1
De 31:1-8.
英文原文
De 31:1-8.
MOSES ENCOURAGES THE PEOPLE AND JOSHUA.
1. Moses went and spake--It is probable that this rehearsal of the law extended over several successive days; and it might be the last and most important day on which the return of Moses to the place of assembly is specially noticed. In drawing his discourse towards a conclusion, he adverted to his advanced age; and although neither his physical nor intellectual powers had suffered any decay
(De 34:7),
yet he knew, by a special revelation, that the time had arrived when he was about to be withdrawn from the superintendence and government of Israel.
2
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2-8. 耶和华也曾说——应作"因为耶和华曾说"，你不得过这约旦河。摩西在向百姓庄严告别时，劝勉他们不要因仇敌的威胁恫吓而胆怯；要从他们立约之神的持续同在中得着勉励；并要确信，那曾使他们击败约旦河东首批来犯之敌的神圣大能，在他们即将着手、要得"祂向他们列祖起誓应许赐给他们之地"的冒险事业中，同样会有效地帮助他们。
英文原文
2-8. also the Lord hath said--should be "for the Lord hath said" thou shalt not go over this Jordan. While taking a solemn leave of the people, Moses exhorted them not to be intimidated by the menacing opposition of enemies; to take encouragement from the continued presence of their covenanted God; and to rest assured that the same divine power, which had enabled them to discomfit their first assailants on the east of Jordan, would aid them not less effectually in the adventurous enterprise which they were about to undertake, and by which they would obtain possession of "the land which He had sworn unto their fathers to give them."
9
De 31:9-13.
申 31:9-13.
他将律法交给祭司，每逢第七年宣读给百姓。
9-13. 摩西将这律法写出来，交给祭司——这样付诸文字的律法，或为整卷《申命记》，或为其中第二十七至三十章的重要部分。在公私契约中，照例制作两份——一份存放于国家档案或某安全处，以备日后查考之需；另一份留于立约各方手中
(耶 32:12-14)。
此次神与以色列更新圣约也循同一做法。律法的两份书面抄本预备妥当，其中一份交予以色列的公众代表，即祭司和长老。
祭司……抬约柜的——在一切寻常的行程中，抬约柜及其器具是利未人的常规职责
(民 4:15)；
但在庄严或非常的场合，这一职务由祭司担任
(书 3:3-8; 6:6; 代上 15:11, 12)。
以色列众长老——他们是祭司的助手，并负责监督律法的保存、复述和遵守。
英文原文
De 31:9-13.
HE DELIVERS THE LAW TO THE PRIESTS, TO READ IT EVERY SEVENTH YEAR TO THE PEOPLE.
9-13. And Moses wrote this law, and delivered it unto the priests--The law thus committed to writing was either the whole book of Deuteronomy, or the important part of it contained between the twenty-seventh and thirtieth chapters. It was usual in cases of public or private contract for two copies of the engagement to be made--one to be deposited in the national archives or some secure place for reference, should occasion require. The other was to remain in the hands of the contracting parties
(Jer 32:12-14).
The same course was followed on this renewal of the covenant between God and Israel. Two written copies of the law were prepared, the one of which was delivered to the public representatives of Israel; namely, the priests and the elders.
the priests, . . . who bare the ark of the covenant--In all ordinary journeys, it was the common duty of the Levites to carry the ark and its furniture
(Nu 4:15);
but, on solemn or extraordinary occasions, that office was discharged by the priests
(Jos 3:3-8; 6:6; 1Ch 15:11, 12).
all the elders of Israel--They were assistants to the priests and overseers to take care of the preservation, rehearsal, and observance of the law.
10
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10, 11. 每逢七年……你要宣读这律法——在豁免年（安息年）届满、住棚节期间，律法当公开宣读。摩西这一命令是未来的前瞻性安排；因为安息年的遵守要到征服并和平占有迦南之后才开始。这一条例有多项重要功用。因为百姓虽在每个安息日和在自家每日都有机会受教于律法，但在圣所院子里聚会的这种公开、定期的复述——十二岁的妇女和孩子也照常出席（正如他们在各大节期所行）——能在那时间和地点的神圣氛围中，产生对神圣真理的良好而敬虔的印象。此外，它也构成对圣书得以保存、完整无缺并忠实地传于后世的一项公开保证。
英文原文
10, 11. At the end of every seven years, . . . thou shalt read this law--At the return of the sabbatic year and during the feast of tabernacles, the law was to be publicly read. This order of Moses was a future and prospective arrangement; for the observance of the sabbatic year did not commence till the conquest and peaceful occupation of Canaan. The ordinance served several important purposes. For, while the people had opportunities of being instructed in the law every Sabbath and daily in their own homes, this public periodical rehearsal at meetings in the courts of the sanctuary, where women and children of twelve years were present (as they usually were at the great festivals), was calculated to produce good and pious impressions of divine truth amid the sacred associations of the time and place. Besides, it formed a public guarantee for the preservation, integrity, and faithful transmission of the Sacred Book to successive ages.
14
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14, 15. 耶和华对摩西说……你要召约书亚来，你们二人站在会幕里——约书亚已由摩西公开指定为统帅
[民 27:22, 23]；
神乐意以祂同在和悦纳的有形记号来印证这一任命。由于只有祭司有特权进入圣所，这一意义的云柱显现可能是在众领袖站在会幕门口时发生的。
英文原文
14, 15. the Lord said unto Moses, . . .call Joshua, and present yourselves in the tabernacle of the congregation--Joshua had been publicly designated to the office of commander by Moses
[Nu 27:22, 23];
and God was pleased to confirm his appointment by the visible symbols of His presence and approval. As none but the priests were privileged to enter the sanctuary, it is probable that this significant manifestation of the cloudy pillar was made while the leaders stood at the door of the tabernacle.
16
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16-22. 耶和华对摩西说……这百姓起来——在这场非同寻常的会面中，摩西清楚得知以色列将背信弃义，他们将因与迦南偶像崇拜之民的交往而败坏真宗教
(摩 5:26)，
并因这些国家性的叛离而受罚。
英文原文
16-22. the Lord said unto Moses, . . . this people will rise up--In this remarkable interview, Moses was distinctly apprised of the infidelity of Israel, their corruptions of the true religion through intercourse with the idolatrous inhabitants of Canaan
(Am 5:26),
and their chastisements in consequence of those national defections.
17
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17. 那时我的怒气必发作……我必向他们掩面——这是宣布撤回神圣的恩惠和保护，而舍吉拿（Shekinah）正是其记号与保证。它在第二圣殿中再未显现；其不显现是"一切临到他们的灾祸"的序曲——"因为他们的神不在他们中间"。
英文原文
17. Then my anger shall be kindled, . . . and I will hide my face from them--an announcement of the withdrawal of the divine favor and protection of which the Shekinah was the symbol and pledge. It never appeared in the second temple; and its non-appearance was a prelude of "all the evils that came upon them, because their God was not among them."
19
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19. 现在你们要写下这首歌——国歌深植于记忆，在激动一个民族最深情感方面具有强大的影响力。按照人性的这一原则，摩西奉命（无疑是在神圣默示之下）作一首歌，以色列人要自己学习，并要在每一代中教导他们的儿女，这首歌体现了前述各篇讲论的精要，其格调正适合激发民众对神恩待其国的强烈感受。
英文原文
19. Now therefore write ye this song--National songs take deep hold of the memories and have a powerful influence in stirring the deepest feelings of a people. In accordance with this principle in human nature, a song was ordered to be composed by Moses, doubtless under divine inspiration, which was to be learnt by the Israelites themselves and to be taught to their children in every age, embodying the substance of the preceding addresses, and of a strain well suited to inspire the popular mind with a strong sense of God's favor to their nation.
26
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26. 将这律法书放在约柜旁——律法的第二份抄本（参
申 31:9)
为更安全和敬重起见，存放在约柜旁的一个小匣中，因为约柜内除了石版别无所容
(王上 8:9)。
另有人认为它是放在约柜内，因为据保罗的见证
(来 9:4)，
约柜内一度确有其他物件，而这便是约西亚时代所寻获的抄本
(王下 22:8)。
英文原文
26. Take this book of the law, and put it in the side of the ark--The second copy of the law (see on
De 31:9)
was deposited for greater security and reverence in a little chest beside the ark of the covenant, for there was nothing contained within it but the tables of stone
(1Ki 8:9).
Others think it was put within the ark, it being certain, from the testimony of Paul
(Heb 9:4),
that there were once other things inside the ark, and that this was the copy found in the time of Josiah
(2Ki 22:8).
申 31:1-8。
摩西勉励百姓与约书亚。
1. 摩西去告诉……——这次律法的重述很可能延续了好几天；而摩西回到会众聚集之处，特别被记下的，可能是最后也是最紧要的那一天。在他结束这篇讲论时，他提到自己年事已高；虽然他的体力与智力都没有衰败
（申 34:7），
但他藉着特别的启示知道，他要被接去不再治理以色列的时刻已经到了。