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De 33:1-28.
英文原文
De 33:1-28.
THE MAJESTY OF GOD.
1. Moses the man of God--This was a common designation of a prophet
(1Sa 2:27; 9:6),
and it is here applied to Moses, when, like Jacob, he was about to deliver ministerially before his death, a prophetic benediction to Israel.
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2-4. 耶和华来临——此处借日出及其渐显的光辉这一优美比喻，庄严地描绘神的威严：一道神圣之光显现于西奈，将其光辉散射到周围全地，引导以色列向迦南行进。在这些神显现（theophania）的描写中，神被描述为从南方而来，总体上暗指西奈的雷轰闪电；但同时也有同一方向的其他山与之并提。西珥位于约旦河谷（Ghor）之东；巴兰山要么是河谷以西的山脉，更可能是指旷野南界、靠近半岛的山地〔ROBINSON〕。 （参
士 5:4, 5; 诗 68:7, 8; 哈 3:3）。
圣者万万——有人译作"与加低斯的万民同来"，或许更佳的译法是"从米利巴而来"〔EWALD〕。
烈火的律法——如此称呼，既因其颁布时伴随雷轰闪电
(出 19:16-18; 申 4:11)，
也因违犯其诫命时所宣告的猛烈、不容缓和的咒诅
(林后 3:7-9)。
尽管西奈山上展示了令人敬畏的威严景象，律法其实是在恩慈与爱中赐下的
(申 33:3)，
作为促进百姓今世与永恒福祉的手段。它是"雅各会众的产业"，不仅因该民负有世袭的遵守义务，更因它是该民族独特的尊荣、特别的特权。
英文原文
2-4. The Lord came--Under a beautiful metaphor, borrowed from the dawn and progressive splendor of the sun, the Majesty of God is sublimely described as a divine light which appeared in Sinai and scattered its beams on all the adjoining region in directing Israel's march to Canaan. In these descriptions of a theophania, God is represented as coming from the south, and the allusion is in general to the thunderings and lightnings of Sinai; but other mountains in the same direction are mentioned with it. The location of Seir was on the east of the Ghor; mount Paran was either the chain on the west of the Ghor, or rather the mountains on the southern border of the desert towards the peninsula [ROBINSON]. (Compare
Jud 5:4, 5; Ps 68:7, 8; Hab 3:3).
ten thousands of saints--rendered by some, "with the ten thousand of Kadesh," or perhaps better still, "from Meribah" [EWALD].
a fiery law--so called both because of the thunder and lightning which accompanied its promulgation
(Ex 19:16-18; De 4:11),
and the fierce, unrelenting curse denounced against the violation of its precepts
(2Co 3:7-9).
Notwithstanding those awe-inspiring symbols of Majesty that were displayed on Sinai, the law was really given in kindness and love
(De 33:3),
as a means of promoting both the temporal and eternal welfare of the people. And it was "the inheritance of the congregation of Jacob," not only from the hereditary obligation under which that people were laid to observe it, but from its being the grand distinction, the peculiar privilege of the nation.
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6. 愿流便存活，不至死亡——虽然流便失去了长子名分所带来的尊荣与特权，他仍保有以色列支派的地位。他比其他好几个支派人数更多
(民 1:21; 2:11)。
然而他逐渐衰落为一个纯粹的游牧部落，光是"存活而不死"已是不易。许多著名圣经学者依据《七十士译本》最古老、最权威的抄本，认为后一句是指西缅而言；"西缅的人数愿他稀少"——这一读法与圣经其他处论及此支派的话相符
(民 25:6-14; 1:23; 26:14; 书 19:1)。
英文原文
6. Let Reuben live, and not die--Although deprived of the honor and privileges of primogeniture, he was still to hold rank as one of the tribes of Israel. He was more numerous than several other tribes
(Nu 1:21; 2:11).
Yet gradually he sank into a mere nomadic tribe, which had enough to do merely "to live and not die." Many eminent biblical scholars, resting on the most ancient and approved manuscripts of the Septuagint, consider the latter clause as referring to Simeon; "and Simeon, let his men be few," a reading of the text which is in harmony with other statements of Scripture respecting this tribe
(Nu 25:6-14; 1:23; 26:14; Jos 19:1).
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7. 为犹大祝福——其大意指出犹大的大能与独立，以及它在一切军事行动中居领先地位。
英文原文
7. this is the blessing of Judah--Its general purport points to the great power and independence of Judah, as well as its taking the lead in all military expeditions.
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8-10. 论利未说——这篇祝福的主旨，是利未人受命担任祭司这一尊贵而神圣的职分
(利 10:11; 申 22:8; 17:8-11)，
这是对他们热心拥护神事业的奖赏——他们曾毫不留情地惩治了参与金牛犊偶像崇拜的至亲骨肉
(出 32:25-28；
参
玛 2:4-6)。
英文原文
8-10. of Levi he said--The burden of this blessing is the appointment of the Levites to the dignified and sacred office of the priesthood
(Le 10:11; De 22:8; 17:8-11),
a reward for their zeal in supporting the cause of God, and their unsparing severity in chastising even their nearest and dearest relatives who had participated in the idolatry of the molten calf
(Ex 32:25-28;
compare
Mal 2:4-6).
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12. 论便雅悯说——这一支派蒙了特别的恩宠，其所得的分紧邻神的圣殿。
在两肩之间——即在他的两侧或边界上。锡安山（耶路撒冷城所在）属犹大；但圣殿所在的摩利亚山却在便雅悯的边界之内。
英文原文
12. of Benjamin he said--A distinguishing favor was conferred on this tribe in having its portion assigned near the temple of God.
between his shoulders--that is, on his sides or borders. Mount Zion, on which stood the city of Jerusalem, belonged to Judah; but Mount Moriah, the site of the sacred edifice, lay in the confines of Benjamin.
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13-17. 论约瑟说——这一支派的领地，山丘与溪谷相间、林木与水流交错，将在一切出产上丰盛——山地区所培植的橄榄、葡萄、无花果等，以及平地所长的谷物和菜蔬。"公牛的长子与独角的犀牛"（rhinoceros）表明荣耀与力量；据推测，这些象征预表了约书亚的得胜与耶罗波安的新国度——此二人皆出于以法莲（参
创 48:20)。
英文原文
13-17. of Joseph he said--The territory of this tribe, diversified by hill and dale, wood and water, would be rich in all the productions--olives, grapes, figs, &c., which are reared in a mountainous region, as well as in the grain and herbs that grow in the level fields. "The firstling of the bullock and the horns of the unicorn" (rhinoceros), indicate glory and strength, and it is supposed that under these emblems were shadowed forth the triumphs of Joshua and the new kingdom of Jeroboam, both of whom were of Ephraim (compare
Ge 48:20).
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18, 19. 西布伦哪，你出外可以欢喜——指出外经商和海上航行。
以萨迦啊，在你的帐棚里可以快乐——指他们宁愿居住在海边的城邑中。
英文原文
18, 19. Rejoice, Zebulun, in thy going out--on commercial enterprises and voyages by sea.
and, Issachar in thy tents--preferring to reside in their maritime towns.
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19. 要吸取海里的丰富，并沙中所藏的珍宝——这两个支派要与腓尼基人通商，交易金银、珍珠珊瑚，尤其交易murex（骨螺），即产生著名推罗染料的贝壳类动物，以及玻璃——玻璃是用他们紧邻的 Belus 河的沙制造的。
英文原文
19. shall suck of the abundance of the seas, and of treasures hid in the sand--Both tribes should traffic with the Phœnicians in gold and silver, pearl and coral, especially in murex, the shellfish that yielded the famous Tyrian dye, and in glass, which was manufactured from the sand of the river Belus, in their immediate neighborhood.
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20, 21. 论迦得说——他的产业比若在约旦河西更大；这一支派蒙了由摩西亲自安置于首批征服之地的尊荣。在雅博溪以南的森林地带，"他如母狮卧居"（参
创 30:11; 49:19)。
尽管如此，他们忠实地履行了参与"百姓的首领"
[申 33:21]
入侵迦南的承诺。
英文原文
20, 21. of Gad he said--Its possessions were larger than they would have been had they lain west of Jordan; and this tribe had the honor of being settled by Moses himself in the first portion of land conquered. In the forest region, south of the Jabbok, "he dwelt as a lion" (compare
Ge 30:11; 49:19).
Notwithstanding, they faithfully kept their engagement to join the "heads of the people"
[De 33:21]
in the invasion of Canaan.
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22. 但为小狮子——他在迦南南部原有的分太小，便以一次突然而成功的侵袭，在该地北端建立了一块殖民地。这正可描述为幼狮从巴珊诸山的一次跃扑。
英文原文
22. Dan is a lion's whelp--His proper settlement in the south of Canaan being too small, he by a sudden and successful irruption, established a colony in the northern extremity of the land. This might well be described as the leap of a young lion from the hills of Bashan.
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23. 论拿弗他利说——这一支派的领地宜人肥沃，位于"西边"——在米伦湖和金嫩烈湖的边上，以及在北方但人之南。
英文原文
23. of Naphtali he said--The pleasant and fertile territory of this tribe lay to "the west," on the borders of lakes Merom and Chinnereth, and to "the south" of the northern Danites.
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24, 25. 论亚设说——这一支派的状况被描述为兼具一切属地幸福的要素。
把脚蘸在油中——这话或暗指用脚踏式压榨机提油的工艺，或指其地区特别肥沃、适宜种植橄榄。
英文原文
24, 25. of Asher he said--The condition of this tribe is described as combining all the elements of earthly felicity.
dip his foot in oil--These words allude either to the process of extracting the oil by foot presses, or to his district as particularly fertile and adapted to the culture of the olive.
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25. 你的门是铁的、铜的——这种鞋适合他从迦密到西顿的岩石海岸。乡间人和古代战士一样，下肢有金属护胫
(撒上 17:6; 弗 6:15)
和铁底鞋保护。
英文原文
25. shoes of iron and brass--These shoes suited his rocky coast from Carmel to Sidon. Country people as well as ancient warriors had their lower extremities protected by metallic greaves
(1Sa 17:6; Eph 6:15)
and iron-soled shoes.
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26-29. 耶书仑啊，没有能比神的——本章以对以色列的祝贺之言结束，祝贺他们因有耶和华为他们的神和保护者而享有的独特幸福与特权。
乘行诸天帮助你——明显暗指云柱火柱，那既是以色列的向导，也是他们的庇护。
英文原文
26-29. There is none like unto the God of Jeshurun--The chapter concludes with a congratulatory address to Israel on their peculiar happiness and privilege in having Jehovah for their God and protector.
who rideth upon the heaven in thy help--an evident allusion to the pillar of cloud and fire, which was both the guide and shelter of Israel.
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28. 雅各的泉源——以色列的后裔要住在蒙福、得宠之地。
英文原文
28. the fountain of Jacob--The posterity of Israel shall dwell in a blessed and favored land.
申 33:1-28。
神的威严。
1. 神人摩西——这是先知的常见称呼
（撒上 2:27；9:6），
此处用在摩西身上，因他像雅各一样，在临终前要以先知的身分向以色列宣告祝福。