1
De 33:1-28.
英文原文
De 33:1-28.
THE MAJESTY OF GOD.
1. Moses the man of God--This was a common designation of a prophet
(1Sa 2:27; 9:6),
and it is here applied to Moses, when, like Jacob, he was about to deliver ministerially before his death, a prophetic benediction to Israel.
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2-4. 耶和華來臨——此處借日出及其漸顯的光輝這一優美比喻，莊嚴地描繪神的威嚴：一道神聖之光顯現於西奈，將其光輝散射到周圍全地，引導以色列向迦南行進。在這些神顯現（theophania）的描寫中，神被描述為從南方而來，總體上暗指西奈的雷轟閃電；但同時也有同一方向的其他山與之並提。西珥位於約旦河谷（Ghor）之東；巴蘭山要麼是河谷以西的山脈，更可能是指曠野南界、靠近半島的山地〔ROBINSON〕。 （參
士 5:4, 5; 詩 68:7, 8; 哈 3:3）。
聖者萬萬——有人譯作"與加低斯的萬民同來"，或許更佳的譯法是"從米利巴而來"〔EWALD〕。
烈火的律法——如此稱呼，既因其頒布時伴隨雷轟閃電
(出 19:16-18; 申 4:11)，
也因違犯其誡命時所宣告的猛烈、不容緩和的咒詛
(林後 3:7-9)。
儘管西奈山上展示了令人敬畏的威嚴景象，律法其實是在恩慈與愛中賜下
(申 33:3)，
作為促進百姓今世與永恆福祉的手段。它是"雅各會眾的產業"，不僅因該民負有世襲的遵守義務，更因它是該民族獨特的尊榮、特別的特權。
英文原文
2-4. The Lord came--Under a beautiful metaphor, borrowed from the dawn and progressive splendor of the sun, the Majesty of God is sublimely described as a divine light which appeared in Sinai and scattered its beams on all the adjoining region in directing Israel's march to Canaan. In these descriptions of a theophania, God is represented as coming from the south, and the allusion is in general to the thunderings and lightnings of Sinai; but other mountains in the same direction are mentioned with it. The location of Seir was on the east of the Ghor; mount Paran was either the chain on the west of the Ghor, or rather the mountains on the southern border of the desert towards the peninsula [ROBINSON]. (Compare
Jud 5:4, 5; Ps 68:7, 8; Hab 3:3).
ten thousands of saints--rendered by some, "with the ten thousand of Kadesh," or perhaps better still, "from Meribah" [EWALD].
a fiery law--so called both because of the thunder and lightning which accompanied its promulgation
(Ex 19:16-18; De 4:11),
and the fierce, unrelenting curse denounced against the violation of its precepts
(2Co 3:7-9).
Notwithstanding those awe-inspiring symbols of Majesty that were displayed on Sinai, the law was really given in kindness and love
(De 33:3),
as a means of promoting both the temporal and eternal welfare of the people. And it was "the inheritance of the congregation of Jacob," not only from the hereditary obligation under which that people were laid to observe it, but from its being the grand distinction, the peculiar privilege of the nation.
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6. 願流便存活，不至死亡——雖然流便失去了長子名分所帶來的尊榮與特權，他仍保有以色列支派的地位。他比其他好幾個支派人數更多
(民 1:21; 2:11)。
然而他逐漸衰落為一個純粹的遊牧部落，光是"存活而不死"已是不易。許多著名聖經學者依據《七十士譯本》最古老、最權威的抄本，認為後一句是指西緬而言；"西緬的人數願他稀少"——這一讀法與聖經其他處論及此支派的話相符
(民 25:6-14; 1:23; 26:14; 書 19:1)。
英文原文
6. Let Reuben live, and not die--Although deprived of the honor and privileges of primogeniture, he was still to hold rank as one of the tribes of Israel. He was more numerous than several other tribes
(Nu 1:21; 2:11).
Yet gradually he sank into a mere nomadic tribe, which had enough to do merely "to live and not die." Many eminent biblical scholars, resting on the most ancient and approved manuscripts of the Septuagint, consider the latter clause as referring to Simeon; "and Simeon, let his men be few," a reading of the text which is in harmony with other statements of Scripture respecting this tribe
(Nu 25:6-14; 1:23; 26:14; Jos 19:1).
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7. 為猶大祝福說——這祝福的大意指向猶大的大能和獨立，以及它在一切軍事遠征中居於首領地位。
英文原文
7. this is the blessing of Judah--Its general purport points to the great power and independence of Judah, as well as its taking the lead in all military expeditions.
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8-10. 論利未說——這祝福的主旨，是利未人被委任擔任祭司這尊貴而神聖的職分
(利 10:11; 申 22:8; 17:8-11)，
這是對他們在維護神事業上的熱心、以及在懲治那批參與金牛犢偶像崇拜之事上連至親也不放過的嚴厲的賞賜
(出 32:25-28;
比較 瑪 2:4-6)。
英文原文
8-10. of Levi he said--The burden of this blessing is the appointment of the Levites to the dignified and sacred office of the priesthood
(Le 10:11; De 22:8; 17:8-11),
a reward for their zeal in supporting the cause of God, and their unsparing severity in chastising even their nearest and dearest relatives who had participated in the idolatry of the molten calf
(Ex 32:25-28;
compare
Mal 2:4-6).
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12. 論便雅憫說——這個支派蒙受了特別的恩寵，其地業被指定在神殿的附近。
在兩肩之間——即在他的兩側或邊界上。錫安山——耶路撒冷城所在之地——屬於猶大；但聖殿所在的摩利亞山，卻在便雅憫的境界之內。
英文原文
12. of Benjamin he said--A distinguishing favor was conferred on this tribe in having its portion assigned near the temple of God.
between his shoulders--that is, on his sides or borders. Mount Zion, on which stood the city of Jerusalem, belonged to Judah; but Mount Moriah, the site of the sacred edifice, lay in the confines of Benjamin.
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13-17. 論約瑟說——這個支派的地業，有山有谷、有林有水，物產豐富——既有山地所產的橄欖、葡萄、無花果等，也有平地所長的穀物和菜蔬。"公牛的頭生子"和"獨角獸"（犀牛）的角，象徵榮耀和能力；據推測，這些表號預表了約書亞的得勝和耶羅波安的新國度——兩人都出自以法蓮
(比較 創 48:20)。
英文原文
13-17. of Joseph he said--The territory of this tribe, diversified by hill and dale, wood and water, would be rich in all the productions--olives, grapes, figs, &c., which are reared in a mountainous region, as well as in the grain and herbs that grow in the level fields. "The firstling of the bullock and the horns of the unicorn" (rhinoceros), indicate glory and strength, and it is supposed that under these emblems were shadowed forth the triumphs of Joshua and the new kingdom of Jeroboam, both of whom were of Ephraim (compare
Ge 48:20).
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18, 19. 論西布倫說，西布倫哪，你出外可以歡樂——指商業經營和海上航行。
論以薩迦說，以薩迦啊，你在帳棚裡可以快樂——指喜愛留居其沿海城鎮。
英文原文
18, 19. Rejoice, Zebulun, in thy going out--on commercial enterprises and voyages by sea.
and, Issachar in thy tents--preferring to reside in their maritime towns.
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19. 可以吸取海裡的豐富，和沙中所藏的寶物——這兩個支派必與腓尼基人通商，交易金銀、珍珠和珊瑚，尤其是murex——產生著名推羅染料的貝類，以及玻璃——那是以他們鄰近伯魯斯河（Belus）的沙子製造的。
英文原文
19. shall suck of the abundance of the seas, and of treasures hid in the sand--Both tribes should traffic with the Phœnicians in gold and silver, pearl and coral, especially in murex, the shellfish that yielded the famous Tyrian dye, and in glass, which was manufactured from the sand of the river Belus, in their immediate neighborhood.
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20, 21. 論迦得說——其產業比位於約旦河西更大；這支派且得了摩西親自將其安置於首先征服之地的殊榮。在雅博溪以南的森林地帶，"他如獅子蹲伏"
(比較 創 30:11; 49:19)。
然而，他們忠實地履行了與"百姓的領袖"同去
[申 33:21]
入侵迦南的承諾。
英文原文
20, 21. of Gad he said--Its possessions were larger than they would have been had they lain west of Jordan; and this tribe had the honor of being settled by Moses himself in the first portion of land conquered. In the forest region, south of the Jabbok, "he dwelt as a lion" (compare
Ge 30:11; 49:19).
Notwithstanding, they faithfully kept their engagement to join the "heads of the people"
[De 33:21]
in the invasion of Canaan.
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22. 但為小獅子——但支派在迦南南部原有的地業太小，便以一次突襲而成功的進攻，在國土的北端建立了殖民地。這正可描寫為一隻幼獅從巴珊的丘陵上一躍而出。
英文原文
22. Dan is a lion's whelp--His proper settlement in the south of Canaan being too small, he by a sudden and successful irruption, established a colony in the northern extremity of the land. This might well be described as the leap of a young lion from the hills of Bashan.
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23. 論拿弗他利說——這支派的地業美好而肥沃，位於"西邊"——即在米倫湖和基尼烈湖沿岸，以及北方但支派的"南邊"。
英文原文
23. of Naphtali he said--The pleasant and fertile territory of this tribe lay to "the west," on the borders of lakes Merom and Chinnereth, and to "the south" of the northern Danites.
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24, 25. 論亞設說——這支派的境況被描述為結合了一切屬世幸福的要素。
把腳蘸在油中——這話或指以腳踏壓榨器取油的過程，或指其地業特別肥沃、適於栽種橄欖。
英文原文
24, 25. of Asher he said--The condition of this tribe is described as combining all the elements of earthly felicity.
dip his foot in oil--These words allude either to the process of extracting the oil by foot presses, or to his district as particularly fertile and adapted to the culture of the olive.
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25. 鐵銅的釘鞋——這鞋適合他從迦密到西頓的岩石海岸。鄉下人以及古代戰士都用金屬護脛保護下肢
(撒上 17:6; 弗 6:15)，
也有鐵底的鞋。
英文原文
25. shoes of iron and brass--These shoes suited his rocky coast from Carmel to Sidon. Country people as well as ancient warriors had their lower extremities protected by metallic greaves
(1Sa 17:6; Eph 6:15)
and iron-soled shoes.
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26-29. 耶書崙的神沒有能與之比擬的——本章以向以色列祝賀作結，祝賀他們以耶和華為神、為保護者的獨特幸福和特權。
乘駕天空……幫助你——明顯暗指雲柱火柱，那既是以色列的嚮導，也是他們的庇護。
英文原文
26-29. There is none like unto the God of Jeshurun--The chapter concludes with a congratulatory address to Israel on their peculiar happiness and privilege in having Jehovah for their God and protector.
who rideth upon the heaven in thy help--an evident allusion to the pillar of cloud and fire, which was both the guide and shelter of Israel.
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28. 雅各的泉源——以色列的後裔必居住在蒙福而受眷顧的地。
英文原文
28. the fountain of Jacob--The posterity of Israel shall dwell in a blessed and favored land.
申 33:1-28.
神的威嚴。
1. 神人摩西——這是先知的常見稱呼
(撒上 2:27; 9:6)，
此處用於摩西：正如雅各臨終前，他也在去世之前，以先知的身分事奉性地向以色列宣告預言性的祝福。