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De 34:1-12.
英文原文
De 34:1-12.
MOSES FROM MOUNT NEBO VIEWS THE LAND.
1. Moses went up from the plains of Moab--This chapter appears from internal evidence to have been written subsequently to the death of Moses, and it probably formed, at one time, an introduction to the Book of Joshua.
unto the mountain of Nebo, to the top of Pisgah--literally, the head or summit of the Pisgah; that is, the height (compare
Nu 23:14; De 3:17-27; 4:49).
The general name given to the whole mountain range east of Jordan, was Abarim (compare
De 32:49),
and the peak to which Moses ascended was dedicated to the heathen Nebo, as Balaam's standing place had been consecrated to Peor. Some modern travellers have fixed on Jebel Attarus, a high mountain south of the Jabbok (Zurka), as the Nebo of this passage [BURCKHARDT, SEETZEN, &c.]. But it is situated too far north for a height which, being described as "over against Jericho," must be looked for above the last stage of the Jordan.
the Lord showed him all the land of Gilead--That pastoral region was discernible at the northern extremity of the mountain line on which he stood, till it ended, far beyond his sight in Dan. Westward, there were on the horizon, the distant hills of "all Naphtali." Coming nearer, was "the land of Ephraim and Manasseh." Immediately opposite was "all the land of Judah," a title at first restricted to the portion of this tribe, beyond which were "the utmost sea" (the Mediterranean) and the Desert of the "South." These were the four great marks of the future inheritance of his people, on which the narrative fixes our attention. Immediately below him was "the circle" of the plain of Jericho, with its oasis of palm trees; and far away on his left, the last inhabited spot before the great desert "Zoar." The foreground of the picture alone was clearly discernible. There was no miraculous power of vision imparted to Moses. That he should see all that is described is what any man could do, if he attained sufficient elevation. The atmosphere of the climate is so subtle and free from vapor that the sight is carried to a distance of which the beholder, who judges from the more dense air of Europe, can form no idea [VERE MONRO]. But between him and that "good land," the deep valley of the Jordan intervened; "he was not to go over thither."
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5. 摩西……死了——在他治理以色列人四十年之后。
英文原文
5. Moses . . . died--After having governed the Israelites forty years.
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6. 耶和华将他埋葬——或作"他埋葬在一个谷中"，即比珥迦什的一个沟壑或峡谷。有人以为他进入一个洞穴并在那里去世，按照犹太人与基督徒的古老传统，他是被天使埋葬的
(犹 9; 民 21:20)。
直到今日没有人知道他的坟墓在哪里——这一隐藏似乎是出于神特别的智慧安排，以防日后被列为"圣地"，成为迷信朝圣者或偶像崇拜者聚集之处。
英文原文
6. he buried him--or, "he was buried in a valley," that is, a ravine or gorge of the Pisgah. Some think that he entered a cave and there died, being, according to an ancient tradition of Jews and Christians, buried by angels
(Jude 9; Nu 21:20).
no man knoweth of his sepulchre unto this day--This concealment seems to have been owing to a special and wise arrangement of Providence, to prevent its being ranked among "holy places," and made the resort of superstitious pilgrims or idolatrous veneration, in after ages.
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8. 为摩西哀哭……三十天——通常哀悼期为七日，但对高位或官职显赫之人，则延长至三十日
(创 50:3-10; 民 20:29)。
英文原文
8. wept for Moses . . . thirty days--Seven days was the usual period of mourning, but for persons in high rank or official eminence, it was extended to thirty
(Ge 50:3-10; Nu 20:29).
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9. 约书亚……被智慧的灵充满——他被任命担任一项独特而非凡的职务。他并非摩西的继承者，因为他不是先知或民事统治者，而是将军或领袖，奉召在入侵之战和随后的各支派分地中率领百姓。
英文原文
9. Joshua . . . was full of the spirit of wisdom--He was appointed to a peculiar and extraordinary office. He was not the successor of Moses, for he was not a prophet or civil ruler, but the general or leader, called to head the people in the war of invasion and the subsequent allocation of the tribes.
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10-12. 以后再没有兴起先知——无论我们从哪个角度看这位非凡之人，这段受默示之语所作的称颂都显得公允。没有任何希伯来先知或统治者在品格或职事的尊严上，在对神旨意的认识并宣告的机会上，能与他相比。
英文原文
10-12. there arose not a prophet since--In whatever light we view this extraordinary man, the eulogy pronounced in these inspired words will appear just. No Hebrew prophet or ruler equalled him in character or official dignity, or in knowledge of God's will and opportunities of announcing it.
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Robert Jamieson、A. R. Fausset、David Brown 著
《全本圣经批判与解经注释》（1871）
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英文原文
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Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
Send Addenda, Corrigenda, and Sententiae to the editor
申 34:1-12。
摩西从尼波山眺望应许之地。
1. 摩西从摩押平原登……——从内证看来，本章是在摩西死后写成的，可能曾一度作为约书亚记的序言。
上了尼波山，到毗斯迦山顶——字面作「那毗斯迦的山头或顶峰」，即高地（参
民 23:14； 申 3:17-27；4:49）。
约但河以东整条山脉的通称为亚巴琳（参
申 32:49），
而摩西所登的山峰，是奉献给异教神明尼波的，正如巴兰站立之处曾奉献给毗珥一样。有些近代旅行者把位于雅博河（苏尔卡河）以南的高山杰贝勒阿塔鲁斯定为本处的尼波
[BURCKHARDT, SEETZEN 等]。
但这山的位置过于偏北，不符那被描述为「对着耶利哥」、必须在约但河最后一段河道上方寻找的高地。
耶和华把基列全地指给他看——那片牧放之地，在他所站立山脉的北端清晰可辨，一直延伸到他视线之外远处的但。向西，地平线上有「拿弗他利全地」远处的山岭。再近些，是「以法莲和玛拿西之地」。正对面是「犹大全地」，这称呼起初仅限这一支派所得之分，再过去便是「极西的海」（地中海）与「南地」的旷野。这便是叙事要我们留意的、他百姓将来产业的四大标志。他正下方是耶利哥平原的「圆形」洼地，及其棕树的绿洲；而在他左边远处，是大旷野前最后一个有人居住之地「琐珥」。图景的近景才清晰可辨。摩西并未得着任何超然的眼力。他所看见的一切，凡是登到足够高度的人都能看见。这地带的大气极为澄澈，没有水汽，以致视线可及的距离，远非那惯于欧洲较为浓密空气的观者所能想象
[VERE MONRO]。
但在他与那「美地」之间，有约但河的深谷隔开；「他不能过去」。