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De 7:1-26.
英文原文
De 7:1-26.
ALL COMMUNION WITH THE NATIONS FORBIDDEN.
1. the Hittites--This people were descended from Heth, the second son of Canaan
(Ge 10:15),
and occupied the mountainous region about Hebron, in the south of Palestine.
the Girgashites--supposed by some to be the same as the Gergesenes
(Mt 8:28),
who lay to the east of Lake Gennesareth; but they are placed on the west of Jordan
(Jos 24:11),
and others take them for a branch of the large family of the Hivites, as they are omitted in nine out of ten places where the tribes of Canaan are enumerated; in the tenth they are mentioned, while the Hivites are not.
the Amorites--descended from the fourth son of Canaan. They occupied, besides their conquest on the Moabite territory, extensive settlements west of the Dead Sea, in the mountains.
the Canaanites--located in Phœnicia, particularly about Tyre and Sidon, and being sprung from the oldest branch of the family of Canaan, bore his name.
the Perizzites--that is, villagers, a tribe who were dispersed throughout the country and lived in unwalled towns.
the Hivites--who dwelt about Ebal and Gerizim, extending towards Hermon. They are supposed to be the same as the Avims.
the Jebusites--resided about Jerusalem and the adjacent country.
seven nations greater and mightier than thou--Ten were formerly mentioned
(Ge 15:19-21).
But in the lapse of near five hundred years, it cannot be surprising that some of them had been extinguished in the many intestine feuds that prevailed among those warlike tribes. It is more than probable that some, stationed on the east of Jordan, had fallen under the victorious arms of the Israelites.
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2-6. 你要将他们交与灭绝；你不可与他们立约——神向迦南那些支派所宣布这无情的灭尽之命，除非假定他们那严重的偶像崇拜与极大的邪恶已使悔改改过不再有合理的指望，否则便无法与神圣品格的属性相调和。他们若要像洪水以前的人或所多玛、蛾摩拉的人那样，作为已恶贯满盈、无可救药的罪人被除灭，那么审判以何种方式临到，对他们并无分别；而神作为掌权的最高主宰，有权使用祂所喜悦的任何器皿来执行祂的审判。有人认为他们之当被灭尽，是因他们霸占了一块神已指定给希伯来后裔的地业——这地早在数代之前，便由那一族的游牧牧人占据，直到雅各一家因饥荒迁往埃及，迦南人才遍布全地；他们对此地并无合法的权利，却企图以武力据为己有。照此观点，把他们驱逐出去乃是公义合理的。严禁与这样声名狼藉的拜偶像者结盟，乃是一条出于审慎的原则，其依据是「滥交是败坏善行」
[林前 15:33]
的经验；其重要性与必要性，已由后来以色列历史中所罗门及其他人的不幸先例充分证明。
英文原文
2-6. thou shalt smite them, and utterly destroy them; thou shalt make no covenant with them--This relentless doom of extermination which God denounced against those tribes of Canaan cannot be reconciled with the attributes of the divine character, except on the assumption that their gross idolatry and enormous wickedness left no reasonable hope of their repentance and amendment. If they were to be swept away like the antediluvians or the people of Sodom and Gomorrah, as incorrigible sinners who had filled up the measure of their iniquities, it mattered not to them in what way the judgment was inflicted; and God, as the Sovereign Disposer, had a right to employ any instruments that pleased Him for executing His judgments. Some think that they were to be exterminated as unprincipled usurpers of a country which God had assigned to the posterity of Eber and which had been occupied ages before by wandering shepherds of that race, till, on the migration of Jacob's family into Egypt through the pressure of famine, the Canaanites overspread the whole land, though they had no legitimate claim to it, and endeavored to retain possession of it by force. In this view their expulsion was just and proper. The strict prohibition against contracting any alliances with such infamous idolaters was a prudential rule, founded on the experience that "evil communications corrupt good manners"
[1Co 15:33],
and its importance or necessity was attested by the unhappy examples of Solomon and others in the subsequent history of Israel.
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5. 你们却要这样待他们：拆毁他们的祭坛等——清除迦南人的庙宇、祭坛以及一切曾用于其偶像崇拜、或可能延续其记忆的事物，对于保守以色列人免受一切玷污的危险，同样非常必要。苏格兰改教者也效法了此举；尽管许多热心的建筑和美术爱好者咒骂他们的做法为野蛮破坏，但诺克斯（Knox）那句最爱的格言中却蕴含着深邃的智慧——"拆掉窝巢，乌鸦自散"。
英文原文
5. thus shall ye deal with them; ye shall destroy their altars, &c.--The removal of the temples, altars, and everything that had been enlisted in the service, or might tend to perpetuate the remembrance, of Canaanite idolatry, was likewise highly expedient for preserving the Israelites from all risk of contamination. It was imitated by the Scottish Reformers, and although many ardent lovers of architecture and the fine arts have anathematized their proceedings as vandalism, yet there was profound wisdom in the favorite maxim of Knox--"pull down the nests, and the rooks will disappear."
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6-10. 你归耶和华你神为圣洁的民——即分别出来归给神的事奉，或蒙拣选以成就祂护理的重要旨意。他们蒙选承担这一崇高使命，既非因他们人数众多（因为直到约瑟去世之后，他们不过一小群人）；也非因他们有何超凡的功劳（因为他们屡次行极其顽梗卑劣之事）；而是因与他们敬虔的列祖所立的约和应许；而促成这一特别之举的动机，既足以印证神的智慧，更能彰显祂的荣耀——将最美好、最宝贵的福分广传于全人类。
英文原文
6-10. For thou art an holy people unto the Lord thy God--that is, set apart to the service of God, or chosen to execute the important purposes of His providence. Their selection to this high destiny was neither on account of their numerical amount (for, till after the death of Joseph, they were but a handful of people); nor because of their extraordinary merits (for they had often pursued a most perverse and unworthy conduct); but it was in consequence of the covenant or promise made with their pious forefathers; and the motives that led to that special act were such as tended not only to vindicate God's wisdom, but to illustrate His glory in diffusing the best and most precious blessings to all mankind.
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11-26. 你要谨守遵行我今日所吩咐你的诫命、律例、典章——在神与以色列所立的约中，祂应许只要他们持续顺服祂这位天上的君王，就必赐给他们各样的福分。祂以自己的信实担保，祂无限的完美必为此目的而施展，并救他们脱离作为一国所将面对的一切灾祸。因此，只要他们持守所要求的顺服，那一民作为国家是真正有福的，他们发现信实的神向他们所发的每一应许都丰丰富富地应验了。参
诗 144:12-15
中对此的一项优美例证。
英文原文
11-26. Thou shalt therefore keep the commandments, and the statutes, and the judgments, which I command thee this day--In the covenant into which God entered with Israel, He promised to bestow upon them a variety of blessings so long as they continued obedient to Him as their heavenly King. He pledged His veracity that His infinite perfections would be exerted for this purpose, as well as for delivering them from every evil to which, as a people, they would be exposed. That people accordingly were truly happy as a nation, and found every promise which the faithful God made to them amply fulfilled, so long as they adhered to that obedience which was required of them. See a beautiful illustration of this in
Ps 144:12-15.
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15. 埃及的恶疾——（参
出 15:26)。
除了法老和他的臣民所受的灾殃之外，埃及一直被疾病可怕地蹂躏。摩西的见证为许多现代作者的报告所证实：尽管该国气候温和、晴朗，却有一些本地恶性疾病，如眼炎、痢疾、天花和瘟疫。
英文原文
15. the evil diseases of Egypt--(See
Ex 15:26).
Besides those with which Pharaoh and his subjects were visited, Egypt has always been dreadfully scourged with diseases. The testimony of Moses is confirmed by the reports of many modern writers, who tell us that, notwithstanding its equal temperature and sereneness, that country has some indigenous maladies which are very malignant, such as ophthalmia, dysentery, smallpox, and the plague.
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20. 耶和华你神也要打发黄蜂到他们中间——（参
书 24:12
[并
出 23:28]）。
英文原文
20. Moreover the Lord thy God will send the hornet among them--(See on
Jos 24:12
[and
Ex 23:28]).
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22. 免得田野的兽多起来害你——（参
出 23:29)。
他们全能的统治者原可即刻赐他们拥有应许之地。但敌人未葬的尸体和可能暂时荒凉的部分地区，会引来危险野兽的涌入。这一祸患可借渐进的征服和使用普通的手段来防止——而神必赐福这些手段。
英文原文
22. lest the beasts of the field increase upon thee--(See on
Ex 23:29).
The omnipotence of their Almighty Ruler could have given them possession of the promised land at once. But, the unburied corpses of the enemy and the portions of the country that might have been left desolate for a while, would have drawn an influx of dangerous beasts. This evil would be prevented by a progressive conquest and by the use of ordinary means, which God would bless.
De 7:1-26.
禁止与列国一切交往。
1. 赫人——这族人乃迦南次子赫的后裔
(Ge 10:15)，
居住在巴勒斯坦南部希伯仑一带的山区。
革迦撒人——有人认为即格拉森人
(Mt 8:28)，
居住在革尼撒勒湖以东；但也有记载将他们置于约但河以西
(Jos 24:11)，
另有人认为他们是希未人这一大家族的一支，因为在列举迦南诸族的十处经文中，有九处省略了他们；而在第十处提及了他们，却未提及希未人。
亚摩利人——为迦南第四子之后裔。除了在摩押地所征服的疆土之外，他们还在死海以西的山区占有广阔的定居之地。
迦南人——居住在腓尼基，尤其是推罗与西顿一带，因出于迦南家族中最古老的一支，便承袭了迦南之名。
比利洗人——即村民，是一支散居全国、居住在无城墙之乡镇中的部族。
希未人——居住在以巴路与基利心一带，并延伸至黑门山。有人认为他们就是亚卫人。
耶布斯人——居住在耶路撒冷及其附近一带。
七国的民都比你多、比你强——从前曾提到十族
(Ge 15:19-21)。
但经过将近五百年，这些好战的部族之间频繁发生内争内战，其中一些已被消灭，也就不足为奇了。而且很有可能，其中一些驻扎在约但河东的部族已经败落在以色列人得胜的兵器之下。