1
De 8:1-20.
英文原文
De 8:1-20.
AN EXHORTATION TO OBEDIENCE.
1. All the commandments which I command thee this day shall ye observe to do, that ye may live--In all the wise arrangements of our Creator duty has been made inseparably connected with happiness; and the earnest enforcement of the divine law which Moses was making to the Israelites was in order to secure their being a happy (because a moral and religious) people: a course of prosperity is often called "life"
(Ge 17:18; Pr 3:2).
live, and multiply--This reference to the future increase of their population proves that they were too few to occupy the land fully at first.
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2, 3. 你也要记念耶和华你的神在旷野引导你这四十年——重述他们在那段漫长时期中种种坎坷的经历，旨在使他们深刻体会神的恩慈。首先，摩西向他们说明他们长久漂流与种种苦难的目的。这些既是对他们顺服的试验，也是因罪而受的惩治。事实上，这多变的管教所揭露的他们的不信、反复无常、背叛与顽梗，对以色列人自己有极其实际的益处，正如对后世历代的教会一样。其次，他详述神在他们绝望至极时所施的恩慈，以奇妙的供应——无须他们忧虑劳碌——日日养活他们
（见
出 16:4 的解说）。
这粮食本身并无任何固有的营养，它之所以能维持他们的生命，正如一切食物所以能养人
（太 4:4），
完全是因着神的命定与赐福。这一句话也适用于属灵生命的供应，正如适用于肉身生命一样。
英文原文
2, 3. thou shalt remember all the way which the Lord thy God led thee these forty years in the wilderness--The recapitulation of all their checkered experience during that long period was designed to awaken lively impressions of the goodness of God. First, Moses showed them the object of their protracted wanderings and varied hardships. These were trials of their obedience as well as chastisements for sin. Indeed, the discovery of their infidelity, inconstancy, and their rebellions and perverseness which this varied discipline brought to light, was of eminently practical use to the Israelites themselves, as it has been to the church in all subsequent ages. Next, he enlarged on the goodness of God to them, while reduced to the last extremities of despair, in the miraculous provision which, without anxiety or labor, was made for their daily support (see on
Ex 16:4).
Possessing no nutritious properties inherent in it, this contributed to their sustenance, as indeed all food does
(Mt 4:4)
solely through the ordinance and blessing of God. This remark is applicable to the means of spiritual as well as natural life.
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4. 这四十年来，你的衣服没有穿破，你的脚也没有肿——这是何等显著的神迹！以色列人无疑可以从埃及带出比启程时所穿更多的衣物；他们也可以用羊群的羊毛和羊皮与邻近部族交换各种食物和衣物的供应；在这些机会中，神的护理之工显明出来。但摩西在此所用的强烈而明确的话语（又见
申 29:5)
指出，他们那位慈爱的守护者为了使他们免受旷野游牧生活磨损，亲自以特殊的、奇迹般的方式介入。第三，摩西详述了应许之地的美善。
英文原文
4. Thy raiment waxed not old upon thee, neither did thy foot swell, these forty years--What a striking miracle was this! No doubt the Israelites might have brought from Egypt more clothes than they wore at their outset; they might also have obtained supplies of various articles of food and raiment in barter with the neighboring tribes for the fleeces and skins of their sheep and goats; and in furnishing them with such opportunities the care of Providence appeared. But the strong and pointed terms which Moses here uses (see also
De 29:5)
indicate a special or miraculous interposition of their loving Guardian in preserving them amid the wear and tear of their nomadic life in the desert. Thirdly, Moses expatiated on the goodness of the promised land.
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7. 因为耶和华你神领你进入美地——古今所有的记载都一致见证巴勒斯坦自然之美与肥沃，以及其一旦善加耕种所能发挥的巨大潜力。
那地有河，有泉，有源，从山谷中流出水来——这些特征先被提及，因为最为显眼；所有旅行者都描述，经过干旱贫瘠的旷野之后，来到流水潺潺、丘陵起伏、绿谷青翠之中，是何等令人心旷神怡。值得注意的是，水被视为其古代肥沃的主要源头。
英文原文
7. For the Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land--All accounts, ancient and modern, concur in bearing testimony to the natural beauty and fertility of Palestine, and its great capabilities if properly cultivated.
a land of brooks of water, of fountains and depths that spring out of valleys and hills--These characteristic features are mentioned first, as they would be most striking; and all travellers describe how delightful and cheerful it is, after passing through the barren and thirsty desert, to be among running brooks and swelling hills and verdant valleys. It is observable that water is mentioned as the chief source of its ancient fertility.
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8. 那地有小麦、大麦——这些谷类是神特别应许给以色列人的，只要他们忠于神的圣约
(诗 81:16; 147:14)。
小麦与大麦丰盛到可产六十倍，甚至一百倍
(创 26:12; 太 13:8)。
葡萄树、无花果树、石榴树——石灰岩的山坡与陡峭的溪谷，从今日残留的痕迹可见，曾完全被无花果、葡萄和橄榄树种植园所覆盖。虽地处偏南的纬度，其山地构造缓和了过度的炎热，因此巴勒斯坦既产北方的小麦大麦，也产无花果、石榴等。
蜜——"蜜"一词常以宽泛、不确定的意义使用，常指枣蜜或葡萄蜜，以dibs之名行于凡有葡萄园之处，为各阶层用作食物的调味品。它类似稀薄的糖蜜，但口味更佳〔ROBINSON〕。这在东方被视为珍馐，巴勒斯坦出产丰盛。
英文原文
8. A land of wheat, and barley--These cereal fruits were specially promised to the Israelites in the event of their faithful allegiance to the covenant of God
(Ps 81:16; 147:14).
The wheat and barley were so abundant as to yield sixty and often an hundredfold
(Ge 26:12; Mt 13:8).
vines, and fig trees, and pomegranates--The limestone rocks and abrupt valleys were entirely covered, as traces of them still show, with plantations of figs, vines, and olive trees. Though in a southern latitude, its mountainous formations tempered the excessive heat, and hence, figs, pomegranates, &c., were produced in Palestine equally with wheat and barley, the produce of northern regions.
honey--The word "honey" is used often in a loose, indeterminate sense, very frequently to signify a syrup of dates or of grapes, which under the name of dibs is much used by all classes, wherever vineyards are found, as a condiment to their food. It resembles thin molasses, but is more pleasant to the taste [ROBINSON]. This is esteemed a great delicacy in the East, and it was produced abundantly in Palestine.
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9. 那地的石头是铁——巴勒斯坦盛产这种金属，尤其在黎巴嫩山区、Kesraoun 山等地——不仅约瑟夫如此见证，Volney、Buckingham 及其他旅行者亦然。
铜——并非合金的黄铜，而是铜矿石。虽然这些矿藏如今或已枯竭或被忽视，古代它们出产丰盛的这些金属
(代上 22:3; 29:2-7; 赛 60:17)。
英文原文
9. a land whose stones are iron--The abundance of this metal in Palestine, especially among the mountains of Lebanon, those of Kesraoun, and elsewhere, is attested not only by JOSEPHUS, but by Volney, Buckingham, and other travellers.
brass--not the alloy brass, but the ore of copper. Although the mines may now be exhausted or neglected, they yielded plenty of those metals anciently
(1Ch 22:3; 29:2-7; Isa 60:17).
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11-20. 你要谨慎，免得忘记耶和华——既提及这些神圣恩惠的实例，摩西便以此为据，劝勉他们日后顺服。
英文原文
11-20. Beware that thou forget not the Lord--After mentioning those instances of the divine goodness, Moses founded on them an argument for their future obedience.
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15. 引导你经过那大而可怕的旷野，那里有火蛇、蝎子——至今那里仍有大量巨大的毒蛇、毒虫，秋季尤多。旅行者在夜间安排帐篷和床铺时必须格外小心；即使在白天，不仅人的腿，连他们所骑牲畜的腿也易被咬伤。
为你使坚硬的磐石流出水来——（参
申 9:21）。
英文原文
15. Who led thee through that great and terrible wilderness, wherein were fiery serpents, and scorpions--Large and venomous reptiles are found in great numbers there still, particularly in autumn. Travellers must use great caution in arranging their tents and beds at night; even during the day the legs not only of men, but of the animals they ride, are liable to be bitten.
who brought thee forth water out of the rock of flint--(See on
De 9:21).
De 8:1-20.
劝勉顺服。
1. 我今日所吩咐的一切诫命，你们要谨守遵行，好叫你们存活——在造物主一切智慧的安排中，本分与幸福是不可分割地联系在一起的；摩西向以色列人恳切陈明神的律法，正是要使他们成为一个快乐的（因而是有道德、有信仰的）民族：亨通顺利的道路常被称为「生命」
(Ge 17:18; Pr 3:2)。
存活，并且增多——这里提及他们日后人口将增多，证明他们起初人数太少，不足以充分占据那地。