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Ex 19:1-25.
英文原文
Ex 19:1-25.
ARRIVAL AT SINAI.
1. In the third month--according to Jewish usage, the first day of that month--"same day."--It is added, to mark the time more explicitly, that is, forty-five days after Egypt--one day spent on the mount
(Ex 19:3),
one returning the people's answer
(Ex 19:7, 8),
three days of preparation, making the whole time fifty days from the first passover to the promulgation of the law. Hence the feast of pentecost, that is, the fiftieth day, was the inauguration of the Old Testament church, and the divine wisdom is apparent in the selection of the same reason for the institution of the New Testament church
(Joh 1:17; Ac 2:1).
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2. 到了西奈的旷野——旷野有其划分的区域,各有不同的名称;「西奈的旷野」乃是那占据半岛正中、荒凉崎岖的地带,包括神山所属的那片高耸山脉。这是一片由斑岩和红花岗岩构成的嶙峋岩石与几乎全无青翠之色的山谷所组成的荒野。
以色列人就在那里的山下安营——西奈,得名于西乃(Seneh),即金合欢灌木。如今称为杰贝尔·穆萨(Jebel Musa)。他们进入那巨大群山腹地的通道,是费兰谷(Wady Feiran),这山谷要将带着牛羊的大队人马引入杰贝尔·穆萨高处那些泉水丰沛的山谷,尤其是引入那旷野的大干道——所有山谷中最长、最宽、最连贯的瓦迪·厄斯·舍伊赫(Wady-es-Sheikh),同时也有许多人散布在周围的山谷中;如此与世隔绝地置身于一片粗犷而雄伟的岩石环抱之中,他们「就在那里的山下安营」。「在这山谷——一条又长又平的山谷——宽约四分之一英里,向北蜿蜒,以色列人可在其中找到广阔的安营之地。那地区所有的山谷中,这里似乎最适合长期驻扎。以色列人的『佳美帐幕』可以无限制地铺展开来」[BONAR]。
英文原文
2. were come to the desert of Sinai--The desert has its provinces, or divisions, distinguished by a variety of names; and the "desert of Sinai" is that wild and desolate region which occupies the very center of the peninsula, comprising the lofty range to which the mount of God belongs. It is a wilderness of shaggy rocks of porphyry and red granite, and of valleys for the most part bare of verdure.
and there Israel camped before the mount--Sinai, so called from Seneh, or acacia bush. It is now called Jebel Musa. Their way into the interior of the gigantic cluster was by Wady Feiran, which would lead the bulk of the hosts with their flocks and herds into the high valleys of Jebel Musa, with their abundant springs, especially into the great thoroughfare of the desert--the longest, widest, and most continuous of all the valleys, the Wady-es-Sheikh, while many would be scattered among the adjacent valleys; so that thus secluded from the world in a wild and sublime amphitheatre of rocks, they "camped before the mount." "In this valley--a long flat valley--about a quarter of a mile in breadth, winding northwards, Israel would find ample room for their encampment. Of all the wadys in that region, it seems the most suitable for a prolonged sojourn. The 'goodly tents' of Israel could spread themselves without limit" [BONAR].
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3-6. 摩西上到神那里——即舍金那——在云中
(出 33:20; 约 1:18)。
你要这样对雅各家说,等等——摩西上去的目的,是要领受并向百姓传达这几节所记的信息,其要旨是概括宣告:神要以色列人与祂建立亲密而特殊的关系,所依据的条件。摩西在神与百姓之间如此斡旋,虽是任何世人所曾蒙召担任的最高职务,他仍不过是仆人。唯一的中保是耶稣基督
[提前 2:5; 来 12:24]。
英文原文
3-6. Moses went up unto God--the Shekinah--within the cloud
(Ex 33:20; Joh 1:18).
Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, &c.--The object for which Moses went up was to receive and convey to the people the message contained in these verses, and the purport of which was a general announcement of the terms on which God was to take the Israelites into a close and peculiar relation to Himself. In thus negotiating between God and His people, the highest post of duty which any mortal man was ever called to occupy, Moses was still but a servant. The only Mediator is Jesus Christ
[1Ti 2:5; Heb 12:24].
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6. 你们要归我作祭司的国度——正如祭司的等次是从众人中分别出来,以色列人比之于其他民族,也要与神维持同样亲近的关系;是一个属灵君尊的团体。
为圣洁的国民——被分别出来,为要保存对神的认识和敬拜。
英文原文
6. ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests--As the priestly order was set apart from the common mass, so the Israelites, compared with other people, were to sustain the same near relation to God; a community of spiritual sovreigns.
an holy nation--set apart to preserve the knowledge and worship of God.
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7、8. 摩西去召了民间的长老来——这信息借着长老传给那庞大的群众,长老无疑也向他们讲解了所要求的条件。他们一致的接受也借着同一渠道传给摩西,再由摩西报告给耶和华。唉!他们的话显出多少自信!他们何等不知道自己是什么样的心!
英文原文
7, 8. Moses came and called for the elders of the people--The message was conveyed to the mighty multitude through their elders, who, doubtless, instructed them in the conditions required. Their unanimous acceptance was conveyed through the same channel to Moses, and by him reported to the Lord. Ah! how much self-confidence did their language betray! How little did they know what spirit they were of!
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9-15. 耶和华对摩西说:看哪,我……在密云中,等等——最深的印象是借着感官的媒介印在人心上的;因此,那位知道人心中所有的,在古教会成立之时降临,以一切适合产生「祂是伟大可畏之神」这信念的威严表征,作为祂降临的标志。全体群众必以极度庄严与敬畏的心情期待这事。所命定的非常预备,所要求遵守的沐浴和严格的禁戒,在山根周围所设的屏障,以及违背任何条件所附的严厉刑罚,这一切都造成了一种恳切而庄严的期待,随着所定的日子临近而愈发加强。
英文原文
9-15. The Lord said unto Moses, Lo, I come . . . in a thick cloud, &c.--The deepest impressions are made on the mind through the medium of the senses; and so He who knew what was in man signalized His descent at the inauguration of the ancient church, by all the sensible tokens of august majesty that were fitted to produce the conviction that He is the great and terrible God. The whole multitude must have anticipated the event with feelings of intense solemnity and awe. The extraordinary preparations enjoined, the ablutions and rigid abstinence they were required to observe, the barriers erected all round the base of the mount, and the stern penalties annexed to the breach of any of the conditions, all tended to create an earnest and solemn expectation which increased as the appointed day drew near.
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16. 到了第三天早晨,有雷声、闪电,等等——神的降临,以一切想象所能及、与威严和敬畏之观念相连的事物作为标志。但这一切都与即将宣告之律法的性质相符。山既在火中燃烧,神便被显明为违背祂律法之人的烈火。雷轰和闪电,在那一片深沉的寂静中更为可畏,在群山之间以可怕的轰鸣回荡,必唤起普遍的注意;厚云是那黑暗隐晦之安排的恰当象征(比较
太 17:5)。
角声——这赋予此景以神迹性事件的性质,其中运作的并非自然的元素,所吹的也非物质的角,而是以别的方式、非人的气息所吹。
英文原文
16. on the third day in the morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, &c.--The descent of God was signalized by every object imagination can conceive connected with the ideas of grandeur and of awe. But all was in keeping with the character of the law about to be proclaimed. As the mountain burned with fire, God was exhibited as a consuming fire to the transgressors of His law. The thunder and lightning, more awful amid the deep stillness of the region and reverberating with terrific peals among the mountains, would rouse the universal attention; a thick cloud was an apt emblem of the dark and shadowy dispensation (compare
Mt 17:5).
the voice of a trumpet--This gave the scene the character of a miraculous transaction, in which other elements than those of nature were at work, and some other than material trumpet was blown by other means than human breath.
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17. 摩西率领百姓出营迎接神——他们所站立的瓦迪·厄·拉赫(Wady-er-Raheh),有一片宽阔的沙地平原;正前方即Es Suksafeh,罗宾逊(ROBINSON)认为这就是颁布律法的山。「我们测量了它,估计整个平原长两地理哩,宽度从三分之一哩到三分之二哩不等,相当于一方哩的面积。这空间因西边的凹入处和东边瓦迪·厄·谢赫(Wady-es-Sheikh)宽阔平坦的地面而几乎加倍;后者与平原成直角,同样能看见山的前方和山顶。考察的结果使我们确信,这里足够容纳圣经叙事中关于会众聚集领受律法的一切所需。在此,人也能明白为何要吩咐在山四围定界限,免得人畜过于挨近,因为这山如同一道垂直的墙矗立。」但杰贝勒·穆萨(Jebel Musa),即传统的西奈山,也是最高峰,同样有一片宽阔的山谷——瓦迪·塞巴叶(Wady Sebaiyeh),足以容纳百姓。他们究竟站在这两处中的哪一处,尚不能确定。
英文原文
17. Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet with God--Wady-er-Raheh, where they stood, has a spacious sandy plain; immediately in front of Es Suksafeh, considered by ROBINSON to be the mount from which the law was given. "We measured it, and estimate the whole plain at two geographical miles long, and ranging in breadth from one-third to two-thirds of a mile, or as equivalent to a surface of one square mile. This space is nearly doubled by the recess on the west, and by the broad and level area of Wady-es-Sheikh on the east, which issues at right angles to the plain, and is equally in view of the front and summit of the mount. The examination convinced us that here was space enough to satisfy all the requisitions of the Scripture narrative, so far as it relates to the assembling of the congregation to receive the law. Here, too, one can see the fitness of the injunction to set bounds around the mount, that neither man nor beast might approach too near, for it rises like a perpendicular wall." But Jebel Musa, the old traditional Sinai, and the highest peak, has also a spacious valley, Wady Sebaiyeh, capable of holding the people. It is not certain on which of these two they stood.
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21. 耶和华对摩西说:你下去嘱咐百姓——摩西刚上山一点,就突然被命令返回,为要阻止百姓闯过来观看——此举为要增强场景的可畏庄重之感。在以色列全会众都站在山根下的此时此地,对所有人不论地位如何都重申这道严令,能在最大程度上使每一颗心生出肃穆敬畏。
英文原文
21. the Lord said unto Moses, Go down, charge the people--No sooner had Moses proceeded a little up the mount, than he was suddenly ordered to return, in order to keep the people from breaking through to gaze--a course adopted to heighten the impressive solemnity of the scene. The strict injunctions renewed to all, whatever their condition, at a time and in circumstances when the whole multitude of Israel were standing at the base of the mount, was calculated in the highest degree to solemnize and awe every heart.
出埃及记 19:1-25.
抵达 西奈
1. 第三个月——按犹太人的算法,即该月的第一日——「就在那一天」。——为更明确地标明时间,特此注明,即离开埃及之后四十五天——在山上用了一天
(出 19:3),
返回传达百姓的答复又用了一天
(出 19:7, 8),
再加上三天的预备,这样从首次逾越节到颁布律法,共计五十天。因此五旬节,即第五十天的节期,乃是旧约教会成立的标志;而神圣的智慧也显明在此:新约教会的设立也选用了同样的缘由
(约 1:17; 徒 2:1)。