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Ge 34:1-31.
英文原文
Ge 34:1-31.
THE DISHONOR OF DINAH.
1-4. Though freed from foreign troubles, Jacob met with a great domestic calamity in the fall of his only daughter. According to JOSEPHUS, she had been attending a festival; but it is highly probable that she had been often and freely mixing in the society of the place and that she, being a simple, inexperienced, and vain young woman, had been flattered by the attentions of the ruler's son. There must have been time and opportunities of acquaintance to produce the strong attachment that Shechem had for her.
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5. 雅各闭口不言——雅各作为父亲、作为敬虔人，必深感痛苦。但他能作的不多。在异母所生的家中，保护女儿的责任不在父亲，而在同母的兄弟身上——他们是姐妹幸福的保护者，也是她们冤屈的复仇者。因此，底拿同母的哥哥西缅和利未
[Ge 34:25]
在这事件中显得是主要的行动者；虽然两位父亲大概本可对此事作友好的安排，但这些激愤的兄弟仓促到来，便为谈判带来了新的因素。
英文原文
5. Jacob held his peace--Jacob, as a father and a good man, must have been deeply distressed. But he could do little. In the case of a family by different wives, it is not the father, but the full brothers, on whom the protection of the daughters devolves--they are the guardians of a sister's welfare and the avengers of her wrongs. It was for this reason that Simeon and Levi, the two brothers of Dinah by Leah
[Ge 34:25],
appear the chief actors in this episode; and though
the two fathers would have probably brought about an amicable arrangement of the affair, the hasty arrival of these enraged brothers introduced a new element into the negotiations.
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6. 哈抹——意为“驴”；这是东方对这动物有迥然不同观念的一个显著证据，在那里它显得活泼、匀称、十分活跃。这位酋长在
(Ac 7:16)
称为以摩。
英文原文
6. Hamor--that is, "ass"; and it is a striking proof of the very different ideas which, in the East, are associated with that animal, which there appears sprightly, well proportioned, and of great activity. This chief is called Emmor
(Ac 7:16).
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7. 众人就忧愁……极其恼怒——敬虔人在这种情形下不能不忧愁；但他们的怒气若小一些，或知道“不可含怒到日落”
[Eph 4:26]
的命令，那就好了。没有任何伤害可以证明报复为正当
(De 32:35； Ro 12:9)；
但雅各的儿子们却以最欺诈的方式筹划了报复之计。
英文原文
7. the men were grieved, and . . . very wroth--Good men in such a case could not but grieve; but it would have been well if their anger had been less, or that they had known the precept "let not the sun go down upon your wrath"
[Eph 4:26].
No injury can justify revenge
(De 32:35; Ro 12:9);
but Jacob's sons planned a scheme of revenge in the most deceitful manner.
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8-10. 哈抹与他们商议——这位王和他的儿子初看似乎行得诚实，我们的情感也倾向他们。他们并不嫉妒那些强盛的牧人；反倒表示愿意建立友好的交往。但他们的行为在既不表示歉意、又不将底拿归还她家中一事上，是不可原谅的；这个大错才是谈判以如此不幸结局告终的真正原因。
英文原文
8-10. Hamor communed with them--The prince and his son seem at first sight to have acted honestly, and our feelings are enlisted on their side. They betray no jealousy of the powerful shepherds; on the contrary, they show every desire to establish friendly intercourse. But their conduct was unjustifiable in neither expressing regret nor restoring Dinah to her family; and this great error was the true cause of the negotiations ending in so unhappy a manner.
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11. 示剑对她父亲……和众兄弟说——婚姻之事的考虑属于雅各，他竟如此让步于众子的火烈冲动，确实显得极弱。结局显出那让步的不幸后果。
英文原文
11. Shechem said unto her father . . . and brethren--The consideration of the proposal for marriage belonged to Jacob, and he certainly showed great weakness in yielding so much to the fiery impetuosity of his sons. The sequel shows the unhappy consequences of that concession.
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12. 任凭向我要多重的聘金和礼物——礼物指订婚时给未婚新娘及其亲属的礼物（参
Ge 24:53)，
聘金则指对她合适的安置。
英文原文
12. Ask me never so much dowry and gift--The gift refers to the presents made at betrothal, both to the bride elect and her relations (compare
Ge 24:53),
the dowry to a suitable settlement upon her.
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13. 雅各的儿子们回答——他们家族的尊荣在于有圣约的记号。割礼是使人加入古教会的外在礼仪。但这外在的礼仪不能使示剑人成为真以色列人；而雅各的儿子们似乎也没有要求别的。没有记载他们教导百姓敬拜真神，只坚持要他们受割礼；显然他们并不想使示剑归正，只是把宗教作幌子——以遮掩其魔鬼般的计谋。假冒为善和欺诈，在一切情形中都是邪恶的；当伴有宗教的表象时，更无限如此；此处雅各的儿子们以良心的顾忌为借口，遮掩了一个残忍魔鬼般的背叛阴谋，这阴谋也许是历来所行的最甚者。
英文原文
13. The sons of Jacob answered--The honor of their family consisted in having the sign of the covenant. Circumcision was the external rite by which persons were admitted members of the ancient Church. But that outward rite could not make the Shechemites true Israelites; and yet it does not appear that Jacob's sons required anything more. Nothing is said of their teaching the people to worship the true God, but only of their insisting on their being circumcised; and it is evident that they did not seek to convert Shechem, but only made a show of religion--a cloak to cover their diabolical design. Hypocrisy and deceit, in all cases vicious, are infinitely more so when accompanied with a show of religion; and here the sons of Jacob, under the pretense of conscientious scruples, conceal a scheme of treachery as cruel and diabolical as was, perhaps, ever perpetrated.
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20. 哈抹和示剑……来到本城的城门口——那是每一个公众宣告发布之处；百姓对这措施顺服的俯首听命，要么表明他们对治理的家族怀有非凡的敬爱，要么表明东方赤裸裸的专制，因为在那里族长的旨意就是绝对的命令。
英文原文
20. Hamor and Shechem . . . came unto the gate of their city--That was the place where every public communication was made; and in the ready obsequious submission of the people to this measure we see an evidence either of the extraordinary affection for the governing family, or of the abject despotism of the East, where the will of a chief is an absolute command.
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30. 雅各说……你们连累我——这可恶的暴行施加在毫无防备的居民及其家人身上，使雅各苦难的杯溢了出来。我们或会惊奇，他在对众子论及此事时，为何不指出这是大罪，是可恶地违犯了神和人的律法，却只着眼于眼前的后果。大概因为这是惟一可能激起那些凶残之子冰冷麻木的心和刚硬良心的角度。若不是神的约束大能，他和他的全家必遭众人联合的报复（参
Ge 35:5）。
他的众子并未全都参与屠杀。约瑟还是个孩子，便雅悯尚未出生，其余八人也与此无关。只有西缅和利未及其随从才是那血腥惨剧的罪犯。但迦南人报复时不会加以区分；既因示剑酋长之子的过犯而杀死全示剑人，若本地人将仇恨扩展到雅各全家，又有什么希奇呢？他们的人数大概与那村落的居民相当。
英文原文
30. Jacob said . . . Ye have troubled me--This atrocious outrage perpetrated on the defenseless citizens and their families made the cup of Jacob's affliction overflow. We may wonder that, in speaking of it to his sons, he did not represent it as a heinous sin, an atrocious violation of the laws of God and man, but dwelt solely on the present consequences. It was probably because that was the only view likely to rouse the cold-blooded apathy, the hardened consciences of those ruffian sons. Nothing but the restraining power of God saved him and his family from the united vengeance of the people (compare
Ge 35:5).
All his sons had not been engaged in the massacre. Joseph was a boy, Benjamin not yet born, and the other eight not concerned in it. Simeon and Levi alone, with their retainers, had been the guilty actors in the bloody tragedy. But the Canaanites would not be discriminating in their vengeance; and if all the Shechemites were put to death for the offense of their chief's son, what wonder if the natives should extend their hatred to all the family of Jacob; and who probably equalled, in number, the inhabitants of that village.
Ge 34:1-31.
底拿被玷辱。
1-4. 雅各虽脱离了外来的祸患，却在独生女的失足上遭遇了一场大的家灾。据约瑟夫所言，她曾去参加一个节期；但极可能她常常自由地出入当地社交场合；她既是个单纯、无经验又好虚荣的年轻女子，便被那执政者之子的殷勤所迷惑。要使示剑对她产生那样强烈的感情，必然有充分的时间和机会使他们彼此相熟。