1
Ge 34:1-31.
英文原文
Ge 34:1-31.
THE DISHONOR OF DINAH.
1-4. Though freed from foreign troubles, Jacob met with a great domestic calamity in the fall of his only daughter. According to JOSEPHUS, she had been attending a festival; but it is highly probable that she had been often and freely mixing in the society of the place and that she, being a simple, inexperienced, and vain young woman, had been flattered by the attentions of the ruler's son. There must have been time and opportunities of acquaintance to produce the strong attachment that Shechem had for her.
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5. 雅各閉口不言——雅各作為父親，又是個好人，必定深感痛苦。但他能作的很有限。在由不同妻子所生的一家中，保護女兒的責任不在父親，而在同母的親兄弟——他們是姊妹福祉的守護者，也是為姊妹所受的冤屈報仇的人。正因這緣故，西緬和利未，底拿同母的兩個哥哥
[Ge 34:25]，
成了這事件中的主要人物；雖然
兩位父親本可能達成對此事的友好安排，但這兩個怒氣沖沖的哥哥的匆忙到來，為談判引入了新的因素。
英文原文
5. Jacob held his peace--Jacob, as a father and a good man, must have been deeply distressed. But he could do little. In the case of a family by different wives, it is not the father, but the full brothers, on whom the protection of the daughters devolves--they are the guardians of a sister's welfare and the avengers of her wrongs. It was for this reason that Simeon and Levi, the two brothers of Dinah by Leah
[Ge 34:25],
appear the chief actors in this episode; and though
the two fathers would have probably brought about an amicable arrangement of the affair, the hasty arrival of these enraged brothers introduced a new element into the negotiations.
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6. 哈抹——意即「驢」；這是東方人對那動物的觀念何等不同的有力證據，在那裏驢看起來活潑、勻稱、精力充沛。這首領又名以摩
(Ac 7:16)。
英文原文
6. Hamor--that is, "ass"; and it is a striking proof of the very different ideas which, in the East, are associated with that animal, which there appears sprightly, well proportioned, and of great activity. This chief is called Emmor
(Ac 7:16).
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7. 眾人因這事惱怒……大大發怒——好人遇見這樣的事不能不悲傷；但他們若少發些怒，或者曉得「不可含怒到日落」
[Eph 4:26]
的教訓就好了。任何傷害都不能成為報復的正當理由
(De 32:35； Ro 12:9)；
但雅各的兒子們卻以最詭詐的方式策劃了一個報復的計謀。
英文原文
7. the men were grieved, and . . . very wroth--Good men in such a case could not but grieve; but it would have been well if their anger had been less, or that they had known the precept "let not the sun go down upon your wrath"
[Eph 4:26].
No injury can justify revenge
(De 32:35; Ro 12:9);
but Jacob's sons planned a scheme of revenge in the most deceitful manner.
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8-10. 哈抹與他們交談——這首領和他的兒子乍看似乎是誠實行事，我們的情感也站在他們一邊。他們沒有對那些強大的牧人表示嫉妒；反而顯出建立友好交往的一切意願。但他們的行為在既不表示遺憾、也不將底拿還給她的家人這事上，是不可原諒的；而這個大錯正是談判如此不幸地結束的真正原因。
英文原文
8-10. Hamor communed with them--The prince and his son seem at first sight to have acted honestly, and our feelings are enlisted on their side. They betray no jealousy of the powerful shepherds; on the contrary, they show every desire to establish friendly intercourse. But their conduct was unjustifiable in neither expressing regret nor restoring Dinah to her family; and this great error was the true cause of the negotiations ending in so unhappy a manner.
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11. 示劍對她父親……和弟兄們說——關於婚事的考慮屬於雅各，而他在如此順從他兒子們的激烈衝動上，確實顯得十分軟弱。後續的事件顯示了那讓步所帶來的不幸後果。
英文原文
11. Shechem said unto her father . . . and brethren--The consideration of the proposal for marriage belonged to Jacob, and he certainly showed great weakness in yielding so much to the fiery impetuosity of his sons. The sequel shows the unhappy consequences of that concession.
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12. 任憑向我要多重的聘金和禮物——禮物是指在訂婚時給予被選之新娘及其親屬的禮物（參
Ge 24:53），
聘金則是指給她的合適的產業。
英文原文
12. Ask me never so much dowry and gift--The gift refers to the presents made at betrothal, both to the bride elect and her relations (compare
Ge 24:53),
the dowry to a suitable settlement upon her.
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13. 雅各的兒子們回答——他們家族的尊榮在於擁有立約的記號。割禮是人被接納為古教會成員的外在禮儀。但這外在的禮儀不能使示劍人成為真以色列人；然而雅各的兒子們似乎也沒有要求更多的東西。沒有提到他們教導百姓敬拜真神，只提到他們堅持要他們受割禮；顯然他們並不想使示劍歸正，只是裝出宗教的樣子——作為掩蓋他們那惡毒計謀的幌子。虛偽和欺騙在任何情形下都是邪惡的，當其伴隨着宗教的外表時便更加無限地邪惡；在這裏，雅各的兒子們以良心的顧慮為藉口，隱藏了一個也許是有史以來最殘酷、最惡毒的背叛計謀。
英文原文
13. The sons of Jacob answered--The honor of their family consisted in having the sign of the covenant. Circumcision was the external rite by which persons were admitted members of the ancient Church. But that outward rite could not make the Shechemites true Israelites; and yet it does not appear that Jacob's sons required anything more. Nothing is said of their teaching the people to worship the true God, but only of their insisting on their being circumcised; and it is evident that they did not seek to convert Shechem, but only made a show of religion--a cloak to cover their diabolical design. Hypocrisy and deceit, in all cases vicious, are infinitely more so when accompanied with a show of religion; and here the sons of Jacob, under the pretense of conscientious scruples, conceal a scheme of treachery as cruel and diabolical as was, perhaps, ever perpetrated.
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20. 哈抹和示劍……到他們城的城門口——那是所有公開宣告作出之處；在百姓對這措施的迅速恭順服從上，我們要麼看到對執政家族之特別情誼的證據，要麼看到東方專制之卑躬的證據，在那裏首領的意志就是絕對的命令。
英文原文
20. Hamor and Shechem . . . came unto the gate of their city--That was the place where every public communication was made; and in the ready obsequious submission of the people to this measure we see an evidence either of the extraordinary affection for the governing family, or of the abject despotism of the East, where the will of a chief is an absolute command.
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30. 雅各說……你們連累我——這樁施加於手無寸鐵的平民和他們家屬身上的殘暴惡行，使雅各的苦杯滿溢。我們也許會詫異：他在對兒子們談論這事時，為何不把它說成可憎的罪、對神律法和人類律法的粗暴違犯，卻只論及眼前的後果。大概是因為那是唯一可能喚醒那些兇殘兒子們冷漠無情、剛硬良心的觀點。若不是神的約束之力，他和他的全家都難免遭眾民合力的報復
（比較
Ge 35:5）。
他的兒子們並非全都參與了屠殺。約瑟還是個孩子，便雅憫還未出生，其餘八人也無分於此事。只有西緬和利未，帶著他們的僕從，是那場血腥慘劇的有罪執行者。但迦南人在報復時不會分辨；既然示劍全城的人因他們首長之子的過犯而被殺盡，原住民若把仇恨延伸到雅各全家，又有何足怪——雅各全家在人數上大概與那城的人數相當。
英文原文
30. Jacob said . . . Ye have troubled me--This atrocious outrage perpetrated on the defenseless citizens and their families made the cup of Jacob's affliction overflow. We may wonder that, in speaking of it to his sons, he did not represent it as a heinous sin, an atrocious violation of the laws of God and man, but dwelt solely on the present consequences. It was probably because that was the only view likely to rouse the cold-blooded apathy, the hardened consciences of those ruffian sons. Nothing but the restraining power of God saved him and his family from the united vengeance of the people (compare
Ge 35:5).
All his sons had not been engaged in the massacre. Joseph was a boy, Benjamin not yet born, and the other eight not concerned in it. Simeon and Levi alone, with their retainers, had been the guilty actors in the bloody tragedy. But the Canaanites would not be discriminating in their vengeance; and if all the Shechemites were put to death for the offense of their chief's son, what wonder if the natives should extend their hatred to all the family of Jacob; and who probably equalled, in number, the inhabitants of that village.
Ge 34:1-31.
底拿受辱。
1-4. 雅各雖然擺脫了外患，卻在獨生女的失足上遭遇了一場家庭大災。據約瑟夫所記，她是去赴一個節期；但極可能她常常隨意與當地人來往，而她這簡單、無經驗又虛榮的年輕女子，因統治者之子的殷勤而大受奉承。要產生示劍對她那樣強烈的愛慕，必已有時間和機會建立相當的交往。