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Job 24:1-25.
英文原文
Job 24:1-25.
1. Why is it that, seeing that the times of punishment
(Eze 30:3;
"time" in the same sense) are not hidden from the Almighty, they who know Him (His true worshippers,
Job 18:21)
do not see His days (of vengeance;
Joe 1:15; 2Pe 3:10)?
Or, with UMBREIT less simply, making the parallel clauses more nicely balanced, Why are not times of punishment hoarded up ("laid up";
Job 21:19;
appointed) by the Almighty? that is, Why are they not so appointed as that man may now see them? as the second clause shows. Job does not doubt that they are appointed: nay, he asserts it
(Job 21:30);
what he wishes is that God would let all now see that it is so.
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2-24. 恶人行最恶之事却似乎免受惩罚的事例（伯24:2-24）。
有人（Some）——指恶人。
地界（landmarks）——不同牧场之间的界碑（申19:14；箴22:28）。
英文原文
2-24. Instances of the wicked doing the worst deeds with seeming impunity
(Job 24:2-24).
Some--the wicked.
landmarks--boundaries between different pastures
(De 19:14; Pr 22:28).
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3. 当头（pledge）——暗指伯22:6。别人确实行了以利法诬指受苦的约伯所行的事，且未受惩罚。
英文原文
3. pledge--alluding to
Job 22:6.
Others really do, and with impunity, that which Eliphaz falsely charges the afflicted Job with.
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4. 原文意是：他们在路上与穷人相遇时，便把穷人推开。引申义是：他们以暴力与不公占穷人的便宜（暗指以利法的指控，伯22:8；撒上8:3）。
穷乏人（poor）——心灵与处境皆穷乏（太5:3）。
隐藏（hide）——躲避欺压者的不公；这些欺压者抢尽他们一切，将他们赶入荒僻之处（伯20:19；30:3-6；箴28:28）。
英文原文
4. Literally, they push the poor out of their road in meeting them. Figuratively, they take advantage of them by force and injustice (alluding to the charge of Eliphaz,
Job 22:8; 1Sa 8:3).
poor--in spirit and in circumstances
(Mt 5:3).
hide--from the injustice of their oppressors, who have robbed them of their all and driven them into unfrequented places
(Job 20:19; 30:3-6; Pr 28:28).
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5. 野驴（wild asses）——（伯11:12）。以实玛利也被称为“野驴人”；希伯来文（创16:12）。这些贝都因强盗带着沙漠野驴般不受约束的野性，出到那里。抢劫就是他们无法无天的“工作”。沙漠对别人不出产食物，对强盗和他的儿女却因劫掠商队而出产食物。
早起（rising betimes）——在东方，旅行很早开始，趁炎热未至之时。
英文原文
5. wild asses--
(Job 11:12).
So Ishmael is called a "wild ass-man"; Hebrew
(Ge 16:12).
These Bedouin robbers, with the unbridled wildness of the ass of the desert, go forth thither. Robbery is their lawless "work." The desert, which yields no food to other men, yields food for the robber and his children by the plunder of caravans.
rising betimes--In the East travelling is begun very early, before the heat comes on.
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6. 像野驴（伯24:5）那样，他们（这些贝都因强盗）收割（比喻）他们的各样谷物（希伯来文“谷”即此意）。野驴不容人把混合饲料堆在马厩里（赛30:24）；照样，这些强盗在露天觅食，或在沙漠（伯24:5），或在田野。
恶人的收成（the vintage of the wicked）——希伯来文作：“恶人收取葡萄”；是劫掠的收成，不是诚实劳碌的收成。若译作“属于恶人”，则暗示只有恶人才有葡萄园，“敬虔的穷人”（伯24:4）则无。希伯来文“收取”是“迟收”之意。第一句既指早季麦子的收割，第二句则指深秋葡萄的收取。
英文原文
6. Like the wild asses
(Job 24:5)
they (these Bedouin robbers) reap (metaphorically) their various grain (so the Hebrew for "corn" means). The wild ass does not let man pile his mixed provender up in a stable
(Isa 30:24);
so these robbers find their food in the open air, at one time in the desert
(Job 24:5),
at another in the fields.
the vintage of the wicked--Hebrew, "the wicked gather the vintage"; the vintage of robbery, not of honest industry. If we translate "belonging to the wicked," then it will imply that the wicked alone have vineyards, the "pious poor"
(Job 24:4)
have none. "Gather" in Hebrew, is "gather late." As the first clause refers to the early harvest of corn, so the second to the vintage late in autumn.
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7. 翁布雷特（UMBREIT）把此句解为贝都因强盗，他们全不顾生活的舒适：“他们赤身露宿，没有遮盖”云云。但对伯22:6的暗指，使英文译本（English Version）更为可取（参伯24:10注释）。那一带夜间霜寒并不罕见（创31:40）。
英文原文
7. UMBREIT understands it of the Bedouin robbers, who are quite regardless of the comforts of life, "They pass the night naked, and uncovered," &c. But the allusion to
Job 22:6,
makes the English Version preferable (see on
Job 24:10).
Frost is not uncommon at night in those regions
(Ge 31:40).
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8. 他们（They）——指被劫掠的客旅。
抱住磐石（embrace the rock）——即在磐石下避身（哀4:5）。
英文原文
8. They--the plundered travellers.
embrace the rock--take refuge under it
(La 4:5).
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9. 从怀中（from the breast）——从寡母怀中。拐带孩童为奴。此处约伯由沙漠中的恶行转论人居之地的恶行。
当头（pledge）——即穷欠债者的衣服，如伯24:10所示。
英文原文
9. from the breast--of the widowed mother. Kidnapping children for slaves. Here Job passes from wrongs in the desert to those done among the habitations of men.
pledge--namely, the garment of the poor debtor, as
Job 24:10
shows.
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10. （参伯22:6注释）。伯24:7暗指类似的罪：但那里他暗示沙漠中公开抢劫衣服；这里则指文明生活中以“当头”为名的更精致的抢劫。他们既剥去穷人的衣物，还逼他们在禾场上劳苦，却不许他们以自己所扛到禾捆堆的谷物充饥。比牛的待遇还差，按申25:4。译作：“他们（贫穷的劳工）饥饿地扛着禾捆”[翁布雷特（UMBREIT）]。
英文原文
10. (See on
Job 22:6).
In
Job 24:7
a like sin is alluded to: but there he implies open robbery of garments in the desert; here, the more refined robbery in civilized life, under the name of a "pledge." Having stripped the poor, they make them besides labor in their harvest-fields and do not allow them to satisfy their hunger with any of the very corn which they carry to the heap. Worse treatment than that of the ox, according to
De 25:4.
Translate: "they (the poor laborers) hungering carry the sheaves" [UMBREIT].
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11. 那些（Which）——“他们”——穷人——“在他们的墙内榨油”；即不仅在田野（伯24:10），也在欺压者用墙围起来的葡萄园和橄榄园中（赛5:5）。然而他们却不许以葡萄和橄榄解“渴”。这里是渴；伯24:10则是饿。
英文原文
11. Which--"They," the poor, "press the oil within their wall"; namely, not only in the open fields
(Job 24:10),
but also in the wall-enclosed vineyards and olive gardens of the oppressor
(Isa 5:5).
Yet they are not allowed to quench their "thirst" with the grapes and olives. Here, thirsty;
Job 24:10,
hungry.
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12. 人（Men）——更当译作“必死的人”（不是常用的希伯来文“人”字）；马所拉元音如此读，如英文译本（English Version）。但元音是后期的。正确的读法是“垂死的人”，与下一句的“受伤的人”相对应，如叙利亚译本。不仅在乡间（伯24:11），就是在城中也有受欺压之人徒然呼求。“从城中”；即他们渴望出城，到城外得自由（出1:11；2:23）。
受伤的（wounded）——被欺压者所伤（结30:24）。
不算为愚妄（layeth not folly）——不理会（即不刑罚）他们的罪（圣经中称罪为“愚妄”；伯1:22）。这是上述整个罪状清单的要旨（徒17:30）。翁布雷特（UMBREIT）依叙利亚译本改一元音读作：“不顾他们的恳求”。
英文原文
12. Men--rather, "mortals" (not the common Hebrew for "men"); so the Masoretic vowel points read as English Version. But the vowel points are modern. The true reading is, "The dying," answering to "the wounded" in the next clause, so Syriac. Not merely in the country
(Job 24:11),
but also in the city there are oppressed sufferers, who cry for help in vain. "From out of the city"; that is, they long to get forth and be free outside of it
(Ex 1:11; 2:23).
wounded--by the oppressor
(Eze 30:24).
layeth not folly--takes no account of (by punishing) their sin ("folly" in Scripture;
Job 1:22).
This is the gist of the whole previous list of sins
(Ac 17:30).
UMBREIT with Syriac reads by changing a vowel point, "Regards not their supplication."
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13. 以上为公开所犯之罪;此处转到暗中所行之罪。译作:“他们(恶人)中有人叛逆”等等。
light——兼具字面与隐喻之意
(Joh 3:19, 20; Pr 2:13)。
paths thereof——光照之地。
英文原文
13. So far as to openly committed sins; now, those done in the dark. Translate: "There are those among them (the wicked) who rebel," &c.
light--both literal and figurative
(Joh 3:19, 20; Pr 2:13).
paths thereof--places where the light shines.
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14. with the light——黎明之际天色尚暗之时,正是东方旅客启程、穷苦作工之人上工之时;杀人的强盗就在那时埋伏
(Ps 10:8)。
is as a thief——东方的贼在人在夜间熟睡时偷窃;强盗则在黎明杀人。那在夜间偷窃的人,天一亮不但抢夺,更杀人以避被发现。
英文原文
14. with the light--at early dawn, while still dark, when the traveller in the East usually sets out, and the poor laborer to his work; the murderous robber lies in wait then
(Ps 10:8).
is as a thief--Thieves in the East steal while men sleep at night; robbers murder at early dawn. The same man who steals at night, when light dawns not only robs, but murders to escape detection.
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15.
(Pr 7:9; Ps 10:11)。
disguiseth——蒙上面罩。
英文原文
15.
(Pr 7:9; Ps 10:11).
disguiseth--puts a veil on.
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16. dig through——东方的房屋通常以日囗砖建成(如
Mt 6:19)。
“贼挖窟窿”,字面作“挖透”\n (Eze 12:7)。
had marked——更宜如
Job 9:7
所译,作:“他们闭门(在自己家中)”;字面作“他们封缄”。
for themselves——为自己的目的,即逃避侦查。
know not——回避。
英文原文
16. dig through--Houses in the East are generally built of sun-dried mud bricks (so
Mt 6:19).
"Thieves break through," literally, "dig through"
(Eze 12:7).
had marked--Rather, as in
Job 9:7,
"They shut themselves up" (in their houses); literally, "they seal up."
for themselves--for their own ends, namely, to escape detection.
know not--shun.
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17. 他们躲避“清晨”之光,如同别人躲避最黑的黑暗(“死荫”)。
if one know——即认出他们。更宜作:“他们深识(熟习)……的恐怖”等等[UMBREIT]。或如 MAURER:“他们晓得(这)黑暗的恐怖”,即清晨——光——的黑暗,对他们而言,光与黑暗(“死荫”)对别人一样可怕。
英文原文
17. They shrink from the "morning" light, as much as other men do from the blackest darkness ("the shadow of death").
if one know--that is, recognize them. Rather, "They know well (are familiar with) the terrors of," &c. [UMBREIT]. Or, as MAURER, "They know the terrors of (this) darkness," namely, of morning, the light, which is as terrible to them as darkness ("the shadow of death") is to other men.
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18-21. 这几节中约伯讽刺地引用他对手们的见解;他先前也曾如此引用\n (Job 21:7-21)。
在\n Job 24:22-24,
他陈述自己的观察作为相反之论。你说:“罪人迅速,即在水面迅速漂去(如漂浮之物)”\n (Ec 11:1; Ho 10:7)。
is cursed——被那些看见他们“迅速”灭亡的人所咒诅。
beholdeth not——“不转向”;隐喻上,因他无法享受其可爱之物\n (Job 20:17; 15:33)。
the way of the vineyards——包括他的田地,如葡萄园般肥沃;与“旷野之路”相对。
英文原文
18-21. In these verses Job quotes the opinions of his adversaries ironically; he quoted them so before
(Job 21:7-21).
In
Job 24:22-24,
he states his own observation as the opposite. You say, "The sinner is swift, that is, swiftly passes away (as a thing floating) on the surface of the waters"
(Ec 11:1; Ho 10:7).
is cursed--by those who witness their "swift" destruction.
beholdeth not--"turneth not to"; figuratively, for He cannot enjoy his pleasant possessions
(Job 20:17; 15:33).
the way of the vineyards--including his fields, fertile as vineyards; opposite to "the way of the desert."
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19. 阿拉伯喻象;融化的雪,与活水的泉源相对,在烤焦的沙中迅速干涸,不留痕迹\n (Job 6:16-18)。
希伯来文简洁而省略,以表达不虔者迅速而彻底的灭亡:(如是)“坟墓——他们犯了罪!”
英文原文
19. Arabian image; melted snow, as contrasted with the living fountain, quickly dries up in the sunburnt sand, not leaving a trace behind
(Job 6:16-18).
The Hebrew is terse and elliptical to express the swift and utter destruction of the godless; (so) "the grave--they have sinned!"
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20. The womb——生他的亲生母亲,她是最后一个“忘记”她所奶之孩子的\n (Isa 49:15),
也将他从记忆中除掉\n (Job 18:17; Pr 10:7)。
虫要吸,即“甜美地吃”他,如美味佳肴\n (Job 21:33)。
wickedness——即恶人;抽象代具体(如\n Job 5:16)。
as a tree——彻底\n (Job 19:10);
UMBREIT 更佳:“如杖。”折断的杖是不可恢复之毁灭的象征\n (Isa 14:5; Ho 4:12)。
英文原文
20. The womb--The very mother that bare him, and who is the last to "forget" the child that sucked her
(Isa 49:15),
shall dismiss him from her memory
(Job 18:17; Pr 10:7).
The worm shall suck, that is, "feed sweetly" on him as a delicate morsel
(Job 21:33).
wickedness--that is, the wicked; abstract for concrete (as
Job 5:16).
as a tree--utterly
(Job 19:10);
UMBREIT better, "as a staff." A broken staff is the emblem of irreparable ruin
(Isa 14:5; Ho 4:12).
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21. 三友所给罪人当受此报的原因。
barren——无子,无人可保护她。
widow——无夫,无人可供养她。
英文原文
21. The reason given by the friends why the sinner deserves such a fate.
barren--without sons, who might have protected her.
widow--without a husband to support her.
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22-25. 约伯对三友见解的答复。经历证明相反。译作:“但他(神)借自己的(神的)能力延长(字面作:拉长;\n Ps 36:10,
旁记)强者的生命。他(恶人)起来(从病榻),虽然他已放弃(字面作:当他不再相信)生命之望”\n (De 28:66)。
英文原文
22-25. Reply of Job to the opinion of the friends. Experience proves the contrary. Translate: "But He (God) prolongeth the life of (literally, draweth out at length;
Ps 36:10,
Margin) the mighty with His (God's) power. He (the wicked) riseth up (from his sick bed) although he had given up hope of (literally, when he no longer believed in) life"
(De 28:66).
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23. 字面作:“他(神,常被敬畏地省略,如\n Job 3:20; Ec 9:9)使他(恶人)在安稳或安全之中。”
yet——约伯的意思是:神如此赐恩给他们,何等奇怪,而他的眼目始终察看他们恶人的道路\n (Pr 15:3; Ps 73:4)!
英文原文
23. Literally, "He (God omitted, as often;
Job 3:20; Ec 9:9;
reverentially) giveth to him (the wicked, to be) in safety, or security."
yet--Job means, How strange that God should so favor them, and yet have His eyes all the time open to their wicked ways
(Pr 15:3; Ps 73:4)!
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24. 约伯重申他在\n Job 21:13
所说:罪人死于高位,不是我们所料的痛苦缠绵之死,而是快速安易之死。“一时”当与“不再”连,不作如英文译本那样。译作:“一忽儿——他们就不再有了!他们被降为卑,如众人(其他)收起脚而死一样”(如希伯来文“被取去”)。
这是自然的死亡\n (Ge 49:33)。
ears of corn——在成熟而足数之年而死,非夭折\n (Job 5:26)。
英文原文
24. Job repeats what he said
(Job 21:13),
that sinners die in exalted positions, not the painful and lingering death we might expect, but a quick and easy death. Join "for a while" with "are gone," not as English Version. Translate: "A moment--and they are no more! They are brought low, as all (others) gather up their feet to die" (so the Hebrew of "are taken out of the way").
A natural death
(Ge 49:33).
ears of corn--in a ripe and full age, not prematurely
(Job 5:26).
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25. (如\n Job 9:24)。
英文原文
25. (So
Job 9:24).
伯24:1-25。
1. 既然惩罚的“时候”（结30:3，“时候”同义）并非向全能者隐藏，为何认识祂的人（即祂的真敬拜者，伯18:21）却看不见祂的“日子”（即报应之日，珥1:15；彼后3:10）呢？
或者依翁布雷特（UMBREIT）较不简明的译法，使两个平行句更匀称：为何全能者不将惩罚的时候“囤积”（“存留”，伯21:19；即“指定”）起来呢？也就是：为何不把它们指定得使人现在就能看见呢？——如第二句所示。约伯并不怀疑这些时候已被指定；相反，他正如此断言（伯21:30）；他所愿的，只是神如今就让众人看见事实正是如此。