1
Job 31:1-40.
英文原文
Job 31:1-40.
1. Job proceeds to prove that he deserved a better lot. As in the twenty-ninth chapter, he showed his uprightness as an emir, or magistrate in public life, so in this chapter he vindicates his character in private life.
1-4. He asserts his guarding against being allured to sin by his senses.
think--rather, "cast a (lustful) look." He not merely did not so, but put it out of the question by covenanting with his eyes against leading him into temptation
(Pr 6:25; Mt 5:28).
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2. 我若任凭感官诱我犯罪，“我从（原文：属）上面的神那里必得什么分（即：我所指望的必是什么），从（原文：属）全能者那里得什么产业”云云[毛雷尔（MAURER）]（伯20:29；27:13）。
英文原文
2. Had I let my senses tempt me to sin, "what portion (would there have been to me, that is, must I have expected) from (literally, of) God above, and what inheritance from (literally, of) the Almighty," &c. [MAURER]
(Job 20:29; 27:13).
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3. 是对伯31:2之问题的回答。
奇特（strange）——即非凡的。
英文原文
3. Answer to the question in
Job 31:2.
strange--extraordinary.
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4. 祂岂不见吗？……云云（Doth not he see? &c.）——既知道这事，我若犯这罪，就只能指望“灾祸”（伯31:3）（箴5:21）。
英文原文
4. Doth not he see? &c.--Knowing this, I could only have expected "destruction"
(Job 31:3),
had I committed this sin
(Pr 5:21).
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5. 约伯禁戒恶行。
虚妄（vanity）——即虚谎（诗12:2）。
英文原文
5. Job's abstinence from evil deeds.
vanity--that is, falsehood
(Ps 12:2).
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6. 括号内插语。译作：“愿神称量我……那时祂必知道”云云。
英文原文
6. Parenthetical. Translate: "Oh, that God would weigh me . . . then would He know," &c.
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7. 与伯31:6相连。
道路（the way）——即神的道（伯23:11；耶5:5）。即敬虔的生活。
心……随……眼目（heart . . . after . . . eyes）——即我的心若贪图我眼所见之物（传11:9；书7:21）。
手（hands）——（诗24:4）。
英文原文
7. Connected with
Job 31:6.
the way--of God
(Job 23:11; Jer 5:5).
A godly life.
heart . . . after . . . eyes--if my heart coveted, what my eyes beheld
(Ec 11:9; Jos 7:21).
hands--
(Ps 24:4).
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8. 是伯31:5、7的归结论（apodosis）；他若行了这些事，便咒诅自己（利26:16；摩9:14；诗128:2）。
所生的（offspring）——更当译作：“我所种的”，即我的庄稼。
英文原文
8. Apodosis to
Job 31:5, 7;
the curses which he imprecates on himself, if he had done these things
(Le 26:16; Am 9:14; Ps 128:2).
offspring--rather, "what I plant," my harvests.
9
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9-12. 约伯申明自己未犯奸淫。
迷惑（deceived）——任凭自己被引诱（箴7:8；创39:7-12）。
埋伏（laid wait）——等丈夫出去。
英文原文
9-12. Job asserts his innocence of adultery.
deceived--hath let itself be seduced
(Pr 7:8; Ge 39:7-12).
laid wait--until the husband went out.
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10. 推磨（grind）——即转动手磨。作最卑微的奴仆与妾（赛47:2；撒下12:11）。
英文原文
10. grind--turn the handmill. Be the most abject slave and concubine
(Isa 47:2; 2Sa 12:11).
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11. 最早期以死刑处罚（创38:24）。后期也是如此（申22:22）。此前他只论及违背良心的罪；如今则是违背公众的罪，需由法官审理。
英文原文
11. In the earliest times punished with death
(Ge 38:24).
So in later times
(De 22:22).
Heretofore he had spoken only of sins against conscience; now, one against the community, needing the cognizance of the judge.
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12.
(Pr 6:27-35; 8:6-23, 26, 27)。
再没有别的罪更能惹动神降下毁灭,如吞噬的火;也没有什么罪如此使人的灵魂荒芜。
英文原文
12.
(Pr 6:27-35; 8:6-23, 26, 27).
No crime more provokes God to send destruction as a consuming fire; none so desolates the soul.
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13-23. 约伯声明自己对仆人没有不公,对困苦人也没有苛刻与压迫。
despise the cause——拒绝为他们伸德勒断。
英文原文
13-23. Job affirms his freedom from unfairness towards his servants, from harshness and oppression towards the needy.
despise the cause--refused to do them justice.
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14, 15. 括号插语;说明约伯为何不轻慢他仆人之理的原因。译作:我若那样行了,神起来(追究我)时,我还能怎样行?他临到察问时,我能回答他什么?
英文原文
14, 15. Parenthetical; the reason why Job did not despise the cause of his servants. Translate: What then (had I done so) could I have done, when God arose (to call me to account); and when He visited (came to enquire), what could I have answered Him?
15
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15. 蓄奴者试图以奴隶原本低劣之说来为自己辩护。但
Mal 2:10; Ac 17:26; Eph 6:9
以主仆同源为据,论证前者当以后者为弟兄而显出弟兄之爱。
英文原文
15. Slaveholders try to defend themselves by maintaining the original inferiority of the slave. But
Mal 2:10; Ac 17:26; Eph 6:9
make the common origin of masters and servants the argument for brotherly love being shown by the former to the latter.
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16. fail——于指望帮助的徒然期望中失望\n (Job 11:20)。
英文原文
16. fail--in the vain expectation of relief
(Job 11:20).
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17. 阿拉伯的待客之礼要求先帮助陌生人,且奉上最好的。
英文原文
17. Arabian rules of hospitality require the stranger to be helped first, and to the best.
18
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18. 插语:声明他与\n Job 31:16, 17
所述之事正相反。
he——那孤儿。
guided her——即那寡妇,以劝告与保护引导她。关于此项及“作父亲的”,见\n Job 29:16。
英文原文
18. Parenthetical: asserting that he did the contrary to the things in
Job 31:16, 17.
he--the orphan.
guided her--namely, the widow, by advice and protection. On this and "a father," see
Job 29:16.
19
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19. perish——即将灭亡者\n (Job 29:13)。
英文原文
19. perish--that is, ready to perish
(Job 29:13).
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20. loins——受益于约伯的身体部位被诗意地描述为向他感恩;那先前赤露的腰,既被我穿上衣服,就愿我各样福气。
英文原文
20. loins--The parts of the body benefited by Job are poetically described as thanking him; the loins before naked, when clad by me, wished me every blessing.
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21. when——即“因为”。
I saw——使我得以仰仗审判之门(“城门口)中一有力党羽的“帮助”,若我被受屈的孤儿所告。
英文原文
21. when--that is, "because."
I saw--that I might calculate on the "help" of a powerful party in the court of justice--("gate"), if I should be summoned by the injured fatherless.
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22. 为\n Job 31:13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21
的应句。我若犯了那些罪,就必误用了我的势力(隐喻上的“我的膀臂”,\n Job 31:21):
所以,我若犯了,就让我的膀臂(字面之意)受苦。约伯暗指以利法的指控\n (Job 22:9)。
第一个“臂”更宜作肩。第二个“臂”是前臂。
from the bone——字面作“芦苇”;故指上臂,肘以上之部分。
英文原文
22. Apodosis to
Job 31:13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21.
If I had done those crimes, I should have made a bad use of my influence ("my arm," figuratively,
Job 31:21):
therefore, if I have done them let my arm (literally) suffer. Job alludes to Eliphaz' charge
(Job 22:9).
The first "arm" is rather the shoulder. The second "arm" is the forearm.
from the bone--literally, "a reed"; hence the upper arm, above the elbow.
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23. For——即约伯之所以防备这些罪的原因。敬畏神,虽他能逃过人的审判\n (Ge 39:9)。
UMBREIT 更为有力地译作:是的,(我若如此行,)从神而来的毁灭与恐怖本会临到我:仅惧怕不是动机。
highness——威严的大能。
endure——我本不能抵挡。
英文原文
23. For--that is, the reason why Job guarded against such sins. Fear of God, though he could escape man's judgment
(Ge 39:9).
UMBREIT more spiritedly translates, Yea, destruction and terror from God might have befallen me (had I done so): mere fear not being the motive.
highness--majestic might.
endure--I could have availed nothing against it.
24
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24, 25. 约伯声明自己不信赖钱财\n (1Ti 6:17)。
此处他转论他对神当尽的本分,如前文他论及对自己与邻舍的本分。贪婪是隐秘的拜偶像,因它将心从创造主转移到受造之物\n (Col 3:5)。
在\n Job 31:26, 27
他转到明显的拜偶像。
英文原文
24, 25. Job asserts his freedom from trust in money
(1Ti 6:17).
Here he turns to his duty towards God, as before he had spoken of his duty towards himself and his neighbor. Covetousness is covert idolatry, as it transfers the heart from the Creator to the creature
(Col 3:5).
In
Job 31:26, 27
he passes to overt idolatry.
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26. 我若因太阳发光而看它(作为敬拜对象);或因月亮行走等等而看它。撒巴教(源出tsaba,“天上的万象”)是最早的伪敬拜形式。故神相对地被称为“万军之耶和华”。日、月、星——自然中最明亮之物,随处可见——被视为不可见之神的可见代表。它们没有庙宇,而在高处与房顶上受拜\n (Eze 8:16; De 4:19; 2Ki 23:5, 11)。
此处的希伯来文“太阳”是光。也许光在其化身日头等等以先,作为从神发出的辐射而受拜。此敬拜盛行于迦勒底;故约伯在他邻舍的偶像崇拜中独洁其身,更为可佩。我们的“Sun-day”(星期日)、“Mon-day”或 Moon-day(星期一),都留有撒巴教的痕迹。
英文原文
26. If I looked unto the sun (as an object of worship) because he shined; or to the moon because she walked, &c. Sabaism (from tsaba, "the heavenly hosts") was the earliest form of false worship. God is hence called in contradistinction, "Lord of Sabaoth." The sun, moon, and stars, the brightest objects in nature, and seen everywhere, were supposed to be visible representatives of the invisible God. They had no temples, but were worshipped on high places and roofs of houses
(Eze 8:16; De 4:19; 2Ki 23:5, 11).
The Hebrew here for "sun" is light. Probably light was worshipped as the emanation from God, before its embodiments, the sun, &c. This worship prevailed in Chaldea; wherefore Job's exemption from the idolatry of his neighbors was the more exemplary. Our "Sun-day," "Mon-day," or Moon-day, bear traces of Sabaism.
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27. enticed——偏离神而归向偶像。
kissed . . . hand——“敬拜”字面上就是这个意思。他们在敬拜时亲吻手,然后将亲吻仿佛掷向敬拜的对象\n (1Ki 19:18; Ho 13:2)。
英文原文
27. enticed--away from God to idolatry.
kissed . . . hand--"adoration," literally means this. In worshipping they used to kiss the hand, and then throw the kiss, as it were, towards the object of worship
(1Ki 19:18; Ho 13:2).
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28. 摩西律法后来将敬虔之人自古至今对偶像崇拜当受司法刑罚的感受定为明文:因为这是对至高君王的叛逆
(De 13:9; 17:2-7; Eze 8:14-18)。
因此,本段并不能证明约伯生于摩西之后。
英文原文
28. The Mosaic law embodied subsequently the feeling of the godly from the earliest times against idolatry, as deserving judicial penalties: being treason against the Supreme King
(De 13:9; 17:2-7; Eze 8:14-18).
This passage therefore does not prove Job to have been subsequent to Moses.
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29. lifted up myself——怀着恶意的幸灾乐祸
(Pr 17:5; 24:17; Ps 7:4)。
英文原文
29. lifted up myself--in malicious triumph
(Pr 17:5; 24:17; Ps 7:4).
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30. mouth——字面作“上膛”。(参
Job 6:30)。
wishing——字面作“以致索求他(我仇敌)的灵魂”,即“借咒诅咒索其性命”。本节是括号内的补充,印证
Job 31:30。
约伯处于律法之前的应许时代,却实践了福音的灵——而这正是律法的归宿(试将
Le 19:18; De 23:6,
与 Mt 5:43, 44 相比)。
英文原文
30. mouth--literally, "palate." (See on
Job 6:30).
wishing--literally, "so as to demand his (my enemy's) soul," that is, "life by a curse." This verse parenthetically confirms
Job 31:30.
Job in the patriarchal age of the promise, anterior to the law, realizes the Gospel spirit, which was the end of the law (compare
Le 19:18; De 23:6, with Mt 5:43, 44).
31
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31. 即约伯的家人说:巴不得我们有约伯的仇敌可吞吃,不吞吃我们就不得满足!但约伯连报复的心愿也克制
(1Sa 26:8; 2Sa 16:9, 10)。
耶稣基督亦然
(Lu 9:54, 55)。
但更佳的译法(参
Job 31:32)是:“谁能指出(字面作‘给出’)那未曾因约伯所供的肉(食物)而满足的人?”他从不让一个穷人空手离开他的家门——必给他吃饱才罢。
英文原文
31. That is, Job's household said, Oh, that we had Job's enemy to devour, we cannot rest satisfied till we have! But Job refrained from even wishing revenge
(1Sa 26:8; 2Sa 16:9, 10).
So Jesus Christ
(Lu 9:54, 55).
But, better (see
Job 31:32),
translated, "Who can show (literally, give) the man who was not satisfied with the flesh (meat) provided by Job?" He never let a poor man leave his gate without giving him enough to eat.
32
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32. traveller——字面作“道路”,即行路的人;如此表达为要包括各式各样的人
(2Sa 12:4)。
英文原文
32. traveller--literally, "way," that is, wayfarers; so expressed to include all of every kind
(2Sa 12:4).
33
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33. Adam——UMBREIT 译作“如世人那样”
(Ho 6:7,
参旁注)。但英文译本更为自然。“隐藏”一词,与
Ge 3:8, 10
论亚当向神藏身所用的是同一个字。约伯在别处曾暗指洪水。故他很可能也知道人类堕落之事——因为连接亚当与亚伯拉罕(约在约伯时代)的,有玛土撒拉与闪这两个环节。亚当代表了堕落之人隐藏罪过的倾向
(Pr 28:13)。
约伯“没有将罪过藏在怀中”,是不向神隐藏;而“亚当”藏在隐密处,正相反,是向神隐藏。这恰好反驳了“如世人”的译法:因为世人最急于隐藏自己有罪的真相,乃是向同伴隐藏。MAGEE 为使与亚当的比较更精确,将我的“怀中”译作“隐密处”。
英文原文
33. Adam--translated by UMBREIT, "as men do"
(Ho 6:7,
where see Margin). But English Version is more natural. The very same word for "hiding" is used in
Ge 3:8, 10,
of Adam hiding himself from God. Job elsewhere alludes to the flood. So he might easily know of the fall, through the two links which connect Adam and Abraham (about Job's time), namely, Methuselah and Shem. Adam is representative of fallen man's propensity to concealment
(Pr 28:13).
It was from God that Job did not "hide his iniquity in his bosom," as on the contrary it was from God that "Adam" hid in his lurking-place. This disproves the translation, "as men"; for it is from their fellow men that "men" are chiefly anxious to hide their real character as guilty. MAGEE, to make the comparison with Adam more exact, for my "bosom" translates, "lurking-place."
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34. 更宜作,此乃
Job 31:33
的后半句(结论句):“那么就让我在大群众面前惊惶恐惧,让那藐视,云云,让我闭口不言(对一位素来在会中出众的爱国民而言,这是莫大的耻辱),不出家门”,云云。人既向神隐藏自己的罪,就当在众人面前被暴露出来——这是公义的报应
(2Sa 12:12)。
但约伯并未被如此暴露,反而在“众支派”(“家族”)的聚会中受敬重——这在他看来证明,神并未视他为有隐藏罪过的罪
(Job 24:16,
与
Job 29:21-25
相对照)。
英文原文
34. Rather, the apodosis to
Job 31:33,
"Then let me be fear-stricken before a great multitude, let the contempt, &c., let me keep silence (the greatest disgrace to a patriot, heretofore so prominent in assemblies), and not go out," &c. A just retribution that he who hides his sin from God, should have it exposed before man
(2Sa 12:12).
But Job had not been so exposed, but on the contrary was esteemed in the assemblies of the "tribes"--("families"); a proof, he implies, that God does not hold him guilty of hiding sin
(Job 24:16,
contrast with
Job 29:21-25).
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35. 约伯回到他的心愿
(Job 13:22; 19:23)。
删去“is”;“看哪,我的记号”,即我对刚才自辩之陈述的署记:签名的标记最初是一个十字;故有希伯来字母 Tau(形如 T)。又当译作:“惟愿全能者”,云云。他以“神”标明第一句中所指的“那一位”。
adversary——即与我争辩的那位,亦是指神。此处故意用得含糊,以表达“无论是谁在法庭上与我作对”——若是全能者,便是他。
had written a book——更宜作:“愿他写下他的控状。”
英文原文
35. Job returns to his wish
(Job 13:22; 19:23).
Omit "is"; "Behold my sign," that is, my mark of subscription to the statements just given in my defense: the mark of signature was originally a cross; and hence the letter Tau or T. Translate, also "Oh, that the Almighty," &c. He marks "God" as the "One" meant in the first clause.
adversary--that is, he who contends with me, refers also to God. The vagueness is designed to express "whoever it be that judicially opposes me"--the Almighty if it be He.
had written a book--rather, "would write down his charge."
36
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36. 他不仅不因惧怕而隐藏那对头的“答复”或“控状”,反而:
I would take it on my shoulders——作为公开的荣耀
(Isa 9:6)。
a crown——不是羞辱之记号,乃是尊荣之标志
(Isa 62:3)。
英文原文
36. So far from hiding the adversary's "answer" or "charge" through fear,
I would take it on my shoulders--as a public honor
(Isa 9:6).
a crown--not a mark of shame, but of distinction
(Isa 62:3).
37
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37. 无愧的良心在人前赐人君王般的尊严,在亲近神时赐人坦然无惧的自由。但这并非约伯之道
(Job 42:5, 6)
所能实现;唯有借着耶稣基督才能成就
(Heb 10:22)。
英文原文
37. A good conscience imparts a princely dignity before man and free assurance in approaching God. This can be realized, not in Job's way
(Job 42:5, 6);
but only through Jesus Christ
(Heb 10:22).
38
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38. 拟人化。被不义夺去产业之人的呼冤,转嫁到地土本身之上
(Job 31:20; Ge 4:10; Hab 2:11)。
我若不义地夺取地业
(Job 24:2; Isa 5:8)。
furrows——特别提及犁沟,暗示他意指:“我若不付给工人耕种的工价”;正如
Job 31:39
“我若不付给他收聚果实的工价”。如此,
Job 31:38, 39
四句之中,第一句与第四句同指一事,第二句与第三句以交错平行相连。试与
Jas 5:4
比较,该处明显暗引本段:将“万军之主”与此处
Job 31:26
相较。
英文原文
38. Personification. The complaints of the unjustly ousted proprietors are transferred to the lands themselves
(Job 31:20; Ge 4:10; Hab 2:11).
If I have unjustly acquired lands
(Job 24:2; Isa 5:8).
furrows--The specification of these makes it likely, he implies in this, "If I paid not the laborer for tillage"; as
Job 31:39,
"If I paid him not for gathering in the fruits." Thus of the four clauses in
Job 31:38, 39,
the first refers to the same subject as the fourth, the second is connected with the third by introverted parallelism. Compare
Jas 5:4,
which plainly alludes to this passage: compare "Lord of Sabaoth" with
Job 31:26
here.
39
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39. lose . . . life——非按字面,而是“骚扰至死”;直到他白白将地让给我为止[MAURER];如
Jud 16:16;
或作“使他因失去生计而衰残”[UMBREIT]
(1Ki 21:19)。
英文原文
39. lose . . . life--not literally, but "harassed to death"; until he gave me up his land gratis [MAURER]; as in
Jud 16:16;
"suffered him to languish" by taking away his means of living [UMBREIT]
(1Ki 21:19).
40
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40. thistles——或作荆棘、蒺藜。
cockle——字面作“有毒的杂草”。
The words . . . ended——即与朋友们的争辩就此结束。此后他在书中仍发言,却不再是向他们说的。按严谨的章法,本当以
Job 31:37
作结。但
Job 31:38-40
是心思激荡之人,即使到了惯常的停顿处,仍回到自己无辜的自觉——故自然附上;这就除去了人工修辞的痕迹。因此 EICHORN 将
Job 31:38-40
移至
Job 31:25
之后的做法,是完全站不住脚的。
英文原文
40. thistles--or brambles, thorns.
cockle--literally, "noxious weeds."
The words . . . ended--that is, in the controversy with the friends. He spoke in the book afterwards, but not to them. At
Job 31:37
would be the regular conclusion in strict art. But
Job 31:38-40
are naturally added by one whose mind in agitation recurs to its sense of innocence, even after it has come to the usual stopping point; this takes away the appearance of rhetorical artifice. Hence the transposition by EICHORN of
Job 31:38-40
to follow
Job 31:25
is quite unwarranted.
伯31:1-40。
1. 约伯进而证明自己本当得更好的境遇。正如在第二十九章中他表明自己作为族长（emir）或官长在公众生活中的正直，照样在本章中他为自己在私人生活中的品格辩护。
1-4. 他申明自己防备被感官引入罪中。
思想（think）——更当译作“抛出（贪欲的）目光”。他不但没有如此行，更借与自己的眼睛立约、不使自己陷入试探，将此事断绝于未然（箴6:25；太5:28）。