1
Job 36:1-33.
英文原文
Job 36:1-33.
1, 2. Elihu maintains that afflictions are to the godly disciplinary, in order to lead them to attain a higher moral worth, and that the reason for their continuance is not, as the friends asserted, on account of the sufferer's extraordinary guilt, but because the discipline has not yet attained its object, namely, to lend him to humble himself penitently before God
(Isa 9:13; Jer 5:3).
This is Elihu's fourth speech. He thus exceeds the ternary number of the others. Hence his formula of politeness
(Job 36:2).
Literally, "Wait yet but a little for me." Bear with me a little farther. I have yet (much,
Job 32:18-20).
There are Chaldeisms in this verse, agreeably to the view that the scene of the book is near the Euphrates and the Chaldees.
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3. 从远处（from afar）——不是陈腐的常谈，而是从神大能的作为中引出来的。
将……归义（ascribe righteousness）——约伯却将不义归给神（伯34:10、12）。人在查考神的作为时，一开始就当假定这一切都是公义的，乐意发现其为公义，并期待调查的结果必证明其为公义；这样的人绝不至失望[巴恩斯（BARNES）]。
英文原文
3. from afar--not trite commonplaces, but drawn from God's mighty works.
ascribe righteousness--whereas Job ascribed unrighteousness
(Job 34:10, 12).
A man, in enquiring into God's ways, should at the outset presume they are all just, be willing to find them so, and expect that the result of investigation will prove them to be so; such a one will never be disappointed [BARNES].
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4. 我不会“为神说弯曲的话”，像朋友们那样（伯13:4、7、8）——即不会以站不住的论证来为神辩护。
完全人……云云（he that is perfect, &c.）——更当照平行句的要求译作：“一个在心思上有正直的人与你同在”（即你所面对的就是他）。以利户指自己，以对比朋友们不诚实的推论（伯21:34）。
英文原文
4. I will not "speak wickedly for God," as the friends
(Job 13:4, 7, 8)
--that is, vindicate God by unsound arguments.
he that is perfect, &c.--Rather, as the parallelism requires, "a man of integrity in sentiments is with thee" (is he with whom thou hast to do). Elihu means himself, as opposed to the dishonest reasonings of the friends
(Job 21:34).
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5. 更当译作：“悟性（心）的力量”，即重复“大能”之意。神怎样大能，也没有人因太卑微而被祂“藐视”；因祂的“大能”尤其在于祂“悟性的力量”，借此祂查考最细微的事，使各人得其所应得的。以利户以此印证他的劝勉（伯35:14）。
英文原文
5. Rather, "strength of understanding" (heart) the force of the repetition of "mighty"; as "mighty" as God is, none is too low to be "despised" by Him; for His "might" lies especially in "His strength of understanding," whereby He searches out the most minute things, so as to give to each his right. Elihu confirms his exhortation
(Job 35:14).
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6. 义……穷人（right . . . poor）——祂为受苦之人主持公道。
英文原文
6. right . . . poor--He espouses the cause of the afflicted.
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7. （彼前3:12）。神并不离弃敬虔人，正如约伯所暗示的那样；祂反倒“坚立”他们，或使他们如君王般坐在宝座上（撒上2:8；诗113:7、8）。这在最高意义上对信徒是真实的，如今已经部分应验（彼前2:9；启1:6）；将来必完全应验（启5:10；伯22:5）。
他们也（and they are）——“使他们得以”。
英文原文
7.
(1Pe 3:12).
God does not forsake the godly, as Job implied, but "establishes," or makes them sit on the throne as kings
(1Sa 2:8; Ps 113:7, 8).
True of believers in the highest sense, already in part
(1Pe 2:9; Re 1:6);
hereafter fully
(Re 5:10; Job 22:5).
and they are--that they may be.
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8-10. 他们若受苦，并不能证明他们是假冒为善者（如朋友们所主张的），也不能证明神不顾念他们，不在乎人的善恶（如约伯所断言的）：神借此“管教他们”，并“向他们指明他们的罪”，他们若在神施杖之时以正当的灵降服，极大的福分便随之而来。
英文原文
8-10. If they be afflicted, it is no proof that they are hypocrites, as the friends maintain, or that God disregards them, and is indifferent whether men are good or bad, as Job asserts: God is thereby "disciplining them," and "showing them their sins," and if they bow in a right spirit under God's visiting hand, the greatest blessings ensue.
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9. 作为（work）——即过犯。
那……妄为（that . . . exceeded）——“因他们行事自恃为大”（原文作“大”）；即僭妄，或至少自信。
英文原文
9. work--transgression.
that . . . exceeded--"In that they behaved themselves mightily" (literally, "great"); that is, presumptuously, or, at least, self-confidently.
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10. （伯33:16-18、23）。
英文原文
10.
(Job 33:16-18, 23).
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11. 事奉（serve）——即敬拜；如赛19:23。当补“神”（参赛1:19、20）。
英文原文
11. serve--that is, worship; as in
Isa 19:23.
God is to be supplied (compare
Isa 1:19, 20).
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12.
(Job 33:18)。
without knowledge——即因他们的愚昧
(Job 4:20, 21)。
英文原文
12.
(Job 33:18).
without knowledge--that is, on account of their foolishness
(Job 4:20, 21).
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13-15. 与
Job 36:11, 12
同样的意思,在此加以扩充。
hypocrites——或译作不虔者[MAURER];但“伪君子”也许与公开作恶者
(Job 36:12)
是不同的类别。
heap up wrath——为自己积蓄神的忿怒
(Ro 2:5)。
UMBREIT 译作:“滋养他们对神的忿怒”,代替“向他呼求”。这颇符合平行结构及希伯来文。但英文译本也提供了良好的平行:“伪君子”对应于“不呼求”
(Job 27:8, 10);
“为自己积蓄忿怒”对应于“他给他们绑上”苦难的桎梏
(Job 36:8)。
英文原文
13-15. Same sentiment as
Job 36:11, 12,
expanded.
hypocrites--or, the ungodly [MAURER]; but "hypocrites" is perhaps a distinct class from the openly wicked
(Job 36:12).
heap up wrath--of God against themselves
(Ro 2:5).
UMBREIT translates, "nourish their wrath against God," instead of "crying" unto Him. This suits well the parallelism and the Hebrew. But the English Version gives a good parallelism, "hypocrites" answering to "cry not"
(Job 27:8, 10);
"heap up wrath" against themselves, to "He bindeth them" with fetters of affliction
(Job 36:8).
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14. 更宜译作
(De 23:17)
他们的生命如(字面作“在……中间”)娼妓之生命——早夭而蒙羞。照样,第二句与首句相对应。这是警告约伯不要与恶人同流\n (Job 34:36)。
英文原文
14. Rather
(De 23:17),
Their life is (ended) as that of (literally, "among") the unclean, prematurely and dishonorably. So the second clause answers to the first. A warning that Job make not common cause with the wicked
(Job 34:36).
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15. poor——受苦的虔敬者。
openeth . . . ears——见
(Job 36:10);
使他们在艰难(“欺压”)之中受警戒,以悔改之心寻求神,从而“得救”\n (Job 33:16, 17, 23-27)。
英文原文
15. poor--the afflicted pious.
openeth . . . ears--
(Job 36:10);
so as to be admonished in their straits ("oppression") to seek God penitently, and so be "delivered"
(Job 33:16, 17, 23-27).
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16. 更宜译作:“他也必领你出离窄口”\n (Ps 18:19; 118:5)。
broad place——表示自由;供应充盈的“筵席”表示兴盛者的丰盛\n (Ps 23:5; Isa 25:6)。
英文原文
16. Rather, "He will lead forth thee also out of the jaws of a strait"
(Ps 18:19; 118:5).
broad place--expresses the liberty, and the well-supplied "table" the abundance of the prosperous
(Ps 23:5; Isa 25:6).
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17. 更宜译作:“但若你被充满(即完全充满)于恶人的审判(即招审判的罪咎[MAURER];或更宜如 UMBREIT,指\n Job 34:5-7, 36,
有罪者在灾难中对神所下的判断),审判(神对恶人的审判,\n Jer 51:9,
“审判”一词在此双关运用)与公正必紧密相继[UMBREIT]。
英文原文
17. Rather, "But if thou art fulfilled (that is, entirely filled) with the judgment of the wicked (that is, the guilt incurring judgment" [MAURER]; or rather, as UMBREIT, referring to
Job 34:5-7, 36,
the judgment pronounced on God by the guilty in misfortunes), judgment (God's judgment on the wicked,
Jer 51:9,
playing on the double meaning of "judgment") and justice shall closely follow each other [UMBREIT].
18
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18.
(Nu 16:45; Ps 49:6, 7; Mt 16:26)。
连耶稣基督的“赎价”\n (Job 33:24)
对故意轻视者也无济于事\n (Heb 10:26-29)。
with his stroke——见\n (Job 34:26)。
UMBREIT 译作:“当心神的怒气(你严厉的灾难)*引你讥诮”\n (Job 34:7; 27:23)。
这与平行句中的动词更为吻合;该动词当译作:“不要让那(你所能献上的)大赎价(金钱)诱惑你(旁注:使你偏离,仿佛你能借它救自己脱离‘怒气’。首句中的‘讥诮’对应于‘恶人的审判’\n (Job 36:17),
照样‘赎价’(‘诱惑’)对应于‘他岂能看重财富’\n (Job 36:19)。
如此,\n Job 36:18
是\n Job 36:17
与\n Job 36:19
之间的过渡。
英文原文
18.
(Nu 16:45; Ps 49:6, 7; Mt 16:26).
Even the "ransom" by Jesus Christ
(Job 33:24)
will be of no avail to wilful despisers
(Heb 10:26-29).
with his stroke--
(Job 34:26).
UMBREIT translates, "Beware lest the wrath of God (thy severe calamity) lead thee to scorn"
(Job 34:7; 27:23).
This accords better with the verb in the parallel clause, which ought to be translated, "Let not the great ransom (of money, which thou canst give) seduce thee (Margin, turn thee aside, as if thou couldst deliver thyself from "wrath" by it). As the "scorn" in the first clause answers to the "judgment of the wicked"
(Job 36:17),
so "ransom" ("seduce") to "will he esteem riches"
(Job 36:19).
Thus,
Job 36:18
is the transition between
Job 36:17 and Job 36:19.
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19. forces of strength——即财富的资源\n (Ps 49:7; Pr 11:4)。
英文原文
19. forces of strength--that is, resources of wealth
(Ps 49:7; Pr 11:4).
20
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20. Desire——喘息切望。约伯愿求死\n (Job 3:3-9,
等)。
night——见\n (Joh 9:4)。
when——更宜作:“借此”。
cut off——字面作“升起”,如被割下并被举到车上或禾堆上的谷物\n (Job 36:26);
故“被剪除”、“消失”。
in their place——字面作“在自己以下”;即不离本处,当场,骤然\n (Job 40:12)
[MAURER]。UMBREIT 的译法:“上升(其实,你将发觉那是出于代价的下降)到下面的民”(字面作“在自己以下”),更符合平行结构与希伯来文。你以死为可慕而切望,但它乃是“夜”或黑暗之境;你所想象的上升(好转)将证明是下降(恶化)\n (Job 10:22);
所以不要渴慕它。
英文原文
20. Desire--pant for. Job had wished for death
(Job 3:3-9, &c.).
night--
(Joh 9:4).
when--rather, "whereby."
cut off--literally, "ascend," as the corn cut and lifted upon the wagon or stack
(Job 36:26);
so "cut off," "disappear."
in their place--literally, "under themselves"; so, without moving from their place, on the spot, suddenly
(Job 40:12)
[MAURER]. UMBREIT'S translation: "To ascend (which is really, as thou wilt find to thy cost, to descend) to the people below" (literally, "under themselves"), answers better to the parallelism and the Hebrew. Thou pantest for death as desirable, but it is a "night" or region of darkness; thy fancied ascent (amelioration) will prove a descent (deterioration)
(Job 10:22);
therefore desire it not.
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21. regard——字面作“转向”。
iniquity——即狂妄地向神发言\n (Job 34:5,
及上文,见\n Job 36:17, 18)。
rather than——以敬虔的忍耐忍受“苦难”。人以为向神抱怨是一种纾解,但这乃是罪上加愁;真正能害我们的是罪,不是愁(与\n Heb 11:25
相反)。
英文原文
21. regard--literally, "turn thyself to."
iniquity--namely, presumptuous speaking against God
(Job 34:5,
and above, see on
Job 36:17, 18).
rather than--to bear "affliction" with pious patience. Men think it an alleviation to complain against God, but this is adding sin to sorrow; it is sin, not sorrow, which can really hurt us (contrast
Heb 11:25).
22
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22-25. 神不应被不虔地传讯,而当为他在其作为中所显的大能受颂赞。
exalteth——更宜作:行高之事,显出他那高超的能力[UMBREIT]\n (Ps 21:13)。
teacheth——见\n (Ps 94:12,
等)。连贯之意为:回到\n Job 36:5,
神的“大能”显于他的“智慧”;惟独他能教导;然而,他既为君主,并不解释他一切作为,约伯竟敢教导他\n (Isa 40:13, 14; Ro 11:34; 1Co 2:16)。
故过渡到\n Job 36:23
甚为自然。UMBREIT 随七十士译本译作“谁是主”,错误,因这意义属于后期希伯来文。
英文原文
22-25. God is not to be impiously arraigned, but to be praised for His might, shown in His works.
exalteth--rather, doeth lofty things, shows His exalted power [UMBREIT]
(Ps 21:13).
teacheth--
(Ps 94:12,
&c.). The connection is, returning to
Job 36:5,
God's "might" is shown in His "wisdom"; He alone can teach; yet, because He, as a sovereign, explains not all His dealings, forsooth Job must presume to teach Him
(Isa 40:13, 14; Ro 11:34; 1Co 2:16).
So the transition to
Job 36:23
is natural. UMBREIT with the Septuagint translates, "Who is Lord," wrongly, as this meaning belongs to later Hebrew.
23
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23. 约伯竟敢向神派定他当行的事\n (Job 34:10, 13)。
英文原文
23. Job dared to prescribe to God what He should do
(Job 34:10, 13).
24
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24. 不要审问,当以颂扬神在其作为中作为你固定不变的原则\n (Ps 111:2-8; Re 15:3);
这些众人都能“看见”的作为,可说服我们:我们所看不见的全然智慧良善\n (Ro 1:20)。
behold——正如“看”\n (Job 36:25)
所示;不是如 MAURER 所说“歌唱”、“颂赞”(见\n Job 33:27)。
英文原文
24. Instead of arraigning, let it be thy fixed principle to magnify God in His works
(Ps 111:2-8; Re 15:3);
these, which all may "see," may convince us that what we do not see is altogether wise and good
(Ro 1:20).
behold--As "see"
(Job 36:25),
shows; not, as MAURER, "sing," laud (see on
Job 33:27).
25
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25. See——即以惊叹的仰慕而看[MAURER]。
man may behold——更宜作:“(然而)凡人(与‘人’不同之希伯来文词)只能从远处看它”,只见一小“部分”\n (Job 26:14)。
英文原文
25. See--namely, with wondering admiration [MAURER].
man may behold--rather, "(yet) mortals (a different Hebrew word from 'man') behold it (only) from afar off," see but a small "part"
(Job 26:14).
26
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26.
(Job 37:13)。
神在天地间的大作为:是约伯当在神施苦的手下低头的理由。
know him not——只是部分地认识\n (Job 36:25; 1Co 13:12)。
his years——见\n (Ps 90:2; 102:24, 27);
应用于耶稣基督\n (Heb 1:12)。
英文原文
26.
(Job 37:13).
God's greatness in heaven and earth: a reason why Job should bow under His afflicting hand.
know him not--only in part
(Job 36:25; 1Co 13:12).
his years--
(Ps 90:2; 102:24, 27);
applied to Jesus Christ
(Heb 1:12).
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27, 28. 雨的奇妙形成(如\n Job 5:9, 10)。
maketh small——更宜作:“他拉(上)到自己那里,他吸引(从下方地上)水滴;它们(水滴)倾下大雨,(那)是他的蒸汽。”“蒸汽”与“雨”同位,标明雨形成的方式;即从被神吸上空中、然后凝结成滴、坠下的蒸汽而来\n (Ps 147:8)。
如此大量的水悬于空中,且不以致洪之势降下,而以蒸汽雨之滴降下,正是奇妙之处。选取这一神之伟大的特别例证,恰为神在其中显现的风暴作前奏\n (Job 40:1)。
英文原文
27, 28. The marvellous formation of rain (so
Job 5:9, 10).
maketh small--Rather, "He draweth (up) to Him, He attracts (from the earth below) the drops of water; they (the drops of water) pour down rain, (which is) His vapor." "Vapor" is in apposition with "rain," marking the way in which rain is formed; namely, from the vapor drawn up by God into the air and then condensed into drops, which fall
(Ps 147:8).
The suspension of such a mass of water, and its descent not in a deluge, but in drops of vapory rain, are the marvel. The selection of this particular illustration of God's greatness forms a fit prelude to the storm in which God appears
(Job 40:1).
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28. abundantly——字面作“降在许多人身上”。
英文原文
28. abundantly--literally, "upon many men."
29
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29.
(Job 37:5)。
神在雷轰闪电中的奇事。
spreadings, 云云——即暴雨时遮蔽天空的厚云帷幕
(Ps 105:39)。
the noise——“崩裂声”;即雷声。
of his tabernacle——诗意地说,神以暗云为他的帐幕
(Ps 18:11; Isa 40:22)。
英文原文
29.
(Job 37:5).
God's marvels in thunder and lightnings.
spreadings, &c.--the canopy of thick clouds, which covers the heavens in a storm
(Ps 105:39).
the noise--"crashing"; namely, thunder.
of his tabernacle--God being poetically said to have His pavilion amid dark clouds
(Ps 18:11; Isa 40:22).
30
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30. light——闪电。
it——他的帐幕
(Job 36:29)。
光在瞬间铺满大片乌云,构成一幅壮观的图画。
spread——重复自
Job 36:29,
以形成对偶:“他铺张的不仅是云,也是光。”
covereth the bottom——根部。
of the sea——即以光覆盖。在暴风中,海洋的深处都裸露出来;光在“铺张”于乌云之间的同一刻,也“覆盖”在其上。故
Ps 18:14, 15
中,“露出水底”紧随“闪电”之后。UMBREIT 译作:“他将自己的光铺张在自己身上,又以海的根部遮蔽自己
(Ps 104:2)。
神的外衣是以天上之光与升到高空成其云幕的水之深渊织成。“以海的根部遮蔽自己”这话虽生硬,意象却宏大。
英文原文
30. light--lightning.
it--His tabernacle
(Job 36:29).
The light, in an instant spread over the vast mass of dark clouds, forms a striking picture.
spread--is repeated from
Job 36:29
to form an antithesis. "He spreads not only clouds, but light."
covereth the bottom--roots.
of the sea--namely, with the light. In the storm the depths of ocean are laid bare; and the light "covers" them, at the same moment that it "spreads" across the dark sky. So in
Ps 18:14, 15,
the discovering of "the channels of waters" follows the "lightnings." UMBREIT translates: "He spreadeth His light upon Himself, and covereth Himself with the roots of the sea"
(Ps 104:2).
God's garment is woven of celestial light and of the watery depths, raised to the sky to form His cloudy canopy. The phrase, "cover Himself with the roots of the sea," is harsh; but the image is grand.
31
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31. 这些(雨与闪电)虽奇妙而不可测透
(Job 36:29),
却是必需的。“因为借它们他审判(一方面借以责罚),云云(另一方面又借它们)赐粮食(食物)”,云云。
(Job 37:13; 38:23, 27; Ac 14:17)。
英文原文
31. These (rain and lightnings) are marvellous and not to be understood
(Job 36:29),
yet necessary. "For by them He judgeth (chastiseth on the one hand), &c. (and on the other, by them) He giveth meat" (food), &c.
(Job 37:13; 38:23, 27; Ac 14:17).
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32. 更宜作:“他以光(闪电,
Job 37:3,
旁注)遮盖(两只)手,又命令它去攻击他的仇敌”(字面作“攻击他”的那位,
Ps 8:2; 139:20; Job 21:19)。
这样,正如
Job 36:31
陈述了他诸水的两面功效,此处则陈述他光的两面功效:一手是毁灭恶人的闪电,另一手是赐恩光滋润朋友的温和之光,云云。
(Job 36:33)
[UMBREIT]。
英文原文
32. Rather, "He covereth (both) His hands with light (lightning,
Job 37:3,
Margin), and giveth it a command against his adversary" (literally, the one "assailing" Him,
Ps 8:2; 139:20; Job 21:19).
Thus, as in
Job 36:31,
the twofold effects of His waters are set forth, so here, of His light; in the one hand, destructive lightning against the wicked; in the other, the genial light for good to His friends, &c.
(Job 36:33)
[UMBREIT].
33
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33. noise——更宜作:他将它(字面作“宣告关于它的事”)向他的朋友揭示(与仇敌相对,
Job 36:32;
希伯来文此字在
Job 2:11
即如此译);
也向牲畜与植物(字面作“那发出来的”;
Ge 40:10; 41:22)。
正如
Job 36:31
提到“水”使食物生长的温润之效,此处则提到“光”对牲畜与植物的滋养[UMBREIT]。若保留英文译本的“noise(响声)”,则译作:“他的响声(雷鸣)宣告他(在暴风中)来临,牲畜也宣告他正兴起之时(在风暴中)。”有些动物对风暴的来临会作出种种反应,显明它们有所知觉[VIRGIL,《农事诗》,I.373 等]。
英文原文
33. noise--rather, He revealeth it (literally, "announceth concerning it") to His friend (antithesis to adversary,
Job 36:32,
so the Hebrew is translated,
Job 2:11);
also to cattle and plants (literally, "that which shooteth up";
Ge 40:10; 41:22).
As the genial effect of "water" in the growth of food, is mentioned,
Job 36:31,
so here that of "light" in cherishing cattle and plants [UMBREIT]. If English Version, "noise" be retained, translate, "His noise (thunder) announces concerning Him (His coming in the tempest), the cattle (to announce) concerning Him when He is in the act of rising up" (in the storm). Some animals give various intimations that they are sensible of the approach of a storm [VIRGIL, Georgics, I.373, &c.].
伯36:1-33。
1、2. 以利户主张：苦难对敬虔人而言是管教性的，为要引导他们达到更高的道德价值；其之所以持续，并非如朋友们所说的那样是因为受苦者罪大恶极，而是因为这管教尚未达到其目的，即引导他在神面前悔改自卑（赛9:13；耶5:3）。
这是以利户的第四次发言。他如此便超越了其他人的“三”之数目。故此他用了礼貌的措辞（伯36:2），原文直译作：“再稍等我片刻。”请再多宽容我一点。我还有（许多话，伯32:18-20）。本节中有迦勒底语（Chaldeism）的痕迹，与本书场景在幼发拉底河与迦勒底附近的看法相符。