1
Jos 1:1-18.
英文原文
Jos 1:1-18.
THE LORD APPOINTS JOSHUA TO SUCCEED MOSES.
1. Now after the death of Moses--Joshua, having been already appointed and designated leader of Israel
(Nu 27:18-23),
in all probability assumed the reins of government immediately "after the death of Moses."
the servant of the Lord--This was the official title of Moses as invested with a special mission to make known the will of God; and it conferred great honor and authority.
the Lord spake unto Joshua--probably during the period of public mourning, and either by a direct revelation to the mind of Joshua, or by means of Urim and Thummim
(Nu 27:21).
This first communication gave a pledge that the divine instructions which, according to the provisions of the theocracy, had been imparted to Moses, would be continued to the new leader, though God might not perhaps speak to him "mouth to mouth"
(Nu 12:8).
Joshua--The original name, Oshea,
(Nu 13:8),
which had been, according to Eastern usage, changed like those of Abram and Sarai
(Ge 17:5-15)
into Jehoshua or Joshua (that is, "God's salvation") was significant of the services he was to render, and typified those of a greater Saviour
(Heb 4:8).
Moses' minister--that is, his official attendant, who, from being constantly employed in important services and early initiated into the principles of the government, would be well trained for undertaking the leadership of Israel.
2
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2-9. 现在你要起来，和众百姓过这约但河——约书亚的使命是作军事统帅。本段记录了他蒙召开始这项工作，其中的话字字重复了向摩西所发的应许
(申 11:24、25；31:6-8、23)。
英文原文
2-9. now therefore arise, go over this Jordan--Joshua's mission was that of a military leader. This passage records his call to begin the work, and the address contains a literal repetition of the promise made to Moses
(De 11:24, 25; 31:6-8, 23).
3
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3、4. 凡你们脚掌所踏之地，我都……赐给你们了——当然，所指并非普世的统治权，而是限定在此处所划疆界之内的地方
(参
申 19:8)。
英文原文
3, 4. Every place that the sole of your foot shall tread upon that have I given you--meaning, of course, not universal dominion, but only the territory comprised within the boundaries here specified (see on
De 19:8).
4
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4. 赫人的全地——赫人居住在迦南的南端，是迦南诸族中为首的一支。他们势力强盛、疆域辽阔，这从亚述碑文中所称 Khita 之名可见，更屡见于埃及第十八、十九王朝的碑铭之中。约书亚的百姓素来对那庞然巨族心怀惊惧；如今神既应许他们必得「赫人的全地」，这话对于约书亚该是何等的激励、何等的振奋！
英文原文
4. all the land of the Hittites--These occupied the southern extremities and were the dominant tribe of Canaan. Their superior power and the extent of their dominions are attested by the mention of them under the name of Khita, on the Assyrian inscriptions, and still more frequently on the Egyptian inscriptions of the eighteenth and nineteenth Dynasties. What life and encouragement must have been imparted to Joshua by the assurance that his people, who had been overwhelmed with fear of that gigantic race, were to possess "all the land of the Hittites"!
5
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5-9. 你平生的日子，必无一人能在你面前站立得住——迦南既是神所赐，在约书亚即将率民进入此地之际，神又重新确认这一恩赐，便意味着征服不仅是必然的，更是轻易的。然而值得注意的是，他的勇气与得胜的指望，竟系于他对神律法坚定不渝的持守
(参
申 17:18)，
那不仅是关乎灭绝迦南人的律例，而是全部的神圣律典。
英文原文
5-9. There shall not any man be able to stand before thee--Canaan was theirs by a divine grant; and the renewed confirmation of that grant to Joshua when about to lead the people into it, intimated not only a certain but an easy conquest. It is remarkable, however, that his courage and hope of victory were made to depend (see on
De 17:18)
on his firm and inflexible adherence to the law of God, not only that regarding the extirpation of the Canaanites, but the whole divine code.
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10-18. 于是约书亚吩咐百姓的官长说——这些官长就是 Shoterim
(参
出 5:6；
申 20:5)。
英文原文
10-18. Then Joshua commanded the officers of the people--These were the Shoterim (see on
Ex 5:6;
De 20:5).
11
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11-13. 吩咐百姓说：你们要预备食物——不是吗哪，吗哪虽仍在降下，却不能久存；而是谷物、羊只，以及可在已征服之地获得的各样食品。
因为三日之内你们要过这约旦河——即第三日，按希伯来文的用法——这是给他们预备的期限，好在亚伯什亭的营盘起行、移往河边那无物可食的旷野岸边之前，把所需办妥。与此同时，约书亚亲自召集那已定居约旦河东的两个半支派，提醒他们当初的应许
(民 32:1-42)——
要协助弟兄征服迦南西部。他们乐意履行所许的愿，回答约书亚时所用的言辞，充分显出他们在如此紧要关头那爱国敬虔的心肠。
英文原文
11-13. command the people, saying, Prepare you victuals--not manna, which, though it still fell, would not keep; but corn, sheep, and articles of food procurable in the conquered countries.
for within three days ye shall pass over this Jordan--that is, the third day, according to Hebrew idiom--the time allotted for getting ready before the encampment in Abel-Shittim broke up and they removed to the desert bank of the river where no victuals were available. At the same time Joshua himself convened the two and a half tribes which had settled east of Jordan, to remind them of their promise
(Nu 32:1-42)
to assist their brethren in the conquest of western Canaan. Their readiness to redeem their pledge and the terms in which they answered the appeal of Joshua displayed to great advantage their patriotic and pious feelings at so interesting a crisis.
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14. 你们要……带着兵器过去——意即在五位首领率领下，按古时通行、为人称许的商队次序编组成队
(参
出 13:18)。
一切大能的勇士——这话不可严格地解作全部，而只是指战士中的精锐和精选
(参
书 4:12)。
英文原文
14. ye shall pass . . . armed--that is, officered or marshalled under five leaders in the old and approved caravan order (see on
Ex 13:18).
all the mighty men of valour--The words are not to be interpreted strictly as meaning the whole, but only the flower or choice of the fighting men (see on
Jos 4:12).
约书亚记 1:1-18。
耶和华任命约书亚接续摩西
1. 耶和华的仆人摩西死了以后——约书亚此前已被任命并指定为以色列的领袖
(民 27:18-23)，
极可能就在摩西死后立即接管了政权。
耶和华的仆人——这是摩西的正式头衔，表明他受托担负特殊使命，要显明神的旨意；这头衔也赋予他极大的尊荣与权柄。
耶和华晓谕约书亚——大概是在公开哀悼的期间，或是借直接启示临到约书亚的心，或是借乌陵与土明
(民 27:21)。
这头一次的启示是一个保证：按照神政体制的安排，原先赐给摩西的神圣指示，必将延续给这位新任领袖，尽管神未必像"面对面"
(民 12:8)
那样与他说话。
约书亚——他原名叫何西阿
(民 13:8)，
按照东方的惯例被改名为耶和书亚或约书亚（即"神的救恩"），正如亚伯兰和撒莱
(创 17:5-15)
的改名一样。这名字预示他将要完成的使命，也预表了那位更伟大的拯救者
(来 4:8)
所成的工。
摩西的帮手——即他的正式侍从，因常常受派办理重要事务，并早早就被引入政务的原则之中，所以必受过良好的训练，足以承担带领以色列人的重任。