1
Jos 24:1.
英文原文
Jos 24:1.
JOSHUA ASSEMBLING THE TRIBES.
1. Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel to Shechem--Another and final opportunity of dissuading the people against idolatry is here described as taken by the aged leader, whose solicitude on this account arose from his knowledge of the extreme readiness of the people to conform to the manners of the surrounding nations. This address was made to the representatives of the people convened at Shechem, and which had already been the scene of a solemn renewal of the covenant
(Jos 8:30, 35).
The transaction now to be entered upon being in principle and object the same, it was desirable to give it all the solemn impressiveness which might be derived from the memory of the former ceremonial, as well as from other sacred associations of the place
(Ge 12:6, 7; 33:18-20; 35:2-4).
they presented themselves before God--It is generally assumed that the ark of the covenant had been transferred on this occasion to Shechem; as on extraordinary emergencies it was for a time removed
(Jud 20:1-18; 1Sa 4:3; 2Sa 15:24).
But the statement, not necessarily implying this, may be viewed as expressing only the religious character of the ceremony [HENGSTENBERG].
2
Jos 24:2-13.
约书亚记 24:2-13。
述说神的恩惠
2. 约书亚对众民说——他的话简略回顾了从亚伯拉罕蒙召到他们安然定居应许之地期间，神向以色列人所施恩惠的主要证据；这向他们表明，他们之能成为一国并享有特殊的特权，并非因自己有什么功劳，而是出于神白白的恩典。
你们的列祖在大河那边——即幼发拉底大河，亦即在吾珥。
亚伯拉罕的父亲他拉，和拿鹤的父亲—— （参 创 11:27）。
他拉虽有三个儿子，这里只提拿鹤与亚伯拉罕同列，因为以色列人从母系而言，是借着利百加和她的两个外甥女利亚、拉结，由拿鹤而出。
事奉别神——他们像拉班一样，把对真神的传统认识与家中使用有形偶像的事并在一起
(创 31:19、34)。
英文原文
Jos 24:2-13.
RELATES GOD'S BENEFITS.
2. Joshua said unto all the people--His address briefly recapitulated the principal proofs of the divine goodness to Israel from the call of Abraham to their happy establishment in the land of promise; it showed them that they were indebted for their national existence as well as their peculiar privileges, not to any merits of their own, but to the free grace of God.
Your fathers dwelt on the other side of the flood--The Euphrates, namely, at Ur.
Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nachor--(see
Ge 11:27).
Though Terah had three sons, Nahor only is mentioned with Abraham, as the Israelites were descended from him on the mother's side through Rebekah and her nieces, Leah and Rachel.
served other gods--conjoining, like Laban, the traditional knowledge of the true God with the domestic use of material images
(Ge 31:19, 34).
3
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3. 我将你们的父亲亚伯拉罕从大河那边带来，领他走遍迦南全地——是神圣恩典一股不可抗拒的感动，引领这位先祖离开本族本土，迁往迦南，在那地作「客旅和寄居的」。
英文原文
3. I took your father Abraham from the other side of the flood, and led him throughout all the land of Canaan--It was an irresistible impulse of divine grace which led the patriarch to leave his country and relatives, to migrate to Canaan, and live a "stranger and pilgrim" in that land.
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4. 我把西珥山赐给以扫——
(参
创 36:8)。
这样，他就不致成为雅各及其后裔独得迦南为业的障碍。
英文原文
4. I gave unto Esau mount Seir--(See on
Ge 36:8).
In order that he might be no obstacle to Jacob and his posterity being the exclusive heirs of Canaan.
12
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12. 我打发黄蜂在你们前面——一种特殊的胡蜂，在炎热之地成群结队，有时竟成瘟疫般的祸患；或者如许多人所认为的，这是不可抑制之惊恐的比喻说法
(参
出 23:28)。
英文原文
12. I sent the hornet before you--a particular species of wasp which swarms in warm countries and sometimes assumes the scourging character of a plague; or, as many think, it is a figurative expression for uncontrollable terror (see on
Ex 23:28).
14
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14-28. 现在你们要敬畏耶和华，诚心实意地事奉他——约书亚既已列举了许多当向神感恩的理由，便呼召他们公开而庄严地表明，是否愿意忠心顺服以色列的神。他表明这是他自己坚定不移的决心，并劝勉他们，若真心要作同样的宣告，便当「除掉他们中间的外邦神」——这一要求似乎暗示，有人被怀疑仍对偶像崇拜念念不忘，或在暗中奉行；无论是其迦勒底祖先拜星辰、拜火的萨比教，还是迦南人更粗鄙的迷信，都是如此。
英文原文
14-28. Now therefore fear the Lord, and serve him in sincerity and in truth--After having enumerated so many grounds for national gratitude, Joshua calls on them to declare, in a public and solemn manner, whether they will be faithful and obedient to the God of Israel. He avowed this to be his own unalterable resolution, and urged them, if they were sincere in making a similar avowal, "to put away the strange gods that were among them"--a requirement which seems to imply that some were suspected of a strong hankering for, or concealed practice of, the idolatry, whether in the form of Zabaism, the fire-worship of their Chaldean ancestors, or the grosser superstitions of the Canaanites.
26
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26. 约书亚将这些话写在神的律法书上——把那日庄严立约的誓词，记入圣史之中。
取了一块大石头——按古时的惯例，立石柱为公开大事的记念。
立在橡树下——或作笃耨香树，很可能是当年雅各在其根下埋藏家中偶像和符物的那一棵。
在耶和华的圣所旁边——这或是约柜曾停放之处，或是其周围之地；此名乃因那次宗教聚集而得，正如雅各称伯特利为神的家一样。
英文原文
26. Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God--registered the engagements of that solemn covenant in the book of sacred history.
took a great stone--according to the usage of ancient times to erect stone pillars as monuments of public transactions.
set it up there under an oak--or terebinth, in all likelihood, the same as that at the root of which Jacob buried the idols and charms found in his family.
that was by the sanctuary of the Lord--either the spot where the ark had stood, or else the place around, so called from that religious meeting, as Jacob named Beth-el the house of God.
29
Jos 24:29, 30.
书 24:29、30。
他的寿数与离世
29、30. 约书亚……死了——据赖特夫（LIGHTFOOT）计算，他在进入迦南后又活了十七年；也有人算为二十七年。他按犹太人的习俗，葬于自己产业的范围之内。他长久以来为以色列所立的卓著功绩，以及他在各支派中所散布的丰厚家庭安乐与国家繁荣，深为人感、广受公认；倘若当时风俗如此，全地各处必立即立起雕像或方尖碑来纪念他。史家为他所作的简短却崇高的墓志铭是：约书亚，「耶和华的仆人」。
英文原文
Jos 24:29, 30.
HIS AGE AND DEATH.
29, 30. Joshua . . . died--LIGHTFOOT computes that he lived seventeen, others twenty-seven years, after the entrance into Canaan. He was buried, according to the Jewish practice, within the limits of his own inheritance. The eminent public services he had long rendered to Israel and the great amount of domestic comfort and national prosperity he had been instrumental in diffusing among the several tribes, were deeply felt, were universally acknowledged; and a testimonial in the form of a statue or obelisk would have been immediately raised to his honor, in all parts of the land, had such been the fashion of the times. The brief but noble epitaph by the historian is, Joshua, "the servant of the Lord."
31
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31. 约书亚在世的日子，以色列人事奉耶和华——这位杰出领袖那崇高刚正的品格，给他同时代人的心思与风尚定下了如此鲜明的格调；他火热敬虔和诸多美德的长久记忆，又如此鲜活地铭刻在百姓心中，以致圣史特此记下，作为他永垂不朽的荣耀。「约书亚在世的日子，以及那些比约书亚活得长久的长老在世的日子，以色列人都事奉耶和华。」
英文原文
31. Israel served the Lord all the days of Joshua--The high and commanding character of this eminent leader had given so decided a tone to the sentiments and manners of his contemporaries and the memory of his fervent piety and many virtues continued so vividly impressed on the memories of the people, that the sacred historian has recorded it to his immortal honor. "Israel served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that overlived Joshua."
32
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32. 约瑟的骸骨——以色列人在旷野一切迁徙之中都带着这些可敬的遗骸，并按约瑟临终的遗命，把安葬之事推迟到进入应许之地后才举行。盛着他熏尸的石棺由以色列人带到此地，大概在以法莲支派得地定居之时，或在本章所记这庄严聚会之时埋葬。
在雅各……用一百块银子向……买的那块地里——译作「块银子」的 Kestitah，据认为是「一只羊羔」之意，因砝码的形制为羊羔或小山羊，这在游牧之民中很可能最早被用作价值的标准。今日覆盖该处的坟墓，是一座回教的 Welce；但我们没有理由怀疑，约瑟遗骸这珍贵的安葬之物，至今仍可能藏于其下。
英文原文
32. the bones of Joseph--They had carried these venerable relics with them in all their migrations through the desert, and deferred the burial, according to the dying charge of Joseph himself, till they arrived in the promised land. The sarcophagus, in which his mummied body had been put, was brought thither by the Israelites, and probably buried when the tribe of Ephraim had obtained their settlement, or at the solemn convocation described in this chapter.
in a parcel of ground which Jacob bought . . . for an hundred pieces of silver--Kestitah translated, "piece of silver," is supposed to mean "a lamb," the weights being in the form of lambs or kids, which were, in all probability, the earliest standard of value among pastoral people. The tomb that now covers the spot is a Mohammedan Welce, but there is no reason to doubt that the precious deposit of Joseph's remains may be concealed there at the present time.
33
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33. 亚伦的儿子以利亚撒死了，他们就把他葬在……以法莲山地——其墓在今 Awertah 村，据犹太旅行者所述，那里还有以他玛、非尼哈之子（以利亚撒之兄弟）的坟墓 [VAN DE VELDE]。
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Robert Jamieson、A. R. Fausset、David Brown
《圣经全景评注》（Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible）（1871）
增补、勘误和评语请寄 编者
英文原文
33. Eleazar the son of Aaron died, and they buried him in . . . mount Ephraim--The sepulchre is at the modern village Awertah, which, according to Jewish travellers, contains the graves also of Ithamar, the brother of Phinehas, the son of Eleazar [VAN DE VELDE].
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Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
Send Addenda, Corrigenda, and Sententiae to the editor
约书亚记 24:1。
约书亚召集众支派
1. 约书亚将以色列的众支派聚集在示剑——这里记述这位年迈的领袖再一次、也是最后一次抓住机会劝阻百姓不可拜偶像；他之所以为此挂心，是因深知百姓极易随从四围列国的风俗。这番话是对聚集在示剑的百姓代表讲的，而示剑早已是一次庄重更新圣约的所在
(书 8:30、35)。
如今要进行的这件事，在原则上和目的上都与那次相同，因此借前次典礼的回忆以及那地的其他神圣联想
(创 12:6、7；33:18-20；35:2-4)，
来赋予其庄严的感染力，是再相宜不过了。
他们就站在神面前——一般假定约柜这一次被迁到了示剑；因为在非常时期，约柜曾被暂时移往别处
(士 20:1-18； 撒上 4:3； 撒下 15:24)。
但这话不一定含有此意，可看作只是表达这次典礼的宗教性质〔亨斯登伯〕。