1
Jos 24:1.
英文原文
Jos 24:1.
JOSHUA ASSEMBLING THE TRIBES.
1. Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel to Shechem--Another and final opportunity of dissuading the people against idolatry is here described as taken by the aged leader, whose solicitude on this account arose from his knowledge of the extreme readiness of the people to conform to the manners of the surrounding nations. This address was made to the representatives of the people convened at Shechem, and which had already been the scene of a solemn renewal of the covenant
(Jos 8:30, 35).
The transaction now to be entered upon being in principle and object the same, it was desirable to give it all the solemn impressiveness which might be derived from the memory of the former ceremonial, as well as from other sacred associations of the place
(Ge 12:6, 7; 33:18-20; 35:2-4).
they presented themselves before God--It is generally assumed that the ark of the covenant had been transferred on this occasion to Shechem; as on extraordinary emergencies it was for a time removed
(Jud 20:1-18; 1Sa 4:3; 2Sa 15:24).
But the statement, not necessarily implying this, may be viewed as expressing only the religious character of the ceremony [HENGSTENBERG].
2
Jos 24:2-13.
書 24:2-13。
述說神的恩惠
2. 約書亞對眾民說——他的話簡略回顧了從亞伯拉罕蒙召到他們安然定居應許之地期間，神向以色列人所施恩惠的主要證據；這向他們表明，他們之能成為一國並享有特殊的特權，並非因自己有什麼功勞，而是出於神白白的恩典。
你們的列祖在大河那邊——即幼發拉底大河，亦即在吾珥。
亞伯拉罕的父親他拉，和拿鶴的父親——
(參
創 11:27)。
他拉雖有三個兒子，這裡只提拿鶴與亞伯拉罕同列，因為以色列人從母系而言，是借着利百加和她的兩個外甥女利亞、拉結，由拿鶴而出。
事奉別神——他們像拉班一樣，把對真神的傳統認識與家中使用有形偶像的事並在一起
(創 31:19、34)。
英文原文
Jos 24:2-13.
RELATES GOD'S BENEFITS.
2. Joshua said unto all the people--His address briefly recapitulated the principal proofs of the divine goodness to Israel from the call of Abraham to their happy establishment in the land of promise; it showed them that they were indebted for their national existence as well as their peculiar privileges, not to any merits of their own, but to the free grace of God.
Your fathers dwelt on the other side of the flood--The Euphrates, namely, at Ur.
Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nachor--(see
Ge 11:27).
Though Terah had three sons, Nahor only is mentioned with Abraham, as the Israelites were descended from him on the mother's side through Rebekah and her nieces, Leah and Rachel.
served other gods--conjoining, like Laban, the traditional knowledge of the true God with the domestic use of material images
(Ge 31:19, 34).
3
無標題
3. 我將你們的父親亞伯拉罕從大河那邊帶來，領他走遍迦南全地——是神聖恩典一股不可抗拒的感動，引領這位先祖離開本族本土，遷往迦南，在那地作「客旅和寄居的」。
英文原文
3. I took your father Abraham from the other side of the flood, and led him throughout all the land of Canaan--It was an irresistible impulse of divine grace which led the patriarch to leave his country and relatives, to migrate to Canaan, and live a "stranger and pilgrim" in that land.
4
無標題
4. 我把西珥山賜給以掃——
(參
創 36:8)。
這樣，他就不致成為雅各及其後裔獨得迦南為業的障礙。
英文原文
4. I gave unto Esau mount Seir--(See on
Ge 36:8).
In order that he might be no obstacle to Jacob and his posterity being the exclusive heirs of Canaan.
12
無標題
12. 我打發黃蜂在你們前面——一種特殊的胡蜂，在炎熱之地成群結隊，有時竟成瘟疫般的禍患；或者如許多人所認為的，這是不可抑制之驚恐的比喻說法
(參
出 23:28)。
英文原文
12. I sent the hornet before you--a particular species of wasp which swarms in warm countries and sometimes assumes the scourging character of a plague; or, as many think, it is a figurative expression for uncontrollable terror (see on
Ex 23:28).
14
無標題
14-28. 現在你們要敬畏耶和華，誠心實意地事奉他——約書亞既已列舉了許多當向神感恩的理由，便呼召他們公開而莊嚴地表明，是否願意忠心順服以色列的神。他表明這是他自己堅定不移的決心，並勸勉他們，若真心要作同樣的宣告，便當「除掉他們中間的外邦神」——這一要求似乎暗示，有人被懷疑仍對偶像崇拜念念不忘，或在暗中奉行；無論是其迦勒底祖先拜星辰、拜火的薩比教，還是迦南人更粗鄙的迷信，都是如此。
英文原文
14-28. Now therefore fear the Lord, and serve him in sincerity and in truth--After having enumerated so many grounds for national gratitude, Joshua calls on them to declare, in a public and solemn manner, whether they will be faithful and obedient to the God of Israel. He avowed this to be his own unalterable resolution, and urged them, if they were sincere in making a similar avowal, "to put away the strange gods that were among them"--a requirement which seems to imply that some were suspected of a strong hankering for, or concealed practice of, the idolatry, whether in the form of Zabaism, the fire-worship of their Chaldean ancestors, or the grosser superstitions of the Canaanites.
26
無標題
26. 約書亞將這些話都寫在神的律法書上——把那莊嚴聖約的義務記錄在神聖的歷史書中。
又取一塊大石頭——按古時的習俗，立石柱作為公開事務的記念碑。
立在橡樹下——或謂篤耨香樹，極可能就是雅各在其根下埋藏家中所尋得的偶像與護身符的那棵。
在耶和華的聖所旁邊——或指約櫃曾停放之處，或指四圍之地，因那宗教聚集而得此名，正如雅各稱伯特利為神的殿。
英文原文
26. Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God--registered the engagements of that solemn covenant in the book of sacred history.
took a great stone--according to the usage of ancient times to erect stone pillars as monuments of public transactions.
set it up there under an oak--or terebinth, in all likelihood, the same as that at the root of which Jacob buried the idols and charms found in his family.
that was by the sanctuary of the Lord--either the spot where the ark had stood, or else the place around, so called from that religious meeting, as Jacob named Beth-el the house of God.
29
Jos 24:29, 30.
書 24:29, 30。
約書亞的壽數與逝世
29, 30. 約書亞……死了——萊特富估算他進入迦南後尚活了十七年，也有人說二十七年。按猶太人的習俗，他葬在自己產業的境內。他長久以來為以色列所行的卓越功勳，以及為各支派所帶來的國家興盛與百姓的安居樂業，百姓深有感觸，也普世公認；若按當時風俗本可立像或立碑以表敬意，全地各處必早已這樣作了。史家為他所下的簡短卻崇高的墓誌銘是——約書亞，「耶和華的僕人」。
英文原文
Jos 24:29, 30.
HIS AGE AND DEATH.
29, 30. Joshua . . . died--LIGHTFOOT computes that he lived seventeen, others twenty-seven years, after the entrance into Canaan. He was buried, according to the Jewish practice, within the limits of his own inheritance. The eminent public services he had long rendered to Israel and the great amount of domestic comfort and national prosperity he had been instrumental in diffusing among the several tribes, were deeply felt, were universally acknowledged; and a testimonial in the form of a statue or obelisk would have been immediately raised to his honor, in all parts of the land, had such been the fashion of the times. The brief but noble epitaph by the historian is, Joshua, "the servant of the Lord."
31
無標題
31. 約書亞在世的日子，以色列人事奉耶和華——這位傑出領袖崇高威嚴的品格，使他同時代的風尚與心意都受了他深切的薰陶；他熱心的敬虔與諸般美德，又長久鮮明地銘刻在百姓的記憶中；因此聖史將這事記下，使他永垂不朽。「約書亞在世的日子，並約書亞死後那些長老在世的日子，以色列人事奉耶和華。」
英文原文
31. Israel served the Lord all the days of Joshua--The high and commanding character of this eminent leader had given so decided a tone to the sentiments and manners of his contemporaries and the memory of his fervent piety and many virtues continued so vividly impressed on the memories of the people, that the sacred historian has recorded it to his immortal honor. "Israel served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that overlived Joshua."
32
無標題
32. 約瑟的骸骨——他們在曠野一切飄流之中都帶著這些可敬的遺骸，按約瑟臨終的遺命，延至進入應許之地才安葬。盛放他薰尸的棺槨，由以色列人帶到那裏，大概是在以法蓮支派得地為業之時，或在本章所述莊嚴聚會之時下葬。
雅各從前用一百塊銀子向……買的那塊地——「塊」（Kesitah）有人以為指「一隻羊羔」，因當時的砝碼乃作羊羔或山羊的形狀，這大概也是牧人最早的價值標準。今日覆蓋該處的墳墓是回教的 Welce，但我們沒有理由懷疑，約瑟的珍貴遺骨至今仍可能藏在那裏。
英文原文
32. the bones of Joseph--They had carried these venerable relics with them in all their migrations through the desert, and deferred the burial, according to the dying charge of Joseph himself, till they arrived in the promised land. The sarcophagus, in which his mummied body had been put, was brought thither by the Israelites, and probably buried when the tribe of Ephraim had obtained their settlement, or at the solemn convocation described in this chapter.
in a parcel of ground which Jacob bought . . . for an hundred pieces of silver--Kestitah translated, "piece of silver," is supposed to mean "a lamb," the weights being in the form of lambs or kids, which were, in all probability, the earliest standard of value among pastoral people. The tomb that now covers the spot is a Mohammedan Welce, but there is no reason to doubt that the precious deposit of Joseph's remains may be concealed there at the present time.
33
無標題
33. 亞倫的兒子以利亞撒死了，就把他葬在……以法蓮山地——他的墳墓在今名阿韋爾塔的村莊，據猶太旅行者說，那裏也有以他瑪、非尼哈之子（以利亞撒的兄弟）的墳墓
[VAN DE VELDE]。
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Robert Jamieson、A. R. Fausset、David Brown 著
《聖經全套註釋》（Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible，1871）
增補、勘誤與心得請寄 編者
英文原文
33. Eleazar the son of Aaron died, and they buried him in . . . mount Ephraim--The sepulchre is at the modern village Awertah, which, according to Jewish travellers, contains the graves also of Ithamar, the brother of Phinehas, the son of Eleazar [VAN DE VELDE].
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Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
Send Addenda, Corrigenda, and Sententiae to the editor
書 24:1。
約書亞召集眾支派
1. 約書亞將以色列的眾支派聚集在示劍——這位年邁的領袖在此又抓住一次、也是最後一次機會，要勸阻百姓免陷於拜偶像之罪；他之所以如此掛心，是因為他知道百姓極易隨從周圍列國的風俗。這番話是對聚集在示劍的百姓代表所講的；示劍此前已是一次莊嚴更新聖約的場地
(書 8:30、35)。
如今所要進行的事，在原則和目的上既與前次相同，便希望能借助前次典禮的記憶，以及此地其他神聖的聯想，使之更加莊嚴可觀
(創 12:6、7；33:18-20；35:2-4)。
他們站在神面前——一般假定這次約櫃被移到了示劍；因在特殊情形之下，約櫃也曾暫時搬移
(士 20:1-18；
撒上 4:3；
撒下 15:24)。
但這話未必含有此意，也可視為只表達這典禮的宗教性質 [HENGSTENBERG]。