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Jos 9:1-27.
英文原文
Jos 9:1-27.
THE KINGS COMBINE AGAINST ISRAEL.
1. all the kings which were on this side--that is, the western side of Jordan.
in the hills, and in ther valleys, and in all the coasts of the great sea--This threefold distinction marks out very clearly a large portion of Canaan. The first designates the hill country, which belonged afterwards to the tribes of Judah and Ephraim: the second, all the low country from Carmel to Gaza; and the third, the shores of the Mediterranean, from the Isthmus of Tyre to the plain of Joppa. (As for the tribes mentioned, see on
Nu 13:29).
heard thereof--that is, of the sacking of Jericho and Ai, as well as the rapid advance of the Israelites into the interior of the country.
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2. 他们都聚集，同心合意地要与约书亚和以色列人争战——这些王虽因各自的利益分歧而常彼此交战，共同的危险感却促使他们暂时放下彼此的嫌隙，企图以联合的力量阻止这地落入外邦主人之手。
英文原文
2. they gathered themselves together, to fight with Joshua and with Israel, with one accord--Although divided by separate interests and often at war with each other, a sense of common danger prompted them to suspend their mutual animosities, that by their united forces they might prevent the land from falling into the hands of foreign masters.
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Jos 9:3-15.
书 9:3-15。
基遍人用诡计与以色列人立约
3-15. 基遍的居民听见——这座城如其名所示，坐落于一处岩石高地上，在耶路撒冷西北约六英里，即今日名为 El Jib 的村庄所在。它是希未人的京城，一座规模颇大的重镇
(书 10:2)。
它似乎与附近几座城镇联合，结成一个自由独立的邦国
(书 9:17)，
并享有共和式的政体
(书 9:11)。
英文原文
Jos 9:3-15.
THE GIBEONITES OBTAIN A LEAGUE BY CRAFT.
3-15. when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard--This town, as its name imports, was situated on a rocky eminence, about six miles northwest from Jerusalem, where the modern village of El Jib now stands. It was the capital of the Hivites, and a large important city
(Jos 10:2).
It seems to have formed, in union with a few other towns in the neighborhood, a free independent state
(Jos 9:17)
and to have enjoyed a republican government
(Jos 9:11).
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4. 他们就设诡计——他们行事机巧，所求的是保全性命之法；既知动武必归无用，便不靠强权，而靠外交巧计。
把旧驴和旧口袋驮在驴上——东方的旅客用牲口驮运行李；贫寒之人把饮食、衣物、器具等一切日用所需，统统塞进一个毛织或粗麻布袋中，横搭在所骑牲口的背上。
把旧皮带酒袋补缝起来——山羊皮袋比陶器（有孔渗漏）或金属器皿（在日头下易被晒热）都更适合盛装各种液体，使之保持新鲜完好。这些皮袋用久了便会破裂，修补之法各不相同——或镶入一块新皮，或将裂口边缘收拢缝成钱袋状，或用一个圆扁的小木片塞住破洞。
英文原文
4. They did work wilily--They acted with dexterous policy, seeking the means of self-preservation, not by force, which they were convinced would be unavailing, but by artful diplomacy.
took old sacks upon their asses--Travellers in the East transport their luggage on beasts of burden; the poorer sort stow all their necessaries, food, clothes, utensils together, in a woollen or hair-cloth sack, laid across the shoulders of the beast they ride upon.
wine bottles, old, and rent, and bound up--Goat-skins, which are better adapted for carrying liquor of any kind fresh and good, than either earthenware, which is porous, or metallic vessels, which are soon heated by the sun. These skin bottles are liable to be rent when old and much used; and there are various ways of mending them--by inserting a new piece of leather, or by gathering together the edges of the rent and sewing them in the form of a purse, or by putting a round flat splinter of wood into the hole.
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5. 旧鞋补过的——只有一匹驴或骡子兼作坐骑与驮兽的人，往往要下骡步行——这或许正可解释这些乔装的旅客为何鞋子如此破旧。
饼……干碎发霉——这想必是旅客常用的那种饼干，做成大环状，约一英寸厚、四五英寸直径。因不像我们的饼干烤得那般干透，面团里留下的水气便使其变硬发霉。食用前通常先用水泡软。
英文原文
5. old shoes and clouted--Those who have but one ass or mule for themselves and baggage frequently dismount and walk--a circumstance which may account for the worn shoes of the pretended travellers.
bread . . . dry and mouldy--This must have been that commonly used by travellers--a sort of biscuit made in the form of large rings, about an inch thick, and four or five inches in diameter. Not being so well baked as our biscuits, it becomes hard and mouldy from the moisture left in the dough. It is usually soaked in water previous to being used.
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6-14. 他们到吉甲营中约书亚那里——这些外乡人到了以色列大营，得见约书亚和众长老，便向他们说明来意。
英文原文
6-14. they went to Joshua unto the camp at Gilgal--Arrived at the Israelitish headquarters, the strangers obtained an interview with Joshua and the elders, to whom they opened their business.
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7. 以色列人对希未人说：只怕你们是住在我们中间的——以色列人的回答暗示，他们毫无自主之权，所奉的命令是绝对的；这些外乡人若属于本地的任何部族，与他们结盟便是违法的，因神已明令禁止
(出 23:32；34:12；
申 7:2)。
英文原文
7. the men of Israel said unto the Hivites, Peradventure ye dwell among us--The answer of the Israelites implied that they had no discretion, that their orders were imperative, and that if the strangers belonged to any of the native tribes, the idea of an alliance with them was unlawful since God had forbidden it
(Ex 23:32; 34:12; De 7:2).
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9. 仆人是从极远之地而来，是因耶和华你神的名——他们佯称是出于宗教的动机才来寻求与神的百姓结盟。但他们那番精心斟酌的言辞，值得留意之处在于：他们只举远方神所行的奇事为例，却略过在迦南所行的，仿佛那些事的传闻尚未传到他们耳中。
英文原文
9. From a very far country thy servants are come because of the name of the Lord thy God--They pretended to be actuated by religious motives in seeking to be allied with His people. But their studied address is worthy of notice in appealing to instances of God's miraculous doings at a distance, while they pass by those done in Canaan, as if the report of these had not yet reached their ears.
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14、15. 以色列人受了他们的食物，并没有求问耶和华——他们那发了霉的饼经过查验，被当作故事的凭据接受了。以色列人在这仓促的判断上，犯了过分的轻信和当受责备的疏忽之罪——没有借着大祭司的乌陵和土明求问神的心意，便贸然结盟。然而，即便他们求问了神，是否会因此被禁止宽容、结交那些弃绝偶像、归顺敬拜真神的迦南部族，也未可知。至少，他们与基遍人立约一事并未受责备；反倒是后来违背这约，受到了严厉的刑罚
(撒下 21:1；
并参 书 11:19、20)。
英文原文
14, 15. the men took of their victuals and asked not counsel at the mouth of the Lord--The mouldy appearance of their bread was, after examination, accepted as guaranteeing the truth of the story. In this precipitate conclusion the Israelites were guilty of excessive credulity and culpable negligence, in not asking by the high priest's Urim and Thummim the mind of God, before entering into the alliance. It is not clear, however, that had they applied for divine direction they would have been forbidden to spare and connect themselves with any of the Canaanite tribes who renounced idolatry and embraced and worshipped the true God. At least, no fault was found with them for making a covenant with the Gibeonites; while, on the other hand, the violation of it was severely punished
(2Sa 21:1; and Jos 11:19, 20).
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16、17. 过了三天……他们才听见原来他们是近邻，是住在我民中间的——这消息是在他们继续深入境内行进时才得知的；因为
书 9:17
当译作「以色列人起行的时候，就到了他们的城邑」。基遍距吉甲约十八至二十英里。
英文原文
16, 17. at the end of three days . . . they heard that they were their neighbours, and that they dwelt among them--This information was obtained in their further progress through the country; for as
Jos 9:17
should be rendered, "when the children of Israel journeyed, they came to their cities." Gibeon was about eighteen or twenty miles from Gilgal.
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17. 基非拉——
(书 18:26；
拉 2:25；
尼 7:29)。
比录——
(撒下 4:2)，
即今 El Berich，距 El Jib（基遍）约二十分钟路程。
基列耶琳——意即「森林之城」，即今 Kuryet-el-Enab [ROBINSON]。
英文原文
17. Chephirah--
(Jos 18:26; Ezr 2:25; Ne 7:29).
Beeroth--
(2Sa 4:2),
now El Berich, about twenty minutes' distance from El Jib (Gibeon).
Kirjath-jearim--"the city of forests," now Kuryet-el-Enab [ROBINSON].
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18-27. 以色列人没有击杀他们——基遍人的诡计在道德上是恶的。会众的首领并未为他们所结之盟的便利或合法辩护；但他们深知自己所起之誓的庄严约束；尽管百姓的呼声喧嚣反对——或因失去了基遍的掠物而失望，或因表面上有违神命而不满——他们仍决意持守所许的愿，「因为他们已指着耶和华以色列的神起了誓」。以色列的首领们行得问心无愧；他们觉得自己既已庄严承诺，便当受约束；但为防止他们草率所带来的祸患，他们决定贬抑基遍人为奴仆，借此防止百姓被引诱陷于拜偶像之中，这样他们以为便尽到了律法的真精神与本旨。
英文原文
18-27. the children of Israel smote them not--The moral character of the Gibeonites' stratagem was bad. The princes of the congregation did not vindicate either the expediency or the lawfulness of the connection they had formed; but they felt the solemn obligations of their oath; and, although the popular clamor was loud against them, caused either by disappointment at losing the spoils of Gibeon, or by displeasure at the apparent breach of the divine commandment, they determined to adhere to their pledge, "because they had sworn by the Lord God of Israel." The Israelitish princes acted conscientiously; they felt themselves bound by their solemn promise; but to prevent the disastrous consequences of their imprudent haste, they resolved to degrade the Gibeonites to a servile condition as a means of preventing their people from being ensnared into idolatry, and thus acted up, as they thought, to the true spirit and end of the law.
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27. 劈柴挑水的人——即在圣所中任最低贱杂役的仆人；因此称为尼提宁
(代上 9:2；
拉 2:43；8:20)——
意即「赐下」、「分别为圣」。这样，他们的刑罚反倒使他们得着了极大的宗教特权
(诗 84:10)。
英文原文
27. hewers of wood and drawers of water--The menials who performed the lowest offices and drudgery in the sanctuary; whence they were called Nethinims
(1Ch 9:2; Ezr 2:43; 8:20);
that is, given, appropriated. Their chastisement thus brought them into the possession of great religious privileges
(Ps 84:10).
约书亚记 9:1-27。
诸王联合攻击以色列
1. 约但河西——即约旦河西岸的诸王。
山地、洼地，并大海沿岸——这三重的区分将迦南一大片区域划分得十分清楚。第一样指日后属犹大和以法莲支派的山地；第二样指从迦密到加沙的一切低地；第三样指地中海沿岸，从推罗地峡到约帕平原。（至于所提的各部族， 参
民 13:29
注释）。
听见这事——即听见耶利哥和艾城被毁，以及以色列人迅速推进到该地腹地的消息。