1
Le 25:1-7.
英文原文
Le 25:1-7.
SABBATH OF THE SEVENTH YEAR.
2
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2-4. 你们到了我所赐给你们的那地——关于占领迦南后哪一年开始守安息年，一直存在疑问。有人认为是进入迦南后的第七年。但另有人认为，由于头六年用于征服和分地（Jos 5:12），而安息年要在六年农耕之后才守，所以守安息年要到第十四年才开始。
地就要向耶和华守安息——这是一个非常特别的安排。每第七年，不仅一切农事都要停止，而且耕作者对土地也没有使用权。地要完全休耕，其自生的出产成为穷人、外人、牲畜和野兽的共同产业。这安息之年要使土地的生产能力得以恢复，正如每周的安息日是人畜的休憩。它在收藏节之后立即开始，其用意是要以显著的方式教导百姓，认识到神同在的真实与他护理的大能。
英文原文
2-4. When ye come into the land which I give you--It has been questioned on what year, after the occupation of Canaan, the sabbatic year began to be observed. Some think it was the seventh year after their entrance. But others, considering that as the first six years were spent in the conquest and division of the land
(Jos 5:12),
and that the sabbatical year was to be observed after six years of agriculture, maintain that the observance did not commence till the fourteenth year.
the land keep a sabbath unto the Lord--This was a very peculiar arrangement. Not only all agricultural processes were to be intermitted every seventh year, but the cultivators had no right to the soil. It lay entirely fallow, and its spontaneous produce was the common property of the poor and the stranger, the cattle and game. This year of rest was to invigorate the productive powers of the land, as the weekly Sabbath was a refreshment to men and cattle. It commenced immediately after the feast of ingathering, and it was calculated to teach the people, in a remarkable manner, the reality of the presence and providential power of God.
8
Le 25:8-23.
Le 25:8-23。
禧年。
8-11. 你要计算七个安息年——这一最不寻常的民政制度，从一个意为乐器——即角或号——的希伯来词而得名"禧年"，从七月初十日，即赎罪大日开始；那一日，依公共当局的命令，号角的声音宣告普世救赎的开始。一切囚犯和俘虏获得自由，奴隶被宣告为自由人，负债者被豁免。地与安息年一样，既不撒种也不收割，任其与居民同享安息的安息；其自然出产为众人所共有。此外，犹太全地每一份产业都归还原主。
英文原文
Le 25:8-23.
THE JUBILEE.
8-11. thou shalt number seven sabbaths of years--This most extraordinary of all civil institutions, which received the name of "Jubilee" from a Hebrew word signifying a musical instrument, a horn or trumpet, began on the tenth day of the seventh month, or the great day of atonement, when, by order of the public authorities, the sound of trumpets proclaimed the beginning of the universal redemption. All prisoners and captives obtained their liberties, slaves were declared free, and debtors were absolved. The land, as on the sabbatic year, was neither sowed nor reaped, but allowed to enjoy with its inhabitants a sabbath of repose; and its natural produce was the common property of all. Moreover, every inheritance throughout the land of Judea was restored to its original owner.
10
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10. 第五十年你们要当作圣年——关于禧年是在第四十九年守，还是取整数称为第五十年守，存在很大分歧。无论古今，主流意见都倾向于后者。
英文原文
10. ye shall hallow the fiftieth year--Much difference of opinion exists as to whether the jubilee was observed on the forty-ninth, or, in round numbers, it is called the fiftieth. The prevailing opinion, both in ancient and modern times, has been in favor of the latter.
12
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12. 你们要吃地的出产等——在那期间地所自生的一切，都可作他们必需的饮食，但任何人都不得积攒或形成私人储蓄的库存。
英文原文
12. ye shall eat the increase thereof out of the field, &c.--All that the ground yielded spontaneously during that period might be eaten for their necessary subsistence, but no persons were at liberty to hoard or form a private stock in reserve.
13
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13. 各人要归自己的产业等——产业无论因何种原因、不论被转让过多少次，都归还原来的主人。这项限定继承的法令，使合法继承人永不被排除在外，是保持各家族与支派完全分明、并忠实地记录其谱系的极有智慧的措施，为要使人人都有证据确立其对祖产的权益。因此，基督出生时，他的支派与家族很轻易就被查明。
英文原文
13. ye shall return every man unto his possession, &c.--Inheritances, from whatever cause, and how frequently soever they had been alienated, came back into the hands of the original proprietors. This law of entail, by which the right heir could never be excluded, was a provision of great wisdom for preserving families and tribes perfectly distinct, and their genealogies faithfully recorded, in order that all might have evidence to establish their right to the ancestral property. Hence the tribe and family of Christ were readily discovered at his birth.
17
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17. 你们不可彼此亏负，只要敬畏你们的神——这与 Le 25:14 相同，关乎产业的买卖，以及双方都当对交易有效的有限期限给予诚实而公平的关注。立法者的目的是尽可能维持各家族原有的秩序，以及百姓之间条件的平等。
英文原文
17. Ye shall not oppress one another, but thou shalt fear thy God--This, which is the same as
Le 25:14,
related to the sale or purchase of possessions and the duty of paying an honest and equitable regard, on both sides, to the limited period during which the bargain could stand. The object of the legislator was, as far as possible, to maintain the original order of families, and an equality of condition among the people.
21
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21, 22. 我必在第六年赐给你们三倍的出产等——神以特别的介入作了预备，以弥补因安息年期间一切劳作中止而本会造成的食物不足。第六年要奇迹般地出产足够连续三年之用的粮食。这一说明既适用于安息年，也适用于禧年。（关于这一特别预备的暗指，参见 2Ki 19:29; Isa 37:30）。唯有自知在神圣权威之下行事的立法者，才会以安息年如此奇特的法规来赌上自己的声誉；也唯有亲眼见过神圣应许应验的百姓，才会被说服在周期性的禧年再来时中止他们的农业准备。
英文原文
21, 22. I will command my blessing upon you in the sixth year, and it shall bring forth fruit for three years, &c.--A provision was made, by the special interposition of God, to supply the deficiency of food which would otherwise have resulted from the suspension of all labor during the sabbatic year. The sixth year was to yield a miraculous supply for three continuous years. And the remark is applicable to the year of Jubilee as well as the sabbatic year. (See allusions to this extraordinary provision in
2Ki 19:29; Isa 37:30).
None but a legislator who was conscious of acting under divine authority would have staked his character on so singular an enactment as that of the sabbatic year; and none but a people who had witnessed the fulfilment of the divine promise would have been induced to suspend their agricultural preparations on a recurrence of a periodical Jubilee.
23
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23-28. 地不可永卖——或如旁注更准确地译为"不可完全断绝"。地是神的，他为推行一项重要计划，将地赐给他所拣选的百姓，分给他们的各支派与各家族——但他们不过是按他的旨意持有，作为随意佃户，无权也无能将其转让给外人。在困乏的情形下，个人可以进行暂时的出售。但他们拥有赎回的权利，可在任何时候，向当前的持有人支付适当的补偿而赎回；并借禧年的法规，他们可无偿收回——因此土地成为不可转让的。（此律法的例外，见 Le 27:20）。
英文原文
23-28. The land shall not be sold for ever--or, "be quite cut off," as the Margin better renders it. The land was God's, and, in prosecution of an important design, He gave it to the people of His choice, dividing it among their tribes and families--who, however, held it of Him merely as tenants-at-will and had no right or power of disposing of it to strangers. In necessitous circumstances, individuals might effect a temporary sale. But they possessed the right of redeeming it, at any time, on payment of an adequate compensation to the present holder; and by the enactments of the Jubilee they recovered it free--so that the land was rendered inalienable. (See an exception to this law,
Le 27:20).
29
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29-31. 人若卖城内的住宅，卖了以后一整年内可以赎回——一切房屋的买卖都附有同样的条件。但乡村的房屋（因与农业相关，被视为土地的一部分）与商人或外邦人在有城墙的城邑中所拥有的房屋有所不同：后者只能在卖出后一年内赎回；若未赎回，便不在禧年归还原主。
英文原文
29-31. if a man sell a dwelling house in a walled city, then he may redeem it within a whole year after it is sold--All sales of houses were subject to the same condition. But there was a difference between the houses of villages (which, being connected with agriculture, were treated as parts of the land) and houses possessed by trading people or foreigners in walled towns, which could only be redeemed within the year after the sale; if not then redeemed, these did not revert to the former owner at the Jubilee.
32
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32-34. 然而利未人的城邑，等等——利未人除了他们的城邑和房屋之外别无产业，律法便赐给他们与其他以色列人土地所享的同样权利。利未城周围一定范围的土地被划归他们，作为他们牛羊的牧场（Nu 35:4-5）。这是一份为供养圣事奉而设的永久产业，任何时候都不可转让。不过，利未人彼此之间可以交换；祭司可以将自己的房屋、园子和牧放权卖给另一位祭司，却不可卖给别的支派的以色列人（Jer 41:7-9）。
英文原文
32-34. Notwithstanding the cities of the Levites, &c.--The Levites, having no possessions but their towns and their houses, the law conferred on them the same privileges that were granted to the lands of the other Israelites. A certain portion of the lands surrounding the Levitical cities was appropriated to them for the pasturage of their cattle and flocks
(Nu 35:4, 5).
This was a permanent endowment for the support of the ministry and could not be alienated for any time. The Levites, however, were at liberty to make exchanges among themselves; and a priest might sell his house, garden, and right of pasture to another priest, but not to an Israelite of another tribe
(Jer 41:7-9).
35
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35-38. 你的弟兄在你那里若渐渐贫乏……你要帮助他——这是为穷人与不幸者所设的极仁慈的规定，旨在帮助他们或减轻他们的困境。无论是本国的以色列人还是仅仅寄居的外人，较富裕的邻舍都当给他食物、住处，以及无息的金钱供应。收息受到严厉的谴责（Ps 15:5; Eze 18:8-17），但这禁令不能被认为适用于现代商业中以合法利率借贷的惯例。
英文原文
35-38. if thy brother be waxen poor, . . . relieve him--This was a most benevolent provision for the poor and unfortunate, designed to aid them or alleviate the evils of their condition. Whether a native Israelite or a mere sojourner, his richer neighbor was required to give him food, lodging, and a supply of money without usury. Usury was severely condemned
(Ps 15:5; Eze 18:8, 17),
but the prohibition cannot be considered as applicable to the modern practice of men in business, borrowing and lending at legal rates of interest.
39
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39-46. 你的弟兄……若渐渐贫乏，将自己卖给你，你不可叫他像奴仆一样服事你——以色列人可能因不幸，不仅抵押自己的产业，甚至连自己也卖了。若他陷入这般困境，他当被对待不是像奴隶，而是像雇工；雇工的契约是暂时的，并可借着亲属的友善资助，在禧年之前随时赎身。赎金的计算依据极为公道的原则：从提议赎身之日起算到禧年为止的年数、当时工人的工价、将剩余的年数乘以该数目，所算出的金额即为赎金，当付给主人。但若希伯来奴隶没有这般友善的介入，他就继续服事到禧年；到那一年，他当然获得自由，连同他的产业。从本章所呈现的各个方面来看，禧年是一个令人钦佩的制度，对维护宗教、社会秩序与以色列人中的自由，起到了卓越的作用。
英文原文
39-46. if thy brother . . . be waxen poor, and be sold unto thee, thou shalt not compel him to serve as a bond-servant--An Israelite might be compelled, through misfortune, not only to mortgage his inheritance, but himself. In the event of his being reduced to this distress, he was to be treated not as a slave, but a hired servant whose engagement was temporary, and who might, through the friendly aid of a relative, be redeemed at any time before the Jubilee. The ransom money was determined on a most equitable principle. Taking account of the number of years from the proposal to redeem and the Jubilee, of the current wages of labor for that time, and multiplying the remaining years by that sum, the amount was to be paid to the master for his redemption. But if no such friendly interposition was made for a Hebrew slave, he continued in servitude till the year of Jubilee, when, as a matter of course, he regained his liberty, as well as his inheritance. Viewed in the various aspects in which it is presented in this chapter, the Jubilee was an admirable institution, and subservient in an eminent degree to uphold the interests of religion, social order, and freedom among the Israelites.
Le 25:1-7.
第七年的安息年。