1
Ne 11:1, 2.
英文原文
Ne 11:1, 2.
THE RULERS, VOLUNTARY MEN, AND EVERY TENTH MAN CHOSEN BY LOT, DWELL AT JERUSALEM.
1. the rulers . . . dwelt at Jerusalem--That city being the metropolis of the country, it was right and proper that the seat of government should be there. But the exigency of the times required that special measures should be taken to insure the residence of an adequate population for the custody of the buildings and the defense of the city. From the annoyances of restless and malignant enemies, who tried every means to demolish the rising fortifications, there was some danger attending a settlement in Jerusalem. Hence the greater part of the returned exiles, in order to earn as well as secure the rewards of their duty, preferred to remain in the country or the provincial towns. To remedy this state of things, it was resolved to select every tenth man of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin by lot, to become a permanent inhabitant of the capital. The necessity of such an expedient commended it to the general approval. It was the more readily submitted to because the lot was resorted to on all the most critical conjunctures of the Jewish history, and regarded by the people as a divine decision
(Pr 18:18).
This awakened strongly the national spirit; and patriotic volunteers came forward readily to meet the wishes of the authorities, a service which, implying great self-denial as well as courage, was reckoned in the circumstances of so much importance as entitled them to the public gratitude. No wonder that the conduct of these volunteers drew forth the tribute of public admiration; for they sacrificed their personal safety and comfort for the interests of the community because Jerusalem was at that time a place against which the enemies of the Jews were directing a thousand plots. Therefore, residence in it at such a juncture was attended with expense and various annoyances from which a country life was entirely free.
3
Ne 11:3-36.
Ne 11:3-36.
他们之名。
3. 省长所辖之地——即犹大省。尼希米按当时情形称之为波斯帝国的一小块附属地。
犹大城邑的人，各在自己的地业、各在本城居住——从巴比伦归回的被掳者，凭着自然的冲动，大多回到全国各处原先分给他们的地和城邑。
以色列人——这通称本是在罗波安时两国不幸分裂之前用以指雅各后裔的；被掳之后这称呼又得以恢复，因为那时以色列人与犹太人合而为一，从前分裂的一切痕迹都被抹去。虽然归回的被掳者多数属犹大和便雅悯两支派，但此处称他们为以色列人，因为各支派中有许多人已彼此混杂，他们主要是乡村的居民，而只有犹大和便雅悯人住在耶路撒冷。
利未人——这些利未人按机会许可，取得分给他们的城邑。
尼提宁人——是一特定阶层的人，或为基遍人，或为与他们联合的人，他们专心事奉神。
英文原文
Ne 11:3-36.
THEIR NAMES.
3. the chief of the province--that is, Judea. Nehemiah speaks of it, as it then was, a small appendix of the Persian empire.
in the cities of Judah dwelt every one in his possession in their cities--The returned exiles, who had come from Babylon, repaired generally, and by a natural impulse, to the lands and cities throughout the country which had been anciently assigned them.
Israel--This general name, which designated the descendants of Jacob before the unhappy division of the two kingdoms under Rehoboam, was restored after the captivity, the Israelites being then united with the Jews, and all traces of their former separation being obliterated. Although the majority of the returned exiles belonged to the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, they are here called Israel because a large number out of all the tribes were now intermingled, and these were principally the occupiers of the rural villages, while none but those of Judah and Benjamin resided in Jerusalem.
the Levites--These took possession of the cities allotted to them according as they had opportunity.
the Nethinims--A certain order of men, either Gibeonites or persons joined with them, who were devoted to the service of God.
4
无标题
4. 在耶路撒冷居住的有犹大支派的人——此处
[Ne 11:4-36]
与从前在
1Ch 9:1-9
所列名册之间显然存在的差异，不仅是因为犹太人和东方人因境遇改变而更改人名的习俗，也是因日久必然产生的变化。历代志上的名录记载的是随第一批被掳归回者而来的人，而本段的名册可能也包括随以斯拉和尼希米归回的人；或者更可能是后来才编制的，那时已有若干人去世，或有些被列入启程名单的人留了下来，另有些人顶替了他们的位置。
英文原文
4. at Jerusalem dwelt certain of the children of Judah--The discrepancy that is apparent between this
[Ne 11:4-36]
and the list formerly given in
1Ch 9:1-9,
arose not only from the Jewish and Oriental practice of changing or modifying the names of persons from a change of circumstances, but from the alterations that must have been produced in the course of time. The catalogue in Chronicles contains those who came with the first detachment of returned exiles, while the list in this passage probably included also those who returned with Ezra and Nehemiah; or it was most probably made out afterwards, when several had died, or some, who had been inserted as going on the journey, remained, and others came in their stead.
9
无标题
9. 管理——即「长官」或「首领」。
英文原文
9. overseer--that is, "captain" or "chief."
11
无标题
11. 神殿的宰官——大祭司的助手
（Nu 3:32； 1Ch 9:11； 2Ch 19:11）。
英文原文
11. the ruler of the house of God--assistant of the high priest
(Nu 3:32; 1Ch 9:11; 2Ch 19:11).
16
无标题
16. 管理神殿的外事——即那些在外面或在乡间所办的事，如征收集物资
（1Ch 26:29）。
英文原文
16. the oversight of the outward business of the house of God--that is, those things which were done outside, or in the country, such as the collecting of the provisions
(1Ch 26:29).
17
无标题
17. 为主领称谢祷告——即在晨祭和晚祭之时负责领唱诗班颂赞公众的领袖。这种事奉总伴有相宜的诗篇，圣乐由所提名的这人挑选并指挥。
英文原文
17. the principal to begin the thanksgiving in prayer--that is, the leader of the choir which chanted the public praise at the time of the morning and evening sacrifice. That service was always accompanied by some appropriate psalm, the sacred music being selected and guided by the person named.
22
无标题
22. 歌唱的亚萨之子照管神殿的事务——他们被选派负责预备圣殿内部及其事奉所需之物，而「神殿的外事」
（Ne 11:16）
则交托给别人。这职务很恰当地派给亚萨的子孙；因为他们虽是利未人，却不像其他宗教侍奉者那样按班次轮值上耶路撒冷。他们既为常驻居民，所担任的职务又较为轻省，所以很能胜任此项责任。
英文原文
22. the sons of Asaph, the singers were over the business of the house of God--They were selected to take charge of providing those things which were required for the interior of the temple and its service, while to others was committed the care of the "outward business of the house of God"
(Ne 11:16).
This duty was very properly assigned to the sons of Asaph; for, though they were Levites, they did not repair in rotation to Jerusalem, as the other ministers of religion. Being permanent residents, and employed in duties which were comparatively light and easy, they were very competent to undertake this charge.
23
无标题
23. 王有命令——波斯君王颁布谕旨，意在使圣殿事奉在其宗教的丰满与庄严肃穆上得以恢复。既然为歌唱的人所设的这项特别供应说是「王的命令」，这命令大概是以斯拉或尼希米请求或建议而下达的。
英文原文
23. it was the king's commandment--It was the will of the Persian monarch in issuing his edict that the temple service should be revived in all its religious fulness and solemnity. As this special provision for the singers is said to have been by the king's commandment, the order was probably given at the request or suggestion of Ezra or Nehemiah.
24
无标题
24. 比大雅……在王那里，办理一切关于百姓的事——这人受托司法之权，或为波斯君王之利益、或由波斯君王所任命；其职责或在审理民事争讼，或在管理财政事务。
英文原文
24. Pethahiah . . . was at the king's hand in all matters concerning the people--This person was entrusted with judicial power, either for the interest, or by the appointment, of the Persian monarch, and his duty consisted either in adjusting cases of civil dispute, or in regulating fiscal concerns.
25
无标题
25. 犹大人住在基列·亚巴——此处所提各村庄所在的整个区域，已被迦勒底的入侵彻底毁坏；因此必须假定，这些村庄在「他们住在其中」之前已经重建。
英文原文
25. some of the children of Judah dwelt at Kirjath-arba--The whole region in which the villages here mentioned were situated had been completely devastated by the Chaldean invasion; and, therefore, it must be assumed, that these villages had been rebuilt before "the children dwelt in them."
36
无标题
36. 利未人中，也有在犹大和便雅悯的——当译作：为利未人有分地；即那些不住在耶路撒冷的人，散居于犹大和便雅悯两省各处。
英文原文
36. And of the Levites were divisions in Judah, and in Benjamin--Rather, there were divisions for the Levites; that is, those who were not resident in Jerusalem were distributed in settlements throughout the provinces of Judah and Benjamin.
Ne 11:1-2.
首领、甘心乐意的人，以及每十人中抽签选出一人，居住于耶路撒冷。
1. 首领……住在耶路撒冷——耶路撒冷既是全国的首府，政府的所在地理应设在那里。但时局的需要却要求采取特别措施，以确保有足够的人口居住，以看守各建筑物并防卫全城。那些好动而恶毒的仇敌千方百计要拆毁正在兴建的工事，因此在耶路撒冷居住有几分危险。所以大部分归回的被掳者为了赚取并保障其当得的赏赐，宁愿住在乡间或外省城镇。为扭转这一状况，便决定从犹大和便雅悯两支派中每十人抽签选出一人，作首都的永久居民。这一权宜之计的必要性使众人普遍赞同。百姓之所以更乐意顺从，是因为在最重大的关头犹太历史总要求助于签，且百姓视之为神的判决
（Pr 18:18）。
这强烈地激起了民族精神；爱国的志士甘愿挺身而出以应官长之愿，这种事奉既含重大的舍己也需勇气，在当时情形下意义重大，因此配得公众的感谢。这些志愿者的行为赢得公众的钦佩，实不足为奇；因为他们为公众的利益牺牲了自身的安全与安逸，因为耶路撒冷当时正是犹太人之敌集中千方诡计所针对之地。所以在这样的关头，居住其中必然费用浩大、烦扰繁多，而乡村生活则完全免于此等困扰。