서론
无标题
英文原文
David's piety and his prayer we had an account of in the foregoing chapter; here follows immediately that which one might reasonably expect, an account of his prosperity; for those that seek first the kingdom of God and the righteousness thereof, as David did, shall have other things added to them as far as God sees good for them. Here is, I. His prosperity abroad. He conquered the Philistines (1Ch 18:1), the Moabites (1Ch 18:2), the king of Zobah (1Ch 18:3,4), the Syrians (1Ch 18:5-8), made the king of Hamath his tributary (1Ch 18:9-11), and the Edomites, 1Ch 18:12,13. II. His prosperity at home. His court and kingdom flourished, 1Ch 18:14-17. All this we had an account of before, 2Sa 8:1-18
1-17
David's Victories (1042 BC)
大卫的胜利（主前1042年）
¹ 此后，大卫攻打非利士人，把他们制伏，从他们手中夺取了迦特和属迦特的村庄。 ² 他又攻打摩押；摩押人就作了大卫的仆人，给他进贡。 ³ 琐巴王哈大底谢往伯拉大河去，要坚定自己的权势；大卫往哈马与他交战，将他击败。 ⁴ 大卫从他那里夺了战车一千辆、骑兵七千人、步兵二万人；大卫又把所有战车的马砍断蹄筋，只留下一百辆战车的马。 ⁵ 大马色的亚兰人来帮助琐巴王哈大底谢；大卫杀了亚兰人二万二千。 ⁶ 于是大卫在大马色的亚兰地设立防营；亚兰人就作了大卫的仆人，给他进贡。这样，大卫无论往哪里去，耶和华都使他得胜。 ⁷ 大卫夺了哈大底谢臣仆所拿的金盾牌，带到耶路撒冷。 ⁸ 大卫又从哈大底谢的城邑提巴和均，夺取了许多铜；所罗门就用这些铜制造铜海、铜柱和一切的铜器。
经上记着（代上18:1），大卫行了那些大事迹，是此后——是在前一章所记他借神的话语和祷告与神有甘甜相交之后；于是他以非常的精力和勇气继续他的工作，胜了又要胜。这样，雅各在见异象之后，举起脚来再前行（创29:1）。
我们前面已看过这些胜利，如今只观察：一、那些长久作神之以色列仇敌的，至终必被降卑。非利士人几代以来一直烦扰以色列，如今大卫把他们制伏了（代上18:1）。如此，到了时候的末了，一切反对的执政的、掌权的、有权能的，也必被大卫的子孙废去，最顽梗的仇敌也必仆倒在他面前。二、世事之无常，人常常在想巩固自己财富权势之时反而失了。哈大底谢往伯拉大河去要坚定自己的权势时被击杀（代上18:3）。三、马是为打仗所备的，靠马得救是枉然的——大卫如此说（诗33:17），看来他也信自己所说的，因为他把战车的马砍断蹄筋（代上18:4）。既决意不信靠它们（诗20:7），也就不愿使用它们。四、神教会的仇敌常常因彼此帮助反而自取灭亡（代上18:5）。大马色的亚兰人来帮助哈大底谢时就被击杀。当手与手如此相联，他们不仅不能免罚，反而要因此被聚到禾场上如禾捆（弥4:11-12）。五、罪人的财富有时竟是为义人积存的。亚兰人进贡（代上18:6）。他们的金盾牌和铜被带到耶路撒冷（代上18:7-8）。正如会幕是用埃及人的掠物建造的，圣殿也是用其他外邦列国的掠物建造——这是外邦人将在福音教会中有分的美好预兆。
⁹ 哈马王陀乌听见大卫杀败了琐巴王哈大底谢全军， ¹⁰ 他就差他儿子哈多兰去见大卫王，问他安，为他祝福，因为他与哈大底谢争战，杀败了他；（原来陀乌与哈大底谢常常争战；）并带着各样金、银、铜的器皿。 ¹¹ 大卫王也将这些器皿分别为圣献给耶和华，连同他从以东西亚、摩押、亚扪人、非利士人、亚玛力人各处所得的金和银，都分别为圣。 ¹² 洗鲁雅的儿子亚比筛在盐谷杀了以东人一万八千。 ¹³ 大卫在以东设立防营；以东人就都作了大卫的仆人。这样，大卫无论往哪里去，耶和华都使他得胜。 ¹⁴ 大卫作全以色列的王，向众民秉公行义。 ¹⁵ 洗鲁雅的儿子约押作元帅；亚希律的儿子约沙法作史官； ¹⁶ 亚希突的儿子撒督、亚比亚他的儿子亚希米勒作祭司；沙威沙作书记； ¹⁷ 耶何耶大的儿子比拿雅管辖基利提人和比利提人；大卫的众子都在王的左右作首领。
我们在此当学习：一、把那些有神同在的人当作朋友，原是我们的益处。哈马王听见大卫大得成功，便差人去为他祝福，并以丰厚的礼物与他结盟（代上18:9-10）。与大卫的子孙相争，是徒然的。所以当嘴亲子，免得他发怒；愿地上的君王和审判官，以及一切卑微的人，都如此有智慧，如此受教。我们当献上的礼物，不是此处的金银器皿（凡没有这类礼物可献的，也都蒙他欢迎），而是我们的心和真诚的敬爱，我们当把自己的全人献给他当作活祭。二、神所赐福给我们的，我们当用以尊荣他。朋友的礼物如同仇敌的掠物，大卫都分别为圣献给耶和华（代上18:11），就是为建造和充实圣殿而存放起来。我们献给耶和华、为他荣耀而使用的那一份，才是最真实、最能使我们得安慰地称为己有的。愿我们的货物和所得，都归耶和华为圣（赛23:18）。三、无论在哪里把神带在身边的人，都可期望无论往哪里去都亨通蒙保。前面说过（代上18:6），此处又重述（代上18:13），耶和华无论往哪里去都使大卫得胜。 凡眼目时常仰望神的，神的眼目也常在他们身上。四、神赐人权能，不是要他们借以显大，而是要他们借以行善。大卫作全以色列王时，便向众民秉公行义，如此回应了他被高举的目的。他并不专注于外征以致忽略内政的施行。他这样服事了护理国度之目的，服事了那坐在宝座上按公义审判的神，他更是弥赛亚的明显预表——他国度的权杖是正正直的权杖。
英文原文
David's Victories (1042 BC)
¹ Now after this it came to pass, that David smote the Philistines, and subdued them, and took Gath and her towns out of the hand of the Philistines.
² And he smote Moab; and the Moabites became David's servants, and brought gifts.
³ And David smote Hadarezer king of Zobah unto Hamath, as he went to stablish his dominion by the river Euphrates.
⁴ And David took from him a thousand chariots, and seven thousand horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen: David also houghed all the chariot horses, but reserved of them a hundred chariots.
⁵ And when the Syrians of Damascus came to help Hadarezer king of Zobah, David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men.
⁶ Then David put garrisons in Syria-damascus; and the Syrians became David's servants, and brought gifts. Thus the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went.
⁷ And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadarezer, and brought them to Jerusalem.
⁸ Likewise from Tibhath, and from Chun, cities of Hadarezer, brought David very much brass, wherewith Solomon made the brasen sea, and the pillars, and the vessels of brass.
After this, it is said (1Ch 18:1), David did those great exploits. After the sweet communion he had had with God by the word and prayer, as mentioned in the foregoing chapter, he went on his work with extraordinary vigour and courage, conquering and to conquer. Thus Jacob, after his vision, lifted up his feet, Ge 29:1.
We have taken a view of these victories before, and shall now only observe, 1. Those that have been long enemies to the Israel of God will be brought down at last. The Philistines had, for several generations, been vexatious to Israel, but now David subdued them, 1Ch 18:1. Thus shall all opposing rule, principality, and power, be, at the end of time, put down by the Son of David, and the most inveterate enemies shall fall before him. 2. Such is the uncertainty of this world that frequently men lose their wealth and power when they think to confirm it. Hadarezer was smitten as he went to establish his dominion, 1Ch 18:3. 3. A horse is a vain thing for safety, so David said (Ps 33:17), and it seems he believed what he said, for he houghed the chariot-horses, 1Ch 18:4. Being resolved not to trust to them (Ps 20:7), he would not use them. 4. The enemies of God's church are often made to ruin themselves by helping one another, 1Ch 18:5. The Syrians of Damascus were smitten when they came to help Hadarezer. When hand thus joins in hand they shall not only not go unpunished, but thereby they shall be gathered as the sheaves into the floor, Mic 4:11,12. 5. The wealth of the sinner sometimes proves to have been laid up for the just. The Syrians brought gifts, 1Ch 18:6. Their shields of gold and their brass were brought to Jerusalem, 1Ch 18:7,8. As the tabernacle was built of the spoils of the Egyptians, so the temple of the spoils of other Gentile nations, a happy presage of the interest the Gentiles should have in the gospel church.
⁹ Now when Tou king of Hamath heard how David had smitten all the host of Hadarezer king of Zobah;
¹⁰ He sent Hadoram his son to king David, to enquire of his welfare, and to congratulate him, because he had fought against Hadarezer, and smitten him; (for Hadarezer had war with Tou;) and with him all manner of vessels of gold and silver and brass.
¹¹ Them also king David dedicated unto the LORD, with the silver and the gold that he brought from all these nations; from Edom, and from Moab, and from the children of Ammon, and from the Philistines, and from Amalek.
¹² Moreover Abishai the son of Zeruiah slew of the Edomites in the valley of salt eighteen thousand.
¹³ And he put garrisons in Edom; and all the Edomites became David's servants. Thus the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went.
¹⁴ So David reigned over all Israel, and executed judgment and justice among all his people.
¹⁵ And Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the host; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, recorder.
¹⁶ And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Abimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests; and Shavsha was scribe;
¹⁷ And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and the sons of David were chief about the king.
Here let us learn, 1. That it is our interest to make those our friends who have the presence of God with them. The king of Hamath, hearing of David's great success, sent to congratulate him and to court his favour with a noble present, 1Ch 18:9,10. It is in vain to contend with the Son of David. Kiss the Son, therefore, lest he be angry; let the kings and judges of the earth, and all inferior people too, be thus wise, thus instructed. The presents we are to bring him are not vessels of gold and silver, as here (those shall be welcomed to him who have no such presents to bring), but our hearts and sincere affections, our whole selves, we must present to him as living sacrifices. 2. That what God blesses us with we must honour him with. The presents of his friends, as well as the spoils of his enemies, David dedicated unto the Lord (1Ch 18:11), that is, he laid them up towards the building and enriching of the temple. That is most truly and most comfortably our own which we have consecrated unto the Lord, and which we use for his glory. Let our merchandise and our hire be holiness to the Lord, Isa 23:18. 3. That those who take God along with them whithersoever they go may expect to prosper, and be preserved, whithersoever they go. It was said before (1Ch 18:6) and here it is repeated (1Ch 18:13) that the Lord preserved David whithersoever he went. Those are always under the eye of God that have God always in their eye. 4. God gives men power, not that they may look great with it, but that they may do good with it. When David reigned over all Israel he executed judgment and justice among all his people, and so answered the end of his elevation. He was not so intent on his conquests abroad as to neglect the administration of justice at home. Herein he served the purposes of the kingdom of providence, and of that God who sits in the throne judging right; and he was an eminent type of the Messiah, the sceptre of whose kingdom is a right sceptre.
我们在前一章已经读过大卫的敬虔和他的祷告；此处紧接着的，正是人可以合理期待的——论到他的亨通；因为那些像大卫一样先求神的国和祂的义的人，必在神看为美好的限度之内，得着其他一切事物的加添。本章记载：I. 他在外的亨通。他征服了非利士人（代上 18:1）、摩押人（代上 18:2）、琐巴王（代上 18:3-4）、亚兰人（代上 18:5-8），使哈马王向他进贡（代上 18:9-11），并征服了以东人（代上 18:12-13）。II. 他在内的亨通。他的宫廷与国度尽都兴旺（代上 18:14-17）。这一切我们此前已经读过，记在撒下 8:1-18。