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英文原文
"Out of the eater comes forth meat." It was upon occasion of the terrible judgment inflicted on Israel for the sin of David that God gave intimation of the setting up of another altar, and of the place where he would have the temple to be built, upon which David was excited with great vigour to make preparation for that great work, wherein, though he had long since designed it, it should seem, he had, of late, grown remiss, till awakened by the alarm of that judgment. The tokens of God's favour he received after those of his displeasure, I. Directed him to the place, 1Ch 22:1. II. Encouraged and quickened him to the work. 1. He set himself to prepare for the building, 1Ch 22:2-5. 2. He instructed Solomon, and gave him a charge concerning this work, 1Ch 22:6-16. 3. He commanded the princes to assist him in it, 1Ch 22:17-19. There is a great deal of difference between the frame of David's spirit in the beginning of the former chapter and in the beginning of this. There, in the pride of his heart, he was numbering the people; here, in his humility, preparing for the service of God. There corruption was uppermost (but the well of living water in the soul, though it may be muddied, will work itself clear again); grace here has recovered the upper hand.
1-5
Preparations for the Temple (1017 BC)
建殿的预备（主前1017年）
¹ 大卫说：这就是耶和华神的殿，这就是为以色列献燔祭的坛。 ² 大卫吩咐聚集在以色列地的外人；他又派石匠凿石头，要建造神的殿。 ³ 大卫预备许多铁，作门上的钉子和钩子；又预备许多铜，多得无法可称； ⁴ 又预备无数的香柏木；因为西顿人和推罗人给了大卫许多香柏木。 ⁵ 大卫说：我儿子所罗门还年幼胆怯，为耶和华建造的殿宇必须宏伟，名声荣耀传遍万国；所以我要为殿预备。于是大卫在未死之先，预备的材料甚多。
此处有：I. 建造圣殿之地的确定（代上22:1）：大卫说，借神的启示，并宣告他的心意，这就是耶和华神的殿。 若要为神建殿，把地的选择交给他原是合宜的，因为全地都是他的；这就是他所拣选之地——一块属耶布斯人的地，或许耶路撒冷内外再无第二处如此之地——这是福音圣殿将在外邦人中间设立的美好预兆。参徒15:16-17。这地原是一个禾场；因为活神之教会就是他的禾场，他的打谷，他禾场的谷（赛21:10）。基督的簸箕在他手中，要彻底扬净他的场。此处被定为殿址，因为此处就是坛址。圣殿是为祭坛而建。早有祭坛，很久之后才有殿。
II. 为那建筑所作的预备。大卫不可建造它，但他要尽其所能：他在未死之先，预备的材料甚多（代上22:5）。这表明他因想到自己年迈和日增的衰弱，知道自己离世将近，便在末后更殷勤地作这预备。我们手中为何神、为灵魂、为本世代可做之工，当趁死前尽心去做，因为死后无从设计，也无从工作。如今经上告诉我们：
一、是什么促使他作如此预备。他考虑两件事：（一）所罗门年幼胆怯，起初未必能以大力从事这事；所以若非他把轮子拨动，所罗门起头便有失去大量时间的危险，何况他既年幼，必受试探将这事拖延；若他发现材料已经备妥在手，工程最艰难的部分已经过去，这就能激发并鼓励他在即位之初便着手此事。当知：年长有经验的人当体贴年幼软弱的人，尽力供给他们帮助，使他们能容易地为神做工。（二）殿宇必须极宏伟，十分壮丽华美，坚固美观，样样都是同类中最好的；这是有充分理由的，因为这殿是为全地之主、伟大之神之尊荣而设，又作为基督的预表——基督里面有一切丰盛，里面藏有一切宝库。那时人要借感官之法受教。殿宇的宏伟能帮助敬拜者存圣洁的敬畏之心对待神，又能吸引外人来观看，看这世界的奇观，由此得以认识真神。所以此处设计它要名声荣耀传遍万国。大卫预言了它宏伟所带来的美好效果（诗68:29）：因你耶路撒冷的殿，列王必带贡物献给你。
二、他作了什么预备。总体而言，他预备得极其丰盛，下文将再述；此处特提香柏木和石头、铁和铜（代上22:2-4）。香柏木是从推罗人和西顿人得来的。推罗的民必来献礼物（诗45:12）。他又召集了工匠，就是在以色列地的外人。有人以为他雇用他们，因他们通常比以色列人更巧于手艺；或者更可能是因他不愿让生为自由之民的以色列人做看似卑微奴役之事。他们从埃及作砖的奴役中被救出来，不可回去凿石。这些外人乃是归依犹太教的人，但虽不受奴役，他们与以色列人却不同等尊严。
英文原文
Preparations for the Temple (1017 BC)
¹ Then David said, This is the house of the LORD God, and this is the altar of the burnt offering for Israel.
² And David commanded to gather together the strangers that were in the land of Israel; and he set masons to hew wrought stones to build the house of God.
³ And David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the joinings; and brass in abundance without weight;
⁴ Also cedar trees in abundance: for the Zidonians and they of Tyre brought much cedar wood to David.
⁵ And David said, Solomon my son is young and tender, and the house that is to be builded for the LORD must be exceeding magnifical, of fame and of glory throughout all countries: I will therefore now make preparation for it. So David prepared abundantly before his death.
Here is, I. The place fixed for the building of the temple (1Ch 22:1): Then David said, by inspiration of God, and as a declaration of his mind, This is the house of the Lord God. If a temple must be built for God, it is fit that it be left to him to choose the ground, for all the earth is his; and this is the ground he makes choice of-ground that pertained to a Jebusite, and perhaps there was not a spot of ground besides, in or about Jerusalem, that did so—a happy presage of the setting up of the gospel temple among the Gentiles. See Ac 15:16,17. The ground was a threshing-floor; for the church of the living God is his floor, his threshing, and the corn of his floor, Isa 21:10. Christ's fan is in his hand, thoroughly to purge his floor. This is to be the house because this is the altar. The temple was built for the sake of the altar. There were altars long before there were temples.
II. Preparation made for that building. David must not build it, but he would do all he could towards it: He prepared abundantly before his death, 1Ch 22:5. This intimates that the consideration of his age and growing infirmities, which showed him his death approaching, quickened him, towards his latter end, to be very diligent in making this preparation. What our hands find to do for God, and our souls, and our generation, let us do it with all our might before our death, because, after death, there is no device nor working. Now we are here told,
1. What induced him to make such preparation. Two things he considered:—(1.) That Solomon was young and tender, and not likely to apply with any great vigour to this business at first; so that, unless he found the wheels set a-going, he would be in danger of losing a great deal of time at first, the rather because, being young, he would be tempted to put it off; whereas, if he found the materials got ready to his hand, the most difficult part of the work would be over, and this would excite and encourage him to go about it in the beginnings of his reign. Note, Those that are aged and experienced should consider those that are young and tender, and provide them what help they can, that they may make the work of God as easy to them as possible. (2.) That the house must be exceedingly magnificent, very stately and sumptuous, strong and beautiful, every thing about it the best in its kind, and for a good reason, since it was intended for the honour of the great God, the Lord of the whole earth, and was to be a type of Christ, in whom all fulness dwells and in whom are hid all treasures. Men were then to be taught by sensible methods. The grandeur of the house would help to affect the worshippers with a holy awe and reverence of God, and would invite strangers to come to see it, and the wonder of the world, who thereby would be brought acquainted with the true God. Therefore it is here designed to be of fame and glory throughout all countries. David foretold this good effect of its being magnificent, Ps 68:29 Because of thy temple at Jerusalem shall kings bring presents unto thee.
2. What preparation he made. In general, he prepared abundantly, as we shall find afterwards; cedar and stones, iron and brass, are here specified, 1Ch 22:2-4. Cedar he had from the Tyrians and the Zidonians. The daughter of Tyre shall be there with a gift, Ps 45:12. He also got workmen together, the strangers that were in the land of Israel. Some think that he employed them because they were generally better artists, and more ingenious in manual operations, than the Israelites; or, rather, because he would not employ the free-born Israelites in any thing that looked mean and servile. They were delivered from the bondage of making bricks in Egypt, and must not return to hew stone. These strangers were proselytes to the Jewish religion, but, though not enslaved, they were not of equal dignity with Israelites.
6-16
The Charge to Solomon (1015 BC)
对所罗门的嘱托（主前1015年）
⁶ 大卫召了他儿子所罗门来，嘱咐他给耶和华以色列的神建造殿宇。 ⁷ 大卫对所罗门说：我儿啊，我本有意为耶和华我神的名建造殿宇； ⁸ 耶和华的话却临到我说：你流了多人的血，打了多次大仗；你不可为我的名建造殿宇，因为你在地上流了多人的血在我眼前。 ⁹ 你必生一个儿子；他必作太平的人；我必使他安靖，不被四围的仇敌扰乱；他的名要叫所罗门；他在位的日子，我必使以色列人平安康泰。 ¹⁰ 他必为我的名建造殿宇；他要作我的子，我要作他的父；我必坚定他作以色列的国位，直到永远。 ¹¹ 我儿啊，现在愿耶和华与你同在，使你亨通，建造耶和华你神的殿，正如他指着你所说的。 ¹² 但愿耶和华赐你聪明智慧，好治理以色列，使你谨守耶和华你神的律法。 ¹³ 你若谨守遵行耶和华借摩西吩咐以色列的律例典章，就必亨通；你当刚强壮胆，不要惧怕，也不要惊惶。 ¹⁴ 我在困难之中，为耶和华的殿预备了金子十万他连得、银子一百万他连得；铜铁多得无法可称；我也预备了木头石头；你还可以增添。 ¹⁵ 你还有许多匠人，就是凿石头的、木匠，和一切有智慧的巧匠，能作各样工。 ¹⁶ 金、银、铜、铁，多得无数。你当起来办事，愿耶和华与你同在。
所罗门虽年幼胆怯，却已能接受教训，他父亲便就此就着他所定要作的工教训他。大卫登位之时，当作的事很多，因为根基都乱了；所罗门却只受托一件事，就是为耶和华以色列的神建造殿宇（代上22:6）。如今：
I. 大卫告诉他，自己为何不作这事。他本有意要作（代上22:7），但神不许，因为他流了多人的血（代上22:8）。有人以为这是指乌利亚的血，那罪加在他身上的耻辱使他配不得建殿的尊荣：但这尊荣在他流那血之前已经被禁止；所以此处所指的，必如经文所解释的，乃是他争战中所流的血（因为他从年少时便是战士）——这血虽是为事奉神和以色列而流，极为公义尊荣，却使他不宜于此项事奉，或更准确地说，比那从未被召作这等血腥之工的人更不宜。神以此作为搁置大卫不参与此工的理由，显明人命在他眼中何等宝贵，并有意预表那将要建造福音圣殿者——他不是借灭人的性命，而是借救人的性命（路9:56）。
II. 他告诉所罗门，为何把这任务交给他。一、因为神早已指定他作这事，提名他为当作这事的人：你必生一个儿子，要名叫所罗门，他必为我的名建造殿宇（代上22:9-10）。再没有别的更能有力地激励我们为神作任何事奉，并在其中鼓励我们，胜过知道我们为此蒙召。二、因为他将有闲时和机会作这事。他必作太平的人，所以他的时间、心思和财富不致被这事所分。他将安靖于外敌——他们无一入侵、威胁、或挑衅他——他又将在国内享有平安康泰；所以让他建造殿宇。当知：神赐安息之处，他指望有事奉。三、因为神已经应许坚定他的国。愿这激励他尊荣神，因为神已为他预备了尊荣；让他建立神的家，神必建立他的国位。当知：神恩惠的应许当激发并加强我们的敬虔事奉。
III. 他向他交代自己为这建筑所作的丰盛预备（代上22:14），并非出于骄傲自夸（他说得谦卑——"我在贫穷之中预备了"，参旁注），而是为要鼓励所罗门愉快地投入这工，因为根基已经奠定得如此稳固。此处所提的金十万他连得、银一百万他连得的财宝，数目大得几乎不可置信，所以大多数解经家要么认为抄本有误，要么以为这里的"他连得"不过指一块板或一块金属：我们称之为 ingots。我倾向认为此处是用确定的数字代表不确定的，因为经上记着（代上22:16），金、银、铜、铁，多得无数；又因为大卫此处把一切为耶和华的殿所分别为圣的物（代上18:11）都算在内——不仅为建造，也为宝库；合算起来，可能就近乎此处所言。我们常用百和千来表达极多，却不希望人严格理解。
IV. 他嘱咐他谨守神的诫命，凡事留心自己的本分（代上22:13）。他不可以为借建造圣殿就可以买到犯罪的特许；不，正相反，他若不谨守遵行耶和华所吩咐摩西的律例（代上22:13），建造圣殿也不蒙悦纳，也不被记念。他虽要作以色列的王，却当永远记得自己是以色列神的臣民。
V. 他鼓励他着手这大工，并在其中前进（代上22:13）："你当刚强壮胆。" 这虽是极大的工程，你却不必惧怕受那愚拙建造者的羞辱——他开工却无力完工；这是神的工，必臻于完全。不要惧怕，也不要惊惶。 在我们属灵的工作中，正如在属灵的争战中，我们需要勇气和决心。
VI. 他激励他不可满足于自己所作的预备，而要在其上增添（代上22:14）。凡进入别人劳碌、建基于别人优势之上的人，仍当继续改进。
VII. 他为他祷告：愿耶和华赐你聪明智慧，又使你治理以色列（代上22:12）。无论我们担何职任，若看见神把那职任赐给我们、召我们承担，就可盼望他赐我们聪明以履行其责。或许所罗门为自己所献的祷告——主啊，求你赐我智慧和聪明的心——正是着眼于父亲为他所作的这祷告。他结束的话是（代上22:16）：你当起来办事，愿耶和华与你同在。 盼望神的同在，不可放松我们的努力。主虽与我们同在，我们仍当起来办事；我们若如此行，就有理由相信他是、也将与我们同在。当作成你们得救的工夫，神也必在你们心里运行。
英文原文
The Charge to Solomon (1015 BC)
⁶ Then he called for Solomon his son, and charged him to build a house for the LORD God of Israel.
⁷ And David said to Solomon, My son, as for me, it was in my mind to build a house unto the name of the LORD my God:
⁸ But the word of the LORD came to me, saying, Thou hast shed blood abundantly, and hast made great wars: thou shalt not build a house unto my name, because thou hast shed much blood upon the earth in my sight.
⁹ Behold, a son shall be born to thee, who shall be a man of rest; and I will give him rest from all his enemies round about: for his name shall be Solomon, and I will give peace and quietness unto Israel in his days.
¹⁰ He shall build a house for my name; and he shall be my son, and I will be his father; and I will establish the throne of his kingdom over Israel for ever.
¹¹ Now, my son, the LORD be with thee; and prosper thou, and build the house of the LORD thy God, as he hath said of thee.
¹² Only the LORD give thee wisdom and understanding, and give thee charge concerning Israel, that thou mayest keep the law of the LORD thy God.
¹³ Then shalt thou prosper, if thou takest heed to fulfil the statutes and judgments which the LORD charged Moses with concerning Israel: be strong, and of good courage; dread not, nor be dismayed.
¹⁴ Now, behold, in my trouble I have prepared for the house of the LORD a hundred thousand talents of gold, and a thousand thousand talents of silver; and of brass and iron without weight; for it is in abundance: timber also and stone have I prepared; and thou mayest add thereto.
¹⁵ Moreover there are workmen with thee in abundance, hewers and workers of stone and timber, and all manner of cunning men for every manner of work.
¹⁶ Of the gold, the silver, and the brass, and the iron, there is no number. Arise therefore, and be doing, and the LORD be with thee.
Though Solomon was young and tender, he was capable of receiving instructions, which his father accordingly gave him, concerning the work for which he was designed. When David came to the throne he had many things to do, for the foundations were all out of course; but Solomon had only one thing in charge, and that was to build a house for the Lord God of Israel, 1Ch 22:6. Now,
I. David tells him why he did not do it himself. It was in his mind to do it (1Ch 22:7), but God forbade him, because he had shed much blood, 1Ch 22:8. Some think this refers to the blood of Uriah, which fastened such a reproach upon him as rendered him unworthy the honour of building the temple: but that honour was forbidden him before he had shed that blood; therefore it must be meant, as it is here explained, of the blood he shed in his wars (for he had been a man of war from his youth), which, though shed very justly and honourably in the service of God and Israel, yet made him unfit to be employed in this service, or rather less fit than another that had never been called to such bloody work. God, by assigning this as the reason of laying David aside from this work, showed how precious human life is to him, and intended a type of him who should build the gospel temple, not by destroying men's lives, but by saving them, Lu 9:56.
II. He gives him the reason why he imposed this task upon him. 1. Because God had designed him for it, nominated him as the man that should do it: A son shall be born to thee, that shall be called Solomon, and he shall build a house for my name, 1Ch 22:9,10. Nothing is more powerful to engage us to any service for God, and encourage us in it, than to know that hereunto we are appointed. 2. Because he would have leisure and opportunity to do it. He should be a man of rest, and therefore should not have his time, or thoughts, or wealth, diverted from this business. He should have rest from his enemies abroad (none of them should invade or threaten him, or give him provocation), and he should have peace and quietness at home; and therefore let him build the house. Note, Where God gives rest he expects work. 3. Because God had promised to establish his kingdom. Let this encourage him to honour God, that God had honour in store for him; let him build up God's house, and God will build up his throne. Note, God's gracious promises should quicken and invigorate our religious service.
III. He delivers him an account of the vast preparations he had made for this building (1Ch 22:14), not in a way of pride and vain glory (he speaks of it as a poor thing—I have, in my poverty, prepared, margin), but as an encouragement to Solomon to engage cheerfully in the work, for which so solid a foundation was laid. The treasure here mentioned of the 100,000 talents of gold, and 1,000,000 talents of silver, amounts to such an incredible sum that most interpreters either allow an error in the copy or think the talent here signifies no more than a plate or piece: ingots we call them. I am inclined to suppose that a certain number is here put for an uncertain, because it is said (1Ch 22:16) that of the gold and silver, as well as of the brass and iron, there was no number, and that David here includes all the dedicated things (1Ch 18:11) which he designed for the house of the Lord, that is, not only for the building of it, but for the treasure of it; and putting all together, it might come pretty near what is here spoken of. Hundreds and thousands are numbers which we often use to express that which is very much, when yet we would not be understood strictly.
IV. He charges them to keep God's commandments and to take heed to his duty in every thing, 1Ch 22:13. He must not think by building the temple to purchase a dispensation to sin; no, on the contrary, his doing that would not be accepted, nor accounted of, if he did not take heed to fulfil the statutes which the Lord charged Moses with, 1Ch 22:13. Though he was to be king of Israel, he must always remember that he was a subject to the God of Israel.
V. He encourages him to go about this great work, and to go on in it (1Ch 22:13): "Be strong, and of good courage, Though it is a vast undertaking, thou needest not fear coming under the reproach of the foolish builder, who began to build and was not able to finish it; it is God's work, and it shall come to perfection. Dread not, nor be dismayed." In our spiritual work, as well as in our spiritual warfare, we have need of courage and resolution.
VI. He quickens him not to rest in the preparations he had made, but to add thereto, 1Ch 22:14. Those that enter into the labours of others, and build upon their advantages, must still be improving.
VII. He prays for him: The Lord give thee wisdom and understanding, and give thee charge concerning Israel, 1Ch 22:12. Whatever charge we have, if we see God giving us the charge and calling us to it, we may hope he will give us wisdom for the discharge of it. Perhaps Solomon had an eye to this prayer of his father for him, in the prayer he offered for himself: Lord, give me a wise and understanding heart. He concludes (1Ch 22:16), Up, and be doing, and the Lord be with thee. Hope of God's presence must not slacken our endeavours. Though the Lord be with us, we must rise and be doing, and, if we do this, we have reason to believe he is and will be with us. Work out your salvation, and God will work in you.
17-19
The Charge to the Princes of Israel (1015 BC)
对以色列众首领的训勉（公元前1015年）
¹⁷ 大卫又吩咐以色列的众首领帮助他儿子所罗门，说： ¹⁸ 耶和华你们的神不是与你们同在吗？他不是叫你们四围平安吗？因他已将这地的居民交在我手中；这地在耶和华和他百姓面前已经被制伏了。 ¹⁹ 现在你们当立定心意，寻求耶和华你们的神；你们也当起来，建造耶和华神的圣所，好将耶和华的约柜和神的圣器皿，都搬进为耶和华之名所建造的殿里。
大卫在此呼召以色列的众首领协助所罗门，帮助他成就他当行的伟大事工，各人尽其所能帮助推进这事。在位的人若没有周围之人的同心襄助，便不能行他们所愿行的善。所以大卫要众首领辅佐所罗门、激励他，并各尽其位使这工在他手中易于推进。1. 他向他们指出自己所蒙何等的本分当在此事上发热心——为神为他们所行的善事向他感恩。神已将得胜、平安，并美地为业赐给他们（代上22:18）。神为我们行的越多，我们当越发热心为他行事。2. 他劝他们当以何事为发热心的动力（代上22:19）："你们当'立定心意的灵，寻求神'"——以他的恩惠为你们的福分，以他的荣耀为你们的目标。当寻求他，以他为你们的至善和最高的目的，并要"立定心意"如此行。把信仰当作你们的选择和事业；那时你们就必不吝惜劳苦或花费，去推进他圣所的建造。"心若真诚归向神，头和手、产业和势力，以及一切，都必乐意为他使用。"
（注：原文最后引文中的"心若真诚归向神"为意译补足，原文意为"心若向神真诚"。）
英文原文
The Charge to the Princes of Israel (1015 BC)
¹⁷ David also commanded all the princes of Israel to help Solomon his son, saying,
¹⁸ Is not the LORD your God with you? and hath he not given you rest on every side? for he hath given the inhabitants of the land into mine hand; and the land is subdued before the LORD, and before his people.
¹⁹ Now set your heart and your soul to seek the LORD your God; arise therefore, and build ye the sanctuary of the LORD God, to bring the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and the holy vessels of God, into the house that is to be built to the name of the LORD.
David here engages the princes of Israel to assist Solomon in the great work he had to do, and every one to lend him a hand towards the carrying of it on. Those that are in the throne cannot do the good they would, unless those about the throne set in with them. David would therefore have the princes to advise Solomon and quicken him, and make the work as easy to him as they could, by promoting it every one in his place. 1. He shows them what obligations they lay under to be zealous in this matter, in gratitude to God for the great things he had done for them. He had given them victory, and rest, and a good land for an inheritance, 1Ch 22:18. The more God has done for us the more we should study to do for him. 2. He presses that upon them which should make them zealous in it (1Ch 22:19): "Set your heart and soul to seek God, place your happiness in his favour, and keep your eye upon his glory. Seek him as your chief good and highest end, and this with your heart and soul. Make religion your choice and business; and then you will grudge no pains nor cost to promote the building of his sanctuary." Let but the heart be sincerely engaged for God, and the head and hand, the estate and interest, and all will be cheerfully employed for him.
"从吃的当中出来了食物。"（参士 14:14）正是因着大卫的罪致使以色列遭受可怕的审判之际，神才示意要另立一座坛，并指明祂愿圣殿建造之处；大卫因此大受激励，殷勤地为这一重大工程作预备。这件事他早有筹划，但近来似乎渐趋懈怠，直到被那审判的警钟所唤醒。在大卫领受神不悦的记号之后，又领受了神恩宠的记号，这些记号：I. 引导他寻得那地方（代上 22:1）。II. 鼓励并催促他动工。1. 他自己着手为建殿作预备（代上 22:2-5）。2. 他训勉所罗门，将这工程的重托交托给他（代上 22:6-16）。3. 他吩咐众首领在这事上协助他（代上 22:17-19）。大卫灵性在前一章开头与本章开头的状态，有着天壤之别。在那里，他心高气傲，正在数点百姓；在这里，他却谦卑下来，为事奉神作预备。在那里，败坏占了上风（但人灵魂中那活水的泉源，虽被搅浑，终必再变为澄澈）；在这里，恩典已重新掌权。