1
1Ch 12:1-22.
英文原文
1Ch 12:1-22.
THE COMPANIES THAT CAME TO DAVID AT ZIKLAG.
1-7. Now these are they that came to David to Ziklag--There are three lists given in this chapter, arranged, apparently, according to the order of time when the parties joined the standard of David.
while he yet kept himself close because of Saul--that is, when the king's jealousy had driven him into exile from the court and the country.
Ziklag--(See on
1Sa 27:6).
It was during his retirement in that Philistine town that he was joined in rapid succession by the heroes who afterwards contributed so much to the glory of his reign.
2
無標題
2. 便雅憫人,掃羅的族弟兄——即屬便雅憫支派的人
(參
1Ch 12:29),
但他們當中有些人可能是王的親屬。這一運動無疑是在聖靈暗中的感動之下發生的,對大衛的事業具有極大的重要性,因為它必然建立在他們所觀察到的事實之上:神的祝福顯然已離開掃羅,而他與大衛同在;眾人皆知,以色列的神聖君王已將王冠作為繼承權賜給了大衛。最先前來歸附的便雅憫人,以及他們與他同甘共苦的決心,對大衛而言必定格外令人欣慰。這是那些享有最佳消息來源之人,對他無瑕疵品格之卓越所作的公開而有力的見證,也是對一項嚴重不義的斷然抗議——那便是無緣無故地將一位對國家建有如此殊勳的人放逐。
英文原文
2. of Saul's brethren of Benjamin--that is, of the tribe of Benjamin (compare
1Ch 12:29),
but some of them might be relatives of the king. This movement to which the parties were led, doubtless by the secret impulse of the Spirit, was of vast importance to the cause of David, as it must have been founded on their observation of the evident withdrawal of God's blessing from Saul, and His favoring presence with David, to whom it was universally known the Divine King of Israel had given the crown in reversion. The accession of the Benjamites who came first and their resolution to share his fortunes must have been particularly grateful to David. It was a public and emphatic testimony by those who had enjoyed the best means of information to the unblemished excellence of his character, as well as a decided protest against the grievous wrong inflicted by causelessly outlawing a man who had rendered such eminent services to his country.
4
無標題
4. 基比亞人以實瑪雅——看來不但那被收納入會眾中的迦南人
(Jos 9:1-27)，
連便雅憫支派的人，也住在基遍人之中。這裏提到「基德羅人」，大概出自猶大低地的基德拉
(Jos 15:36)；
又提到可拉族
(1Ch 12:6)，
出自可拉
(1Ch 2:43)；
以及基多
(1Ch 12:7)，
乃是猶大的一座城，位於伯利恆西南方（參
1Ch 4:4）。
這些都表明這第一份名單中，既有猶大人，也有便雅憫人〔BERTHEAU〕。
英文原文
4. Ismaiah the Gibeonite--It appears that not only the Canaanites who were admitted into the congregation
(Jos 9:1-27),
but people of the tribe of Benjamin, were among the inhabitants of Gibeon. The mention of "the Gederathite," probably from Gederah
(Jos 15:36),
in the lowlands of Judah; of the Korhites
(1Ch 12:6),
from Korah
(1Ch 2:43),
and of Gedor
(1Ch 12:7),
a town in Judah, to the southwest of Beth-lehem (compare
1Ch 4:4),
shows that this first list contains men of Judah as well as Benjamin [BERTHEAU].
8
無標題
8-13. 迦得人中有一些人歸向大衛——即脫離掃羅的軍隊，以及脫離那些仍忠於其事業的其他迦得人。
到了山寨——或作保障，即猶大曠野中的洗革拉。
面貌好像獅子的面貌等——兇猛如獅子的面容
(2Sa 1:23)，
以及追趕時的迅速
(2Sa 2:18)，
在古代戰爭中乃是最受看重的品質。
英文原文
8-13. of the Gadites there separated themselves unto David--that is, from the service of Saul and from the rest of the Gadites who remained steadfast adherents of his cause.
into the hold--or fortress, that is, of Ziklag, which was in the wilderness of Judah.
whose faces were like the faces of lions, &c.--A fierce, lion-like countenance
(2Sa 1:23),
and great agility in pursuit
(2Sa 2:18),
were qualities of the highest estimation in ancient warfare.
14
無標題
14. 最小的能抵擋一百人，最大的能抵擋一千人——大衛在洗革拉時，並沒有足夠的兵力可以給這些人每人統帥這麼多的人。因此顯然必須另尋解釋；若把譯者所補的「能」字除外，這段話的意思乃是：最小的能擊潰一百人，最大的則等於一千個普通人的價值；這是一種強烈的誇張說法，用以表達他們非凡的勇武。
英文原文
14. one of the least was over an hundred, and the greatest over a thousand--David, while at Ziklag, had not so large an amount of forces as to give to each of these the command of so many men. Another meaning, therefore, must obviously be sought, and excluding was, which is a supplement by our translators, the import of the passage is, that one of the least could discomfit a hundred, and the greatest was worth a thousand ordinary men; a strong hyperbole to express their uncommon valor.
15
無標題
15. 正月裏約但河水漫過兩岸的時候，他們過了河——即在春天，那時河水暴漲，通常漲滿了河道兩岸（參
Jos 3:14;
Jos 4:19;
Jos 5:10）。
把兩邊所有的居民都趕跑了——這大概是在他們分別出來歸向大衛、其意圖被發覺之時所作的；他們不得不從掃羅的擁護者中間殺出一條出路，無論在東岸或西岸都是如此。在這樣的時節不可能取道渡口，而水流又猛烈湍急，這使得渡過約但河——無論這些迦得人如何完成——都成了一項了不起的壯舉。
英文原文
15. These are they that went over Jordan in the first month--that is, in spring, when the swollen river generally fills up the banks of its channel (see on
Jos 3:14;
Jos 4:19;
Jos 5:10).
they put to flight all them of the valleys--This was probably done at the time of their separating themselves and their purpose being discovered, they had to cut their passage through the opposing adherents of Saul, both on the eastern and western banks. The impossibility of taking the fords at such a time, and the violent rapidity of the current, make this crossing of the Jordan--in whatever way these Gadites accomplished it--a remarkable feat.
16
無標題
16. 便雅憫和猶大子孫——大概便雅憫人邀請猶大人同行，是為了避免大衛對他們起疑。正如後來的結果所表明的，他們的預期是有根據的。他確實懷疑他們；但大衛對他們前來投奔之動機的疑慮，很快就被亞瑪賽或亞瑪撒打消了；亞瑪賽受了聖靈暗中的感動，向他保證他們強烈的歸附與熱切的事奉，乃是出於一致的信念，認定他的事業為神所認可並賜福
(1Sa 18:12-14)。
英文原文
16. the children of Benjamin and Judah--It is probable that the Benjamites invited the Judahites to accompany them, in order to prevent David being suspicious of them. Their anticipations, as the result showed, were well founded. He did suspect them, but the doubts of David as to their object in repairing to him, were promptly dispelled by Amasai or Amasa, who, by the secret impulse of the Spirit, assured him of their strong attachment and their zealous service from a unanimous conviction that his cause was owned and blessed of God
(1Sa 18:12-14).
19
無標題
19-22. 瑪拿西人中有幾個——他們歸附的時間，被定為大衛隨非利士人前來與掃羅打仗之時。
他們卻沒有幫助他們——（參
1Sa 29:4）。
英文原文
19-22. there fell some of Manasseh--The period of their accession is fixed as the time when David came with the Philistines against Saul to battle.
but they helped them not--(See on
1Sa 29:4).
20
無標題
20. 他往洗革拉去的時候——那些瑪拿西人若是在他被非利士軍隊遣散之後、返回洗革拉時歸附他的，那麼他們的到來便是在基利波戰役開打之前（參
1Sa 29:11）。
他們既確信掃羅的事業已到了絕望的地步，便離棄他，決定轉而效忠大衛。但也有學者認為，他們是從那場慘敗的戰場上逃出來的〔CALMET 和 EWALD〕。
千夫長……瑪拿西支派的——這七個人是他們支派各大軍事分隊的統帥。
英文原文
20. As he went to Ziklag--If those Manassites joined him on his return to Ziklag, after his dismissal from the Philistine army, then their arrival took place before the battle of Gilboa could have been fought (compare
1Sa 29:11).
Convinced of the desperate state of Saul's affairs, they abandoned him, and resolved to transfer their allegiance to David. But some learned men think that they came as fugitives from that disastrous field [CALMET and EWALD].
captains of the thousands . . . of Manasseh--Those seven were commanders of the large military divisions of their tribe.
21
無標題
21, 22. 他們幫助大衛攻擊敵群——即在大衛不在之時搶掠了洗革拉的亞瑪力人。這次出征是由他全體部下進行的
(1Sa 30:9)，
他們作為大衛早日的幫手，與本章後半所提的人有所區別。
英文原文
21, 22. they helped David against the band--that is, the Amalekites who had pillaged Ziklag in David's absence. This military expedition was made by all his men
(1Sa 30:9),
who, as David's early helpers, are specially distinguished from those who are mentioned in the latter portion of the chapter.
22
無標題
22. 神的軍兵——即一支強大的軍隊。
英文原文
22. the host of God--that is, a great and powerful army.
23
1Ch 12:23-40.
1Ch 12:23-40.
來到希伯崙歸附他的軍隊。
23. 這些人……就是來到希伯崙見大衛的數目——是在伊施波設死後（參
2Sa 5:1）。
要照耶和華的話，將掃羅的國位歸與他——
(1Ch 10:14; 11:3, 10)。
記述從南方的支派開始，利未與猶大和西緬同列，因為這支派大多數的首領住在猶大；記完北方各支派的代表之後，以約但河東的支派作結。
英文原文
1Ch 12:23-40.
THE ARMIES THAT CAME TO HIM AT HEBRON.
23. these are the numbers of the bands . . . that came to David to Hebron--after the death of Ish-bosheth (see on
2Sa 5:1).
to turn the kingdom of Saul to him, according to the word of the Lord--
(1Ch 10:14; 11:3, 10).
The account commences with the southern tribes, Levi being associated with Judah and Simeon, as the great majority of the leading men in this tribe resided in Judah; and, after recounting the representatives of the northern tribes, it concludes with those on the east of Jordan.
27
無標題
27. 亞倫家的首領耶何耶大——不是大祭司，因為那是亞比亞他
(1Sa 23:9)，
而是亞倫族勇士的領袖，據推測是比拿雅的父親
(1Ch 11:22)。
英文原文
27. Jehoiada, the leader of the Aaronites--not the high priest, for that was Abiathar
(1Sa 23:9),
but the leader of the Aaronite warriors, supposed to be the father of Benaiah
(1Ch 11:22).
29
無標題
29. 便雅憫……三千人——這個小數目表明這運動在該支派中不受歡迎；事實上，經上明說，群眾即使在伊施波設死後，仍竭力要使王冠保留在掃羅的家中。
英文原文
29. Benjamin . . . three thousand--This small number shows the unpopularity of the movement in this tribe; and, indeed, it is expressly stated that the mass of the population had, even after Ish-bosheth's death, anxiously endeavored to secure the crown in the family of Saul.
32
無標題
32. 以薩迦的子孫……通達時務等——猶太作者說，這支派的人在天文和物理科學方面的造詣格外突出；這話的用意大概是表明，有智慧和有學問的階層與軍人聯合，宣告支持大衛。
英文原文
32. children of Issachar, . . . that had understanding of the times, &c.--Jewish writers say that the people of this tribe were eminent for their acquirements in astronomical and physical science; and the object of the remark was probably to show that the intelligent and learned classes were united with the military, and had declared for David.
33
無標題
33. 西布倫……能列陣——即比其他人更有紀律的士兵。
不生二心——雖然他們人數眾多，卻全都對大衛有高度的善意。
英文原文
33. Zebulun . . . could keep rank--that is, were more disciplined soldiers than the rest.
not of double heart--Though their numbers were large, all were in a high degree well affected to David.
38
無標題
38. 以色列其餘的人也都一心要立大衛作王——即懷着一致的心願，要擁立他登基。
英文原文
38. all the rest also of Israel were of one heart to make David king--that is, entertained a unanimous desire for his elevation.
39
無標題
39, 40. 他們在那裏和大衛三日，吃喝——根據前幾節的陳述，這次聚集在希伯崙的武裝戰士共有三十萬人。食物供應充裕地提供，不但來自附近一帶的百姓，也來自遠方各地，因為人人都希望這慶典的慷慨與盛大，與這吉慶的場合相稱。
英文原文
39, 40. there they were with David three days, eating and drinking--According to the statements made in the preceding verses, the number of armed warriors assembled in Hebron on this occasion amounted to three hundred thousand. Supplies of provisions were abundantly furnished, not only by the people of the neighborhood, but from distant parts of the country, for all wished the festivities to be on a scale of liberality and magnificence suitable to the auspicious occasion.
1Ch 12:1-22.
在洗革拉投奔大衛的各隊勇士
1-7. 以下這些人來到洗革拉見大衛——本章記有三份名單,顯然是按各人投奔大衛旗號的時間先後排列。
因怕掃羅,他仍隱居之時——即王因嫉妒而將他逐出宮廷與鄉野之時。
洗革拉——(參
1Sa 27:6)。
正是他退居那座非利士城邑期間,後來為他的王權增光添彩的英雄們相繼前來歸附。