1
Ec 12:1-14.
英文原文
Ec 12:1-14.
1. As
Ec 11:9, 10
showed what youths are to shun, so this verse shows what they are to follow.
Creator--"Remember" that thou art not thine own, but God's property; for He has created thee
(Ps 100:3).
Therefore serve Him with thy "all"
(Mr 12:30),
and with thy best days, not with the dregs of them
(Pr 8:17; 22:6; Jer 3:4; La 3:27).
The Hebrew is "Creators," plural, implying the plurality of persons, as in
Ge 1:26;
so Hebrew, "Makers"
(Isa 54:5).
while . . . not--that is, before that
(Pr 8:26)
the evil days come; namely, calamity and old age, when one can no longer serve God, as in youth
(Ec 11:2, 8).
no pleasure--of a sensual kind
(2Sa 19:35; Ps 90:10).
Pleasure in God continues to the godly old
(Isa 46:4).
2
無標題
2. 藉以說明「禍患的日子」
(Jer 13:16)。
「光」、「日頭」等表示興盛；「黑暗」表示痛苦與災禍
(Isa 13:10；30:26)。
*雲彩……雨後*——雨後本可期盼日光（安慰），但僅得片刻一瞥，陰暗的雲彩（痛苦）又回來了。
英文原文
2. Illustrating "the evil days"
(Jer 13:16).
"Light," "sun," &c., express prosperity; "darkness," pain and calamity
(Isa 13:10; 30:26).
clouds . . . after . . . rain--After rain sunshine (comfort) might be looked for, but only a brief glimpse of it is given, and the gloomy clouds (pains) return.
3
無標題
3. 看守房屋的*——指保護身體的手與臂*，如同衛士守護宮殿
(Ge 49:24； Job 4:19； 2Co 5:1)，
如今卻已癱瘓無力。
*強壯的……屈身*——
(Jud 16:25, 30)。
如同支撐的柱子，指腳與膝蓋
(So 5:15)；
是身體最強壯的肢體
(Ps 147:10)。
*推磨的*——指臼齒。
*止息*——空閒無用。
*從窗戶往外看的*——指眼睛；視覺的能力從如窗扉開合的眼瞼下向外觀看。
英文原文
3. keepers of the house--namely, the hands and arms which protected the body, as guards do a palace
(Ge 49:24; Job 4:19; 2Co 5:1),
are now palsied.
strong men . . . bow--
(Jud 16:25, 30).
Like supporting pillars, the feet and knees
(So 5:15);
the strongest members
(Ps 147:10).
grinders--the molar teeth.
cease--are idle.
those that look out of the windows--the eyes; the powers of vision, looking out from beneath the eyelids, which open and shut like the casement of a window.
4
無標題
4. 街門*——指嘴脣*，老年人進食時緊閉如門；若不如此，食物便會掉出
(Job 41:14； Ps 141:3； Mic 7:5)。
*街上*——即朝街之處，指「外門」[MAURER 與 WEISS]。
*推磨的聲音*——牙齒幾乎脫落，進食時嘴脣又「緊閉」，咀嚼之聲幾乎聽不見。
*雀鳥*——指雞。東方人多半日出即起。但老年人因徹夜難眠或輾轉痛苦，倒更樂於更早起身，即在日出之前雞鳴之時
(Job 7:4)
[HOLDEN]。最微小的響聲也能將他們驚醒[WEISS]。
*歌唱的女子*——指發聲與賞樂的器官，即嗓音與耳朵。
英文原文
4. doors--the lips, which are closely shut together as doors, by old men in eating, for, if they did not do so, the food would drop out
(Job 41:14; Ps 141:3; Mic 7:5).
in the streets--that is, toward the street, "the outer doors" [MAURER and WEISS].
sound of . . . grinding--The teeth being almost gone, and the lips "shut" in eating, the sound of mastication is scarcely heard.
the bird--the cock. In the East all mostly rise with the dawn. But the old are glad to rise from their sleepless couch, or painful slumbers still earlier, namely, when the cock crows, before dawn
(Job 7:4)
[HOLDEN]. The least noise awakens them [WEISS].
daughters of music--the organs that produce and that enjoy music; the voice and ear.
5
無標題
5. 高處*——老年人害怕攀登山嶺*。
*路上所怕的*——即使在平坦的大路上，他們也滿心害怕跌倒等等。
*杏樹開花*——在東方，人的頭髮多半烏黑。老年人中白髮在烏髮者中，如同杏樹帶着白花，在周圍深色的樹木中[HOLDEN]。杏樹在冬季（對應老年，那時一切機能都已蟄伏），在無葉的枝幹上開花，而其他樹木皆無花。GESENIUS 將希伯來文「開花」一字取自另一字根，解作「脫落」；老年人失去他的白髮，正如杏樹脫落其白花。
*蚱蜢*——乾癟萎縮的老人，背脊凸出，雙膝前曲，兩臂後彎，頭顱低垂，骨節增大，正如那昆蟲。提託努斯（Tithonus）在極老時變爲蚱蜢的傳說即由此而來[PARKHURST]。「蝗蟲將要展翅飛去」；即將離開身體的老人，正如蝗蟲將要長出翅膀、振翅飛去之狀[MAURER]。
*重擔*——即對他自己而言成爲重擔。
*欲心*——將要消滅。武加大譯本將「欲心」譯作「山羊角樹」，爲激起情慾之物；並不甚妥。
*永遠的家*——
(Job 16:22；17:13)。
*弔喪的*——
(Jer 9:17-20)，
爲場合所僱
(Mt 9:23)。
英文原文
5. that which is high--The old are afraid of ascending a hill.
fears . . . in the way--Even on the level highway they are full of fears of falling, &c.
almond . . . flourish--In the East the hair is mostly dark. The white head of the old among the dark-haired is like an almond tree, with its white blossoms, among the dark trees around [HOLDEN]. The almond tree flowers on a leafless stock in winter (answering to old age, in which all the powers are dormant), while the other trees are flowerless. GESENIUS takes the Hebrew for flourishes from a different root, casts off; when the old man loses his gray hairs, as the almond tree casts its white flowers.
grasshoppers--the dry, shrivelled, old man, his backbone sticking out, his knees projecting forwards, his arms backwards, his head down, and the apophyses enlarged, is like that insect. Hence arose the fable, that Tithonus in very old age was changed into a grasshopper [PARKHURST]. "The locust raises itself to fly"; the old man about to leave the body is like a locust when it is assuming its winged form, and is about to fly [MAURER].
a burden--namely, to himself.
desire shall fail--satisfaction shall be abolished. For "desire," Vulgate has "the caper tree," provocative of lust; not so well.
long home--
(Job 16:22; 17:13).
mourners--
(Jer 9:17-20),
hired for the occasion
(Mt 9:23).
6
無標題
6. 用雙重意象來描繪死亡，正如
Ec 12:1-5
用意象描繪老年：（1）一盞燈，質地脆弱卻鍍上金；在東方常用絲與銀交織的繩索懸掛於屋頂；繩斷之時燈便墜落粉碎，人死之時也是如此。金燈盞對應頭顱，因其內所藏之寶貴精華而可稱爲「金的」；「銀鏈」對應脊髓，白而寶貴如銀，連於大腦。（2）一泉源，人用水罐繫於繞在滑輪上的繩索汲取其中之水；水罐與滑輪一旦破碎，便再不能汲水，照樣，生命的機能一旦衰竭，生命便止息。「泉源」可能指心臟的右心室；「水池」指左心室；水罐指靜脈；滑輪指主動脈[SMITH]。無論所羅門是否知道血液循環，聖靈借他口所說的話似乎已暗含此意。這幅老年的陰暗圖畫，適用於那些沒有「在年幼時記念造物主」之人。他們沒有神的安慰，這本是他們年輕時可以得着的；如今尋求已經太遲。敬虔之人的老年乃是祝福
(Ge 15:15； Job 5:26； Pr 16:31；20:29)。
英文原文
6. A double image to represent death, as in
Ec 12:1-5,
old age: (1) A lamp of frail material, but gilded over, often in the East hung from roofs by a cord of silk and silver interwoven; as the lamp is dashed down and broken, when the cord breaks, so man at death; the golden bowl of the lamp answers to the skull, which, from the vital preciousness of its contents, may be called "golden"; "the silver cord" is the spinal marrow, which is white and precious as silver, and is attached to the brain. (2) A fountain, from which water is drawn by a pitcher let down by a rope wound round a wheel; as, when the pitcher and wheel are broken, water can no more be drawn, so life ceases when the vital energies are gone. The "fountain" may mean the right ventricle of the heart; the "cistern," the left; the pitcher, the veins; the wheel, the aorta, or great artery [SMITH]. The circulation of the blood, whether known or not to Solomon, seems to be implied in the language put by the Holy Ghost into his mouth. This gloomy picture of old age applies to those who have not "remembered their Creator in youth." They have none of the consolations of God, which they might have obtained in youth; it is now too late to seek them. A good old age is a blessing to the godly
(Ge 15:15; Job 5:26; Pr 16:31; 20:29).
7
無標題
*7. 塵土*——指以塵土所造的身體。
*靈*——存留於身體之後；暗示其不朽
(Ec 3:11)。
英文原文
7. dust--the dust-formed body.
spirit--surviving the body; implying its immortality
(Ec 3:11).
8
無標題
8-12. 第一部分的總結。
*虛空*等等——重新提出全書開頭的話
(Ec 1:2； 1Jo 2:17)。
英文原文
8-12. A summary of the first part.
Vanity, &c.--Resumption of the sentiment with which the book began
(Ec 1:2; 1Jo 2:17).
9
無標題
9. 專心*——字面作「他衡量」。「教訓衆人」似乎是口頭的*；「箴言」則是筆之於書。因此必有聽衆聚集聽傳道者受感的智慧。參緒論中對 Koheleth 的解釋，以及
第1章
(1Ki 4:34)。
*所寫的*等等——宜譯作，（他尋求）「寫下正直（或『妥當』）的真理之言」[HOLDEN 與 WEISS]。
「可喜悅的」指悅人的文體；「正直……真理」指正確的思想。
英文原文
9. gave good heed--literally, "he weighed." The "teaching the people" seems to have been oral; the "proverbs," in writing. There must then have been auditories assembled to hear the inspired wisdom of the Preacher. See the explanation of Koheleth in the
Introduction,
and
chapter 1
(1Ki 4:34).
that which is written, &c.--rather, (he sought) "to write down uprightly (or, 'aright') words of truth" [HOLDEN and WEISS]. "Acceptable" means an agreeable style; "uprightly . . . truth," correct sentiment.
11
無標題
*11. 刺棍*——深深刺入人心
(Ac 2:37；9:5； Heb 4:12)；
顯然是受感的言語，如本節末尾所證。
*釘穩*——按希伯來文性別的講究，宜譯作（這些話）「如同釘子釘穩」[HOLDEN]。
*會中之師*——宜譯作「彙集之物（即受感格言之彙集者，
Pr 25:1)的師尊，都出自（『作爲出於』[HOLDEN]）一個牧者」，即耶穌基督的靈[WEISS]，
(Eze 37:24)。
然而，提到「刺棍」支持英文譯本的「會中之師」，即受羣羊的大牧者
(1Pe 5:2-4)
所感的羣下的牧者。SCHMIDT 譯作：「會中之師釘穩如釘」，如
Isa 22:23。
英文原文
11. goads--piercing deeply into the mind
(Ac 2:37; 9:5; Heb 4:12);
evidently inspired words, as the end of the verse proves.
fastened--rather, on account of the Hebrew genders, (The words) "are fastened (in the memory) like nails" [HOLDEN].
masters of assemblies--rather, "the masters of collections (that is, collectors of inspired sayings,
Pr 25:1),
are given ('have published them as proceeding' [HOLDEN]) from one Shepherd," namely, the Spirit of Jesus Christ [WEISS],
(Eze 37:24).
However, the mention of "goads" favors the English Version, "masters of assemblies," namely, under-shepherds, inspired by the Chief Shepherd
(1Pe 5:2-4).
SCHMIDT translates, "The masters of assemblies are fastened (made sure) as nails," so
Isa 22:23.
12
無標題
12.（參閱
Ec 1:18)。
*許多書*——指單屬人所寫的書，與「這些」相對；這些受感的著作纔是「警戒」的唯一可靠源頭。
*（過度）讀書*——單讀人書使身體疲乏，對靈魂並無實益。
英文原文
12. (See on
Ec 1:18).
many books--of mere human composition, opposed to "by these"; these inspired writings are the only sure source of "admonition."
(over much) study--in mere human books, wearies the body, without solidly profiting the soul.
13
無標題
13. 全書的總結論。
*敬畏神*——是追隨受造之物爲偶像及種種「虛空」的解藥，無論是自義
(Ec 7:16, 18)，
還是惡意的欺壓及其他惡行
(Ec 8:12, 13)，
或狂妄的歡樂
(Ec 2:2；7:2-5)，
或自苦的貪婪
(Ec 8:13, 17)，
或沒有神的青春
(Ec 11:9；12:1)。
*這是人一切的本分*——字面作「這就是整個人」，即人原初所設的完全理想，唯耶穌基督一人完全實現；並藉着祂，如今聖徒部分實現，將來完全實現
(1Jo 3:22-24； Re 22:14)。
英文原文
13. The grand inference of the whole book.
Fear God--The antidote to following creature idols, and "vanities," whether self-righteousness
(Ec 7:16, 18),
or wicked oppression and other evils
(Ec 8:12, 13),
or mad mirth
(Ec 2:2; 7:2-5),
or self-mortifying avarice
(Ec 8:13, 17),
or youth spent without God
(Ec 11:9; 12:1).
this is the whole duty of man--literally, "this is the whole man," the full ideal of man, as originally contemplated, realized wholly by Jesus Christ alone; and, through Him, by saints now in part, hereafter perfectly
(1Jo 3:22-24; Re 22:14).
14
無標題
*14. 因爲人所作的事，神都必審問*——將來的審判，是檢驗何爲「虛空」、何爲堅實的標準，這是就至善——全書的主題——而言。
〔目錄〕
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Robert Jamieson、A. R. Fausset、David Brown
《聖經 critical 與 explanatory 註釋》（1871）
請將增補、勘誤與心得寄給編者
英文原文
14. For God shall bring every work into judgment--The future judgment is the test of what is "vanity," what solid, as regards the chief good, the grand subject of the book.
[Table of Contents]
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Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
Send Addenda, Corrigenda, and Sententiae to the editor
Ec 12:1-14。
1. 正如
Ec 11:9, 10
指出少年人當避開什麼，本節則指出他們當追求什麼。
*造物主*——「記念」你不是屬自己的，乃是屬神的產業；因爲是祂造了你
(Ps 100:3)。
所以當用你的「一切」事奉祂
(Mr 12:30)，
並且用你最好的日子，而不是用殘餘的末段光陰
(Pr 8:17；22:6； Jer 3:4； La 3:27)。
希伯來文作「造物主」是複數，暗示位格的複數，正如
Ge 1:26
所言；希伯來文的「造化者」亦是複數
(Isa 54:5)。
*趁……還未*——即在禍患與衰老之日到來之前
(Pr 8:26)，
那時人已不能像年輕時那樣事奉神
(Ec 11:2, 8)。
*毫無喜樂*——指屬肉體的喜樂
(2Sa 19:35； Ps 90:10)。
在敬虔的老年人身上，以神爲樂卻繼續不斷
(Isa 46:4)。