1
Le 21:1-24.
英文原文
Le 21:1-24.
OF THE PRIESTS' MOURNING.
1. There shall none be defiled for the dead among his people--The obvious design of the regulations contained in this chapter was to keep inviolate the purity and dignity of the sacred office. Contact with a corpse, or even contiguity to the place where it lay, entailing ceremonial defilement
(Nu 19:14),
all mourners were debarred from the tabernacle for a week; and as the exclusion of a priest during that period would have been attended with great inconvenience, the whole order were enjoined to abstain from all approaches to the dead, except at the funerals of relatives, to whom affection or necessity might call them to perform the last offices. Those exceptional cases, which are specified, were strictly confined to the members of their own family, within the nearest degrees of kindred.
4
無標題
4. 但祭司不可為自己沾染不潔——可補上「為別人」以充分表達其意。「祭司在履行聖職時，可視為百姓中的首領，他若因這些沾染而自玷，便是褻瀆自己」[BISHOP PATRICK]。譯作「首領」的那字也可指「丈夫」；照另一些人的見解，其意為：「但他既是丈夫，就不可因妻子的喪禮而沾染自己」
(Eze 44:25)。
英文原文
4. But he shall not defile himself--"for any other," as the sense may be fully expressed. "The priest, in discharging his sacred functions, might well be regarded as a chief man among his people, and by these defilements might be said to profane himself" [BISHOP PATRICK]. The word rendered "chief man" signifies also "a husband"; and the sense according to others is, "But he being a husband, shall not defile himself by the obsequies of a wife"
(Eze 44:25).
5
無標題
5. 不可使頭光禿……也不可……用刀劃身——異教徒在朋友死亡時所縱容的迷信哀傷記號與放縱過激行為，已以一條普遍的律法禁止希伯來人
(Le 19:28)。
但祭司更要受特別的吩咐，不僅使他們能在克制的哀傷中彰顯敬虔的榜樣，也因著約束自己的情感，更能向別人施予宗教的安慰，並藉著對蒙福復活的信心，表明他們哀傷卻不至於沒有盼望的緣由。
英文原文
5. They shall not make baldness upon their heads . . . nor . . . cuttings in their flesh--The superstitious marks of sorrow, as well as the violent excesses in which the heathen indulged at the death of their friends, were forbidden by a general law to the Hebrew people
(Le 19:28).
But the priests were to be laid under a special injunction, not only that they might exhibit examples of piety in the moderation of their grief, but also by the restraint of their passions, be the better qualified to administer the consolations of religion to others, and show, by their faith in a blessed resurrection, the reasons for sorrowing not as those who have no hope.
7
無標題
7-9. 不可娶妓女或污穢的女人為妻——平民可以建立幾種關係，但對祭司而言則被禁止，視為不適當或不合宜。他們職任的體面和宗教的尊榮，要求他們的家庭與他們本人一樣聖潔無瑕，他們若在這方面偏離，所受的刑罰比別人更重。
英文原文
7-9. They shall not take a wife that is a whore, or profane--Private individuals might form several connections, which were forbidden as inexpedient or improper in priests. The respectability of their office, and the honor of religion, required unblemished sanctity in their families as well as themselves, and departures from it in their case were visited with severer punishment than in that of others.
10
無標題
10-15. 弟兄中為首的大祭司……不可蓬頭散髮，也不可撕裂衣裳——上文
[Le 21:2, 3]
所提、批准普通祭司在家族喪事例外情況中的寬容，他被否定了；因為他若為除去所染的不潔而離開聖所，是無可寬免的，他若非在禮儀上潔淨，也不能為百姓代求。再者，他職任的崇高尊榮要求他在個人聖潔上有相應的優越，因此制定了嚴格的規條來維護其地位和家族的合宜尊嚴。同樣的規條也延伸到基督教傳道人的家庭
(1Ti 3:2; Tit 1:6)。
英文原文
10-15. he that is the high priest among his brethren . . . shall not uncover his head, nor rend his clothes--The indulgence in the excepted cases of family bereavement, mentioned above
[Le 21:2, 3],
which was granted to the common priests, was denied to him; for his absence from the sanctuary for the removal of any contracted defilement could not have been dispensed with, neither could he have acted as intercessor for the people, unless ceremonially clean. Moreover, the high dignity of his office demanded a corresponding superiority in personal holiness, and stringent rules were prescribed for the purpose of upholding the suitable dignity of his station and family. The same rules are extended to the families of Christian ministers
(1Ti 3:2; Tit 1:6).
16
無標題
16-24. 凡……有殘疾的，都不可近前來獻他神的食物——因為可見之物對人的心思有強大的影響，宗教事奉者若有任何身體上的軟弱或畸形，擾亂了聯想或惹人訕笑，便有損聖職的分量和權威。有個人缺陷的祭司不可主持公開的事奉；他們可在聖所從事某些次要的職務，卻不能擔任任何聖職。在這一切為保持聖潔品格和職任之無瑕純潔的規條中，都預表基督的祭司職任
(Heb 7:26)。
英文原文
16-24. Whosoever he be . . . hath any blemish, let him not approach to offer the bread of his God--As visible things exert a strong influence on the minds of men, any physical infirmity or malformation of body in the ministers of religion, which disturbs the associations or excites ridicule, tends to detract from the weight and authority of the sacred office. Priests laboring under any personal defect were not allowed to officiate in the public service; they might be employed in some inferior duties about the sanctuary but could not perform any sacred office. In all these regulations for preserving the unsullied purity of the sacred character and office, there was a typical reference to the priesthood of Christ
(Heb 7:26).
Le 21:1-24.
論祭司的居喪
1. 祭司不可為民中的死人沾染自己——本章所載規例的明顯目的，是要保持聖職的純潔與尊嚴。觸碰屍體，甚至挨近停放屍體之處，都會招致禮儀上的不潔
(Nu 19:14)，
因此一切弔喪者皆被禁止進入會幕七日；祭司在此期間被排除在外會造成極大不便，故整個祭司階層被吩咐不可接近死者，唯有在至親的喪事上例外——因感情或責任可能召他們去盡這最後的本分。這些特例均嚴格限於他們自己家中、關係最親近的親屬。