1
Le 4:1, 2.
英文原文
Le 4:1, 2.
SIN OFFERING OF IGNORANCE.
2
無標題
2. 若有人無意中犯了罪，違背了耶和華所吩咐的任何一條誡命——「魂」即指個人。一切罪，在某種意義上，都可視為「因無知」、錯誤、或對自己真正利益的誤解而犯的。然而此處律法所論的罪，乃是指無意中違犯了禮儀律法——因匆忙或疏忽而違犯了某些消極的誡命；這些誡命若故意明知而犯，就當處以死刑。
行了其中任何一樣——要表達其意，需補上「他當獻贖罪祭」。
英文原文
2. If a soul shall sin through ignorance against any of the commandments of the Lord--a soul--an individual. All sins may be considered, in a certain sense, as committed "through ignorance," error, or misapprehension of one's true interests. The sins, however, referred to in this law were unintentional violations of the ceremonial laws,--breaches made through haste, or inadvertency of some negative precepts, which, if done knowingly and wilfully, would have involved a capital punishment.
do against any of them--To bring out the meaning, it is necessary to supply, "he shall bring a sin offering."
3
Le 4:3-35.
Le 4:3-35.
祭司的贖罪祭
3. 受膏的祭司若犯罪——即大祭司；鑒於他那作為預表中保的身分與他崇高的職位，百姓在他身上有最深的利益；因此他若違背神聖律法的任何部分，無論是出於無知或疏忽，都是極嚴重的罪，既關乎他個人，也關乎他榜樣的影響。他所指的主要就是這人，雖然普通祭司階層也包括在內。
使百姓陷在罪裡——即給百姓帶來罪咎。他要取一隻公牛犢（年齡與性別均有明說），照燔祭所定的方式宰殺之後，要帶進聖所，將贖罪之血在幔子前彈七次，並在前往祭司院途中，用那鮮紅之血抹金香壇的角——這是專為極重大、極可憎之罪所設的莊嚴禮儀，表明他的罪雖是在無知中所犯，卻已使他的所有事奉失效；他若不以血贖罪，他所從事的任何職務都不能使他或百姓得益。
英文原文
Le 4:3-35.
SIN OFFERING FOR THE PRIEST.
3. If the priest that is anointed do sin--that is, the high priest, in whom, considering his character as typical mediator, and his exalted office, the people had the deepest interest; and whose transgression of any part of the divine law, therefore, whether done unconsciously or heedlessly, was a very serious offense, both as regarded himself individually, and the influence of his example. He is the person principally meant, though the common order of the priesthood was included.
according to the sin of the people--that is, bring guilt on the people. He was to take a young bullock (the age and sex being expressly mentioned), and having killed it according to the form prescribed for the burnt offerings, he was to take it into the holy place and sprinkle the atoning blood seven times before the veil, and tip with the crimson fluid the horns of the golden altar of incense, on his way to the court of the priests,--a solemn ceremonial appointed only for very grave and heinous offenses, and which betokened that his sin, though done in ignorance, had vitiated all his services; nor could any official duty he engaged in be beneficial either to himself or the people, unless it were atoned for by blood.
11
無標題
11. 公牛的皮和所有的肉——在通常的情況下，這些是祭司的所得。但在為大祭司之罪所需的贖罪中，祭牲的脂油在壇上獻過之後，屍體要搬到營外
[Le 4:12]，
好叫它在倒灰之處的全然焚燒，更顯著地表明這罪行的嚴重，以及神對此罪的憎惡（參
Heb 13:12, 13）。
英文原文
11. the skin of the bullock, and all his flesh--In ordinary circumstances, these were perquisites of the priests. But in the expiation necessary for a sin of the high priest, after the fat of the sacrifice was offered on the altar, the carcass was carried without the camp
[Le 4:12],
in order that the total combustion of it in the place of ashes might the more strikingly indicate the enormity of the transgression, and the horror with which he regarded it (compare
Heb 13:12, 13).
13
無標題
13-21. 以色列全會眾若誤犯了罪——由於對律法的某種有責的疏忽或誤解，百姓可能招致全國性的罪咎，那時就需要全國性的贖罪。所要獻的祭與前一種情況相同，但儀式上有此不同：長老或各支派的族長，作為百姓的代表、也是誤導會眾的主要肇事者，要按手在祭牲頭上。然後祭司將血帶進聖所，在那裡用指頭蘸血彈七次之後，在幔子前灑血七次。這事做完，他回到祭司院，登壇，將一些血抹在壇的角上；然後將其餘的血倒在壇腳。脂油是牲畜中唯一在壇上獻上的部分；因為屍體連同其附屬物和內臟，要搬到營外倒灰之處，在那裡用火燒盡。
英文原文
13-21. if the whole congregation of Israel sin through ignorance--In consequence of some culpable neglect or misapprehension of the law, the people might contract national guilt, and then national expiation was necessary. The same sacrifice was to be offered as in the former case, but with this difference in the ceremonial, that the elders or heads of the tribes, as representing the people and being the principal aggressors in misleading the congregation, laid their hands on the head of the victim. The priest then took the blood into the holy place, where, after dipping his finger in it seven times, he sprinkled the drops seven times before the veil. This done, he returned to the court of the priests, and ascending the altar, put some portion upon its horns; then he poured it out at the foot of the altar. The fat was the only part of the animal which was offered on the altar; for the carcass, with its appurtenances and offals, was carried without the camp, into the place where the ashes were deposited, and there consumed with fire.
22
無標題
22-26. 若官長犯了罪，誤行了耶和華所吩咐不可行的什麼事——無論政府形式如何，君王、審判官或下屬官長，都是這條律法所關涉的人。這樣的民事官員之過犯，在性質和後果上都不如大祭司或會眾的過犯嚴重，因此只要求價值較低的贖罪祭——「一隻公山羊」；血既不帶進聖所，只抹在燔祭壇上；屍體也不搬到營外，而是由值班祭司吃。
英文原文
22-26. When a ruler hath sinned, and done somewhat through ignorance against any of the commandments--Whatever was the form of government, the king, judge, or subordinate, was the party concerned in this law. The trespass of such a civil functionary being less serious in its character and consequences than that either of the high priest or the congregation, a sin offering of inferior value was required--"a kid of the goats"; and neither was the blood carried into the sanctuary, but applied only to the altar of burnt offering; nor was the carcass taken without the camp; it was eaten by the priests-in-waiting.
27
無標題
27-34. 平民中若有人誤犯了罪——在這種情況下，所定的贖罪祭是一隻母山羊，或一隻無瑕疵的母羊羔；儀式與犯罪官長的情況完全相同
[Le 4:22-26]。
在這後兩種情況中，贖罪祭的血是抹在燔祭壇上——即有血之祭被指定宰殺之處。但大祭司或全會眾的過犯，既使會幕的禮儀蒙上普遍的污點、使其事奉失效，便需要進一步的贖罪；因此在這些情況中，贖罪祭的血是抹在香壇上
[Le 4:6, 17]。
英文原文
27-34. if any one of the common people sin through ignorance--In this case the expiatory offering appointed was a female kid, or a ewe-lamb without blemish; and the ceremonies were exactly the same as those observed in the case of the offending ruler
[Le 4:22-26].
In these two latter instances, the blood of the sin offering was applied to the altar of burnt offering--the place where bloody sacrifices were appointed to be immolated. But the transgression of a high priest, or of the whole congregation, entailing a general taint on the ritual of the tabernacle, and vitiating its services, required a further expiation; and therefore, in these cases, the blood of the sin offering was applied to the altar of incense
[Le 4:6, 17].
35
無標題
35. 祭司必為他贖罪，他的罪必蒙赦免——這些祭物沒有一個具有內在的價值，足以使罪人的良心從罪的污染中得釋放，或從神那裡得著赦免；但它們使人從世俗的刑罰中得著形式的解脫
(Heb 9:13, 14)；
它們也是那將由基督獻上之完全而完美的贖罪祭的象徵性代表。
英文原文
35. it shall be forgiven him--None of these sacrifices possessed any intrinsic value sufficient to free the conscience of the sinner from the pollution of guilt, or to obtain his pardon from God; but they gave a formal deliverance from a secular penalty
(Heb 9:13, 14);
and they were figurative representations of the full and perfect sin offering which was to be made by Christ.
Le 4:1, 2.
誤犯之罪祭