BAHURIM Bahurim
영
Bahu'rim (Heb. *Bachurim', *בִּחֻרים, or [in 2Sa 3:16; 2Sa 19:17] בִּחוּרַים, *low grounds, *otherwise *young men's *village; Sept. Βαουρίμ, but Βαχουρίμ [v. r. Βαρακίμ] in 2Sa 3:16; Josephus Βαχουρής*, Ant. *7:9, 7, ed. Havercamp; for other var. readings, see Reland, *Palaest. *p. 614), a place not far from Jerusalem, of which the slight notices remaining connect it almost exclusively with the flight of David (q.v.) from his son Absalom (q.v.). It was apparently on or close to the road leading up from the Jordan valley to Jerusalem. Shimei, the son of Gera, resided here (2Sa 17:18; 1Ki 2:8), and from the village, when David, having left the "top of the mount" behind him, was making his way down the eastern slopes of Olivet into the Jordan valley below. Shimei issued forth, and running along (Josephus διατρεχων) on the side or "rib" of the hill over against the king's party, flung his stones and dust, and foul abuse (16:5), with a virulence which is to this day exhibited in the East toward fallen greatness, however eminent it may previously have been. Here in the court of a house was the well in which Jonathan and Ahimaaz eluded their pursuers (17:18). In his account of the occurrence, Josephus (*Ant. *7:9, 7) distinctly states that Bahurim lay off the main road (παῖδες ἐκτραπέντες τῆς ὁδοῦ)*, *which agrees well with the account of Shimei's behavior. Here Phaltiel, the husband of Michal, bade farewell to his wife on her return to king David at Hebron (2Sa 3:16). Bahurim must have been near the southern boundary of Benjamin; but it is not mentioned in the lists in Joshua, nor is any explanation given of its being Benjamite, as, from Shimei's residing there, we may conclude it was. In the Targum Jonathan on 2Sa 16:5, we find it given as *Almon *(עִלמֹן); but the situation of Almon (see Jos 21:18) will not at all suit the requirements of Bahurim. Dr. Barclay conjectures that the place lay where some ruins (apparently those called *Kubbeh *on Van de Velde's *Map, *near the remains of *Deir es-Sid, *as in Robinson's *Researches, *2:109) still exist close to a *Wady Ruwaby, *which runs in a straight course for three miles from Olivet toward Jordan, offering the nearest, though not the best route (*City of the Great King, *p. 563). AZMAVETH "the Barhumite" (2Sa 23:31), or "the Baharumite" (1Ch 11:33), one of the heroes of David's guard, is the only native of Bahurim that we hear of except Shimei. — Smith, s.v.
BAHURIM, LIEUT Bahurim, Lieut
영
Bahurim, Lieut.
Conder "accepts the Targum's identification of this place with Almon or Alemeth (now Almet), which he thinks is sufficiently near to the "top of the hill;" while the existence of numerous rockcut cisterns, with narrow mouths, illustrates the incident of the concealment of Jonathan and Ahimaaz (*Quar. Statement *of the "Pal. Explor. Fund," January, 1881, p.
45)-a very slender ground for the conclusion, as such cisterns abound in nearly every ancient locality in Palestine.
BAI Bai
영
Bai was the name of a special Egyptian priesthood, which was attached to the worship of the god Apis. It was held. by hereditary descent. Its duties and ceremonies are as yet unknown, but were probably sacrificial, as it is hieroglyphically expressed by a knife.
BAIAN Baian
영
Baian is said to have been the son of Simeon, king of the Bulgarians, who was so great a magician as to be able to transform himself into a wolf, or any other ferocious beast, whenever he wished to go out among his people to test their fidelity. He also had the power of renderinghimself invisible by the aid of powerful deemons.
BAIAS Baias
영
Baias in the religious legends of India, is one of the great philosophers, the son of Porosor, and of his wife, Sotti Obotti. The time in which he lived is not known, but of his wisdom the Vedas give evidence, which he collected, arranged, and divided into chapters and books.
BAIBAN Baiban
영
Baiban in India mythology, is the shining, ethereal wagon of heaven, on which the souls of the good are carried into Paradise near the mountain Meru.
BAIBEY, LEWIS Baibey, Lewis
영
Baibey, Lewis an English bishop and theologian, died in 1632. He wrote *Praxis Pietatis, *a work which had, in 1732, ninety editions. See Hoefer, *Nouv. Biog. Generale, *s.v.
BAIER, JOHANN DAVID Baier, Johann David
영
Baier, Johann David a Lutheran theologian of Germany, younger brother of Johann Wilhelm, was born at Jena, Dec. 30, 1681. In his native city, where he also studied, he received, in 1702, the magister degree. In 1706 he commenced his lectures in the philosophical faculty; but was called, in 1710, as deacon of St. Peter and Paul, at Weimar, and in 1716 as superintendent at Dornburg and Burgeln. In 1729 he succeeded his brother at Altorf, having at the same time received the degree of doctor of divinity. He died Sept. 11, 1752. He wrote, *Disputatio de Erroribus Politicis Constantino Magno Imputatis *(Jense, 1705):*Disp. de Phoenicibus, eorumque Studiis et Inventis.*(*ibid. *1709): — Ζήτημα *de Pietate Qucestuosa ad Tit. *3*, *5*, *6 (Altorf, 1732): — *Probl. Theol. utrum Johannes Baptista fuerit Thaumaturgus *(ibid. 1734): — *Spec. Philol.-theol. quo Literalis Sensus Eccles. *17:1, 6, *de Agricultura *I *Vndicatur *(ibid. 1737): — *Disp. de Nithinceis, Levitarum Famulis *(ibid. 1745). See Will, *Nurnberger GelehrtenLexikon; *Gottens, *Gelehrtes Europa, *pt. ii; Jocher, *Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexikon, *s.v. (B. P.)
BAIER, JOHANN WILHELM Baier, Johann Wilhelm
영
Baier, Johann Wilhelm a Lutheran theologian of Germany, oldest son of the writer of the same name, was born at Jena, June 12, 1675. He studied at his nlative place and at Halle; was in 1703 appointed adjunctus to the philosophical faculty at Jena, and in 1709 professor of theology and preacher at Altorf. He received the doctorate of divinity in 1710; and died May 24, 1729. He wrote, *De Excideo Sodomca: *— *De Quaestione- an Tenmpore Transitus Israelitarum fuerit Ordinarius. Fluxus et Refluxus Maris*: — *De Odore Vestiumn Esavi*: — *De Systemate Mundi Jobceo*: — *De Behemot*' *et Leviathan Elephante et Balena*: — *De Variantium Lectionum Novi Testamenti Usu et Abusu*: — *De *λόγῳ ἐμφύτῳ*: *— *De Verbis Christi *πάντες ὅσοι πρὸ ἐμοῦ*:Analysis et Vindicatio Illustr. Script. S. Dictorum. *See Zeltner, *Vitce Theologorum AltorJinorum; *Jocher, *Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexikon, *s.v. (B. P.)
BAIER, JOHN WILLIAM Baier, John William
영
Baier, John William a Lutheran divine, born at Nuremberg in 1647. He was a member of several German universities, and rector and theological professor of the University of Halle, where he died in 1694. He wrote, *Compendium Theologie Positive *(Jena, 1686, 8vo, often reprinted): — De *Purgatorio *(Jena, 1677, 4to): *— De Aqua lustrali Pontiffciorum *(Jena, 1692, 4to): *— Collatio doctrince Quackerorum et Protestantium *(Jena, 1694, 4to): *—*
*Biog. Univ. *3, 223; Winer, *Theol. Literatur. — Landon, Eccles. Dictionary, *s.v.
BAIL Bail
영
Bail (Heb. עָרַב, *arab', *to *become surety; *Gr. ἐγγυᾶσθαι)*, *as a legal regulation, does not occur in the Mosaic civil polity, nor is the word found in the Auth. Vers. of the Scriptures; but the custom nevertheless prevailed among the (later) Hebrews, as is evident from the many allusions to it in the Book of Proverbs. Indeed, these maxims are evidence of great rigor in the enforcement of such obligations (Pr 11:15; Pr 17:18; Pr 22:26), and recommend great caution (6 sq.) in view of the fact that the security was treated quite as severely as the debtor (comp. the Mishna, *Baba Bathra, *10:7) in whose stead he was held (Pr 20:16; Pr 22:27). A somewhat milder sentiment is expressed in the Apocrypha (Sir. 29:17), yet not without a warning to prudence (8 16; 29:21 [24]). *SEE SURETY*.
BAIL, JOHANN SAMUEL Bail, Johann Samuel
영
Bail, Johann Samuel a Protestant theologian of Germany, was bori Oct. 27, 1760, at. Griinberg, in Silesia; and died, as first pastor and superintendent, at Glogau, Oct. 27, 1760. He published, *Ueber die Religiositdt unsers Zeitalteras *(Leipsic, 1803): — *Neues Archiv fur Prediger *(Liegnitz, 1808-12, 3 vols.): — A *rchiv flir die Pastor alwissenschat/ *(1819-21, 3 *vols.*): — *CasualReden *(Glogau, .1801, 2d ed ): — *Unterhaltungenfiir nachdenkende Christen *(Hanover, 1817-19, 3 *vols.*): — *Entwurf eines kurzen und fasslichen katechetischen Unterrichts in der Lehre Jesu, *etc. (11th ed. 1841). See Winer, *Handbuch der theolog. Lit. *i. 486; ii, 38, 65, 163, 173, 205, 318, 337, 359, 362, 374; Zuchold, *Bibl. Theol. *i, 63. (B.P.)
BAIL, LOUIS Bail, Louis
영
Bail, Louis a French theologian, a native of Abbeville, was doctor of the Sorbonne (1628), rector of Montmartre, and sub-penitentiary of Paris, where he died in 1669. He wrote, *Summa Concilidrum *(1659)*: *— *De Triplici Examine Ordinandorum Confessorum et Paenitentium *(1651): — *Theologia Affectiva. *(1672): — *De Beneficio Crucis *(1653). See Hoefer, *Nouv. Biog. Generale, *s.v.
BAILATHBEER Bailathbeer
영
Ba'ilath-be'er (Hebrews *Badlath' Beer', *בּאֵר בִּעִלִת, *Baalah of *[or having] *a well;* Sept. Βααλάθ v. r. Βαλέκ), probably the same as the BAAL of 1Ch 4:33, a city of Simeon; mentioned in connection with RAMATH — *Negeb, *or *Southern Ramah *(Jos 19:8; comp. 1Sa 30:27), in such a manner as to make them identical (so the Sept. B. πορευομένων Βηῤῥαμώθ*; *Vulg. *Baalath-Beerramoth). SEE RAMATH*. It is also the same with the BEALOTH *SEE BEALOTH *(q.v.) of Judah (Jos 15:24). Other sacred wells in this parched region were the Beer-lahai-roi, the "well of the vision of God;" and Beer-sheba, the "well of the oath." *SEE BEER*.
BAILEY Bailey
영
Bailey (Lat. *ballium*)*, *a name given to the courts or wards of a castle formed by the spaces between the circuits of walls or defences which surrounded the keep: sometimes there were two or three of these courts between the outer wall and the keep, divided from each other by embattled walls. The name is frequently retained long after the castle itself has disappeared; as the Old Bailey in London, St. Peter's-in-the-Bailey in Oxford.
BAILEY, DUDLEY P Bailey, Dudley P
영
Bailey, Dudley P.
a Baptist minister, was born in Yarmouth, Me., about 1810, and was a graduate of Bowdoin College in the class of 1829. Having received a license from the Church in Yarmouth, he began his ministry in Greene, Me., in 1833, of which Church he was ordained pastor in 1835, where he remained one year, and then removed to Wayne, Me., where his ministry continued for two years (1836-38). Resigning at Wayne, he went to Cornville, Me., where he was pastor from 1839 to 1843. In 1844 he became pastor of the Church in St. Albans, Me., where he remained many years. His death occurred about the year 1875. See Millet, *Hist. of the Baptists of Maine, *p. 433. (J. C. S.)
BAILEY, GILES Bailey, Giles
영
Bailey, Giles a Universalist minister, was born in Acworth, N. H., May 7, 1815. He received a liberal education; began teaching school at the age of seventeen.; took private instruction in theology; was licensed to preach in 1839, and ordained in 1840. He labored successively two years in Winthrop, seven years in Brunswick, three years in Oldtown, three in Dexter, Me.; two in Claremont, N. H.; eight in Gardiner, two in Belfast, Me.; and then removed to Reading, Pa., where, after nine years of faithful labor, he closed his life, May 14, 1878. Mr. Bailey was an able, energetic, instructive, and interesting preacher, often thrilling his hearers with his impressive powers. He was a frequent and valuable contributor to his denominational papers, and was for some time editor of the *Universalist, *and three years editor of the *Register. *See *Universalist Register, *1879, p. 92.
BAILEY, HAMAN Bailey, Haman
영
Bailey, Haman a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born in Tennessee, but the date is unrecorded. He received a careful religious training; experienced conversion at a very early age, and in 1840 united with the Alabama Conference, and labored with unprecedented usefulness and acceptability until his decease, Jan. 11, 1845. Mr. Bailey was a thorough Bible student, a diligent preacher, a laborious pastor, and a devout Christian. See *Minutes of Annual Conferences, *1845, p. 594.
BAILEY, J Bailey, J
영
Bailey, J.
a Scotch Baptist minister, was born in 1785. That he was a minister of ability and established reputation appears from the circumstance that he was called to be pastor of the Scotch Baptist Church in Nottingham, in Park Street. His death took place at Lenton, June 7, 1840. See (Lond.) *Baptist Handbook, *1841, p. 31. (J. C. S.)
BAILEY, JACOB Bailey, Jacob
영
Bailey, Jacob a "frontier missionary" of the Protestant Episcopal Church, was born in Rowley, Mass., 1731. He graduated at Harvard in 1755, and in 1758 was licensed to preach by the Congregational Association at Exeter, N. H. In 1759 he left the Congregational Church, and embarked for England, to be ordained for the ministry in the Church of England. In March of the following year he was ordained, and appointed a missionary of the "Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts" to Pownalboro', Me. He immediately returned and entered on his duties. Taking the side of England in the Revolution, he escaped to Halifax, N. S., in 1779, and labored as a missionary there and at Cornwallis until his death, July 26, 1808. See Bartlet, *Life of Rev. Jacob Bailey *(N. Y. 8vo). — Sprague, *Annals, *v. 204.
BAILEY, JAMES W Bailey, James W
영
Bailey, James W.
a Universalist minister, was born in New Hampshire about 1814. He spent his youth in Claremont working upon *The Impartialist, *a Universalist paper, and preparing for the ministry. The date of his entrance into the ministry is not recorded. He had various stations in New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York, and died at Lima, N. Y., in May, 1864. Mr. Bailey was a practical Christian; was modest and cheerful, ardent and earnest. See *Universalist Register, *1865, p. 32.
BAILEY, JOHN Bailey, John
영
Bailey, John Congregational minister, was born in Lancashire, England, Feb. 24, 1644, studied under Dr. J. Harrison, and entered the ministry at Chester, 1666. As a Nonconformist, he was imprisoned in Lancashire jail for some time, and after his release he went to Limerick, Ireland, where he labored faithfully as pastor for 14 years. The office of chaplain to the Duke of Ormond, with the promise of a deanery and bishopric, was tendered to him on condition of conforming to the Established Church, but he refused. He was finally imprisoned, and only released on a promise to leave the country. About 1684 he came to New England, and was ordained minister of the Congregational Society at Watertown, October 6, 1686, with his brother, Thomas Bailey, as his assistant. He removed to Boston in 1692, and became assistant to Mr. Allen, of the First Church, in 1693. Here he labored, as his failing health would allow, till his death, December 12, 1697. He was a man of eminent piety and exemplary life. A volume of his discourses was published in 1689. — Sprague, *Annals, *1:201.
BAILEY, JOHN M Bailey, John M
영
Bailey, John M.
a Free-will Baptist minister, was born in August, 1764. When a little more than twenty years of age, he became a Christian under the preaching of Rev. Benjamin Randall. Not long afterwards he began to preach, and continued to serve his Master through a very long term of years. He retained his mental faculties till the close of his long and useful life, and died in Woolwich, Me., Oct. 5, 1857. See *Freewill Baptist Register, *1859, p. 86. (J. C. S.)
BAILEY, LUTHER Bailey, Luther
영
Bailey, Luther a Unitarian minister, was born in Canton, Mass., and was a graduate of Brown University in the class of 1808. He pursued his theological studies with Rev. Dr. Richmond, of Dorchester, Mass. Before settling as a pastor he was engaged in teaching in Wrentham and Bradford, Mass., and for three years had charge of the Bristol Academy, Taunton, Mass. He was ordained pastor of the Church in East Medway, Mass., in November, 1816, where he, remained twentyseven years. On retiring from the pastorate, he continued to reside in East Medway. Although solicited to take charge of other churches, he declined, but acted as a supply of destitute churches until the close of life. He lived in the period of the Unitarian controversy in Massachusetts, and became a moderate Socinian. classing himself, however, in most of his religious sentiments with evangelical Christians. He. published a few occasional sermons. His death occurred at East Medway, Dec. 19, 1861. (J. C. S.)
BAILEY, PHINEAS Bailey, Phineas
영
Bailey, Phineas a Congregational minister, was born in Landaff, N. H., Nov. 6, 1787. He was in the watchmaker's trade when, in 1818, he commenced the study of theology with a view to the ministry. He was licensed in 1823, preached for a short time at Richmond and Waterbury, Vt., and was ordained pastor of the churches at East and West Berkshire in 1824. After a pastorate of nearly ten years, he removed to Beekmantown, N. Y., and in 1841 to Hebron, N. Y., returning four years after to East Berkshire. His next charge was Albany, Vt. (1852-57), where he died, Dec. 14, 1861. Mr. Bailey's ministry was very successful. Energy was his distinguishing characteristic; his mind was vigorous, his sermons original and clear, his theology was ultra-Calvinistic, and his morality rigidly Puritanical. See *Cong. Quarterly, *1862, p. 217.
BAILEY, ROBERT Bailey, Robert
영
Bailey, Robert an Irish Wesleyan minister, was born in the County of Fermanagh. He was converted while young; called to the ministry in 1800; labored successfully for thirty-three years, fifteen of them as a missionary, and died suddenly of cholera, Oct. 18, 1832, aged sixty years. He was zealous and persevering. See *Minutes of the British Conference, *1833.
BAILEY, RUFUS C Bailey, Rufus C
영
Bailey, Rufus C.
a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born in 1799. He was converted at the age of twenty-three, and entered the Maine Conference in 1826. In 1842 he became superannuated, and in 1858 resumed his labors, which he continued till stricken down in 1865 by paralysis, of which he died, Oct. 24, 1866. Many conversions attest Mr. Bailey's fidelity and Christian zeal. See *Minutes of Annual Conferences, *1867, p. 133.
BAILEY, RUFUS WILLIAM DD Bailey, Rufus William Dd
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Bailey, Rufus William D.D., a Congregational minister, was born at Yarmouth, Me., April 13, 1793. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1813; taught in two academies; commenced the study of law with Daniel Webster; and entered Andover Theological Seminary, completing his studies under Rev. Francis Brown, D.D., president of Dartmouth. His first charge was Norwich, Conn., where he was ordained in 1819. . He was at the same time professor of moral science in the Military School. In 1823 he succeeded president Humphrey of Amherst College at Pittsfield, Mass. His health failing, by medical advice he sought a warmer climate. The remainder of his life was spent in the South in teaching and literary pursuits. He also travelled six years in Virginia as agent of the Colonization Society. In 1854 he was elected professor of languages in Austin College, Huntsville, Texas, and in 1858 president, in which office he continued till his death, April 25, 1863. Mr. Bailey was the author of a volume on slavery entitled *The Issue *(N. Y. 1837, 12mo): — eight sermons entitled *Domestic Duties; or, The Family on Earth a Nursery for Heaven *(Philadelphia, 1838): — *Daughters at School*: — *The Beginnings of Evil *(Am. Tract Soc.): *Primary Grammar *and *Manual of English Grammar, *two works which have been extensively introduced into Southern schools. See *Cong. Quarterly, *1863, p. 350.
BAILEY, SILAS DD, LLD Bailey, Silas Dd, Lld
영
Bailey, Silas D.D., Ll.D.
a Baptist minister, was born in Sterling, Mass., June 12, 1809. and was a graduate of Brown University in the class of 1834. After leaving college, he had charge of the Worcester (Mass.) Academy for five years. In December, 1839, he was settled as pastor of the Baptist Church in East Thompson, Conn., and afterwards for a time in Westborough, Mass. While residing in the latter place, he was appointed to a professorship in Granville College, O., of which institution he was afterwards the, president. In 1852 he was elected president of Franklin College, Ind., holding the office for eleven years, at the end of which time he became pastor of the Baptist Church in Lafayette, Ind. Resigning his pastorate in this place, he became a professor in the Kalamazoo (Mich.) Theological Seminary, and for some time acted as president of Kalamazoo College. He returned to Lafayette in 1869 with impaired health, to recruit which he made an extended tour to Europe and the East in 1873. On his way home he died in Paris, June 30, 1874. (J. C. S.)
BAILEY, WILLIAM (1) Bailey, William (1)
영
Bailey, William (1), an English Baptist minister, was born at Bourton, Gloucestershire, May 18, 1771. After having worked at a trade for some time, he removed to Gosport, where he was converted under the ministry of Rev. David Bogue. Subsequently he took up his residence in London, where he was baptized Oct. 9, 1796*. *His first membership was with an Independent Church in Windsor, to which place he had removed. He joined a Baptist Church in Datchet in 1811, and soon after was appointed a deacon, and was licensed to preach. The pastor being laid aside, he supplied the pulpit for four years, and at length was ordained. He now relinquished his business and devoted himself solely to his ministerial work. His pastorate with the Church at Datchet continued from August, 1819, to the close of 1843, when, on account of the infirmities of age, he resigned. His death took place June 30, 1844. See (Lond.) *Bapt. Handb., *1845, p. 41. (J. C. S.)
BAILEY, WILLIAM (2) Bailey, William (2)
영
Bailey, William (2), an English Baptist minister, was born at Woodhouse Eaves, Leicestershire, Aug. 8, 1823. He was educated in the General Baptist College, Leicester, for the missionary work, and was set apart to that service May 13, 1845. He set out for Calcutta shortly afterwards, and arrived there Oct. 2 of the same year. He resided for some time at Cuttack, Khundittur, and Piplee, but for the greater portion of his missionary career he was.located at Berhampoor, Ganjam. He twice returned to England on furlough, in 1855 and in 1866; and was compelled by failing health to abandon the work entirely in 1873, landing in England on May 15 of that year. He died at Leicester, Sept. 8, 1880. He was a contributor to the *Sunday at Home *and *Boys*' *Own Paper, *and published *The Life of Erun; or, The Dayspring in*
*Southern Orissa, *and *Light in the Jungles. *See (Lond.) *Baptist Handbook,* 1881, p.321.
BAILEY, WILLIAM METHERALL Bailey, William Metherall
영
Bailey, William Metherall an English Methodist preacher, was a native of Cornwall, being born at Thorne, Jacobstow, May 21, 1795. He was vivacious and blithesome in youth, and when converted, about the age of twenty, he was as lively and active in the service of God. He joined Mr. O'Bryan, and began to itinerate in 1818, and for fifty-two years he did the work of an evangelist in many of the Bible Christian circuits. He was a simple, earnest, self-denying, faithful pastor and preacher, and many souls were the fruit of his. ministry. He closed a long and useful life at Shanklin, Isle of Wight, March 2, 1873. See *Minutes of the Conference, *1873.
BAILEY, WINTHROP (1) Bailey, Winthrop (1)
영
Bailey, Winthrop (1), a Congregational minister, was born at Northborough, Mass., in 1784. He graduated at Harvard College in. 1807; was tutor in Bowdoin College in 1810-11; was ordained at Brunswick, Me., May 15, 1811; was dismissed in April, 1814; was installed at Pelham, Mass.; was afterwards dismissed and installed at Greenfield, Mass., in Oct. 1825; and died March 16, 1835. See *Sprague, Annals of the Amer. Pulpit i, *617*.*
BAILEY, WINTHROP (2) Bailey, Winthrop (2)
영
Bailey, Winthrop (2), a Presbyterian minister, was born in Berlin, Mass., June 3, 1817. After receiving a common-school education, he entered the Theological Seminary at Princeton, N. J., where he graduated in 1847. He was licensed by the Long Island Presbytery in 1847, and was installed the same year as pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Oyster Bay, Long Island, N. Y. He died April 30, 1865. See Wilson, *Hist. Presb. Almanac, *1866, p. 91.
BAILHANAN Bailhanan
영
Bai'l-ha'nan (Hebrews *Ba'al Chanan', *בִּעִל חָנָן *lord of grace, *or *Baal *is *gracious),* the name of two men.
**1. **(Sept. Βαλλαενών and Βαλαεννών v. r. Βαλλενών and Βαλαεννώρ*.) *An early king of Edom, son of Achbor, successor of Saul, and succeeded by Hadar (Ge 36:38-39; 1Ch 1:49-50). B.C. prob. ante 1619.
**2. **(Sept. Βαλλανάν v. r. Βαλλανά*.) *A Gederite, royal overseer of "the olive-trees and sycamore-trees in the low plains" under David (1Ch 27:28). B.C. 1014. From his name we may conjecture that he was of Canaanitish extraction.
BAILLES, JACQUES MARIE JOSEPH Bailles, Jacques Marie Joseph
영
Bailles, Jacques Marie Joseph a French prelate, was born at Toulouse, March 31, 1798. Being ordained priest in 1822, he performed successively the functions of secretary-general of the bishop of Verdun, of vicargeneral, and of superior of the Seminary of Bayonne and vicar-general of Toulouse. He was appointed bishop of Lucon by the royal ordinance of Aug. 15, 1845, and took possession of his see, Jan. 11, 1846. In 1849 M. Lanjuinais, then minister of public instruction and public worship, having sent an Israelitish professor of philosophy to the College of Napoleon-Vendee, the bishop of Lucon ordered the prohibition of the chapel of the lyceum, and the authority of the latter was maintained in that city, where Catholicism had so strong a hold. A conflict of ecclesiastical jurisdiction occurred between Bailles and the archbishop of Bordeaux concerning the conduct of a rector of the diocese of Lucon, in which the judgment of the bishop of Luqon prevailed. He published, on this occasion, a work entitled *Des Sentences Episcopales. *He died at Rome, Nov. 9, 1873. See Hoefer, *Nouv. Biog. Generale, *s.v.
BAILLET, ADRIAN Baillet, Adrian
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Baillet, Adrian a Romanist writer of repute, was born at Neuville, near Beauvais, June 13th, 1649, and was educated at a Franciscan convent. He afterward studied at Beauvais, and in 1676 was admitted to holy orders. For a time he served a cure; but, feeling himself to be unsuited for this kind of life, he left it, and took the charge of the library of M. de Lamoignon, the advocate general, with whom he passed the remainder of his days, and died January 21st, 1706. His works are: *Jugement des Savans *(4 vols.). The work was to have consisted of seven parts; the first is a kind of preface to the other, and gives general rules for forming a sound judgment of a work; the other six parts were to have contained his own opinions and the judgments of others concerning works of every kind; but he only finished a small part of his design. This work was reprinted, revised, at Paris (7 vols. 4to, 1722); and Amsterdam (1725, 17 vols. 12mo): *— Life of Descartes *(1692): — *Treatise on Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary *(1693). This work was condemned at Rome in 1695, and denounced to the Sorbonne as soon as it appeared as derogating from the worship due to the Virgin: — *Les Vies des Saints, *his most celebrated work, printed in 1701, in 3 vols. fol. and in 12 vols. 8vo; and reprinted in 1704 and 1708 with the addition of the *Histoire des Fetes Mobiles *and *Les Vies des Saints de l'Ancien Testament, *in 4 vols. fol. and 17 vols. 8vo. These last editions are the most highly esteemed. Baillet also published several less important works, and left thirty-five folio volumes in MS., containing the catalogue of the library of Lamoignon. During the twenty-six years that he was librarian to that gentleman, he only went out once a week; all the rest of his time he spent in reading or conversing with the savans. He slept only five hours, and most frequently in his clothes. — Biog. *Univ. *3*, *226; Landon, *Eccles. Dict. *s.v.
BAILLIE (OR BAILEY), ROBERT Baillie (or Bailey), Robert
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Baillie (Or Bailey), Robert a Scotch theologian, was born at Glasgow, April 30, 1602, and educated at the university of that town. During the rebellion he was an active opponent of Episcopacy, and he obtained much credit for his refusal in 1C37 to preach before the General Assembly in favor of the liturgy and canons, which the king was desirous to introduce into Scotland. In 1638 he was appointed a member of the assembly held at Glasgow, where the *Covenant *was agreed upon, and in 1640 he was deputed to London to carry the accusations of the lords of the covenant against Laud. In 1642 he was appointed professor of divinity in the University of Glasgow. In 1643 he was sent as one of the commissaries of the Scotch Presbyterians to the assembly at Westminster. He execrated the murder of the king, and denounced it as a horrible parricide, and was always faithful to the house of Stuart. Charles II would have made him bishop, but, true to his principles, Baillie refused this. He was said to know twelve or thirteen languages, and wrote very pure Latin. In 1661 he was appointed principal of the university. In 1662 he died. Of Baillie's works, the most important are, *Dissuasive from the Errors of the Time *(4to, *Lond. *1645): — *Anabaptism, the true Fountain of Independency, Brownism, Antinomy, Familism, *etc. (a second part of the *Dissuasive, *4to, Lond. 1647): *— Appendix Practica ad Joannis Buxtorfii Epitomen Grammaticae Hebroeae *(8vo, Edinb. 1653):*Operis Historici et Chronologici Libri Duo *(fol. Amst. 1663, and Basil, 1669). He also published several sermons and other short tracts. But of all the produce of his pen, by far the most interesting part consists of his *Letters, *written to various friends, which throw much light on the history of the times. A complete edition was produced under the care of David Laing, Esq. (in 3 vols. crown 8vo, Edinb. 1841-42), with annotations and a life of Baillie. See Hetherington, *Church of Scotland, *2:135.
BAILLIO, DAVID Baillio, David
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Baillio, David, a Dutch painter, was born at Leyden in 1584. His principal works were portraits and interior views of temples and churches. He died in 1638.
BAILLU (OR BAILLIU), PIERRE DE Baillu (or Bailliu), Pierre De
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Baillu (Or Bailliu), Pierre De a Flemish engraver, was born at Antwerp about the year 1614. He studied the works of the great masters in Italy. Returning to Antwerp about the year 1635, he engraved several works of celebrated Flemish masters John Backer (Dutch painter), John Byler, Honore Urphee, and others. The following are the principal: *The Crucifixion: — The Reconciliation of Jacob and Esau: *— *Christ Praying in the Garden.*: — *Christ Bound to the Pillar.*
BAILLU (OR BALLIU, ALSO BALEAU), BERNARD Baillu (or Balliu, Also Baleau), Bernard
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Baillu (Or Balliu, Also Baleau), Bernard a Dutch engraver, was born about 1625. One of his best works is *Christ between St. d*'*Alcanta and St. Mary Magdalene. *His plates are executed entirely with the graver.
BAILON, PASCAL Bailon, Pascal
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Bailon, Pascal, a Spanish monk and theologian, who died at Villareal in 1592, wrote, *Principales Mysterios de la Vida de Christo, *etc. See Hoefer, *Nouv. Biog. Generale, *s.v.
BAILY, JOHN Baily, John
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Baily, John a Congregational minister, was born near Blackburn, in Lancashire, England, Feb. 24, 1644. After studying under the celebrated Dr. Thomas Harrison, he commenced his ministry in Chester, England, at the age of twenty-two; but after a short time, on account of his Congregational principles, he was imprisoned in Lancashire jail. When he was released, he travelled through Ireland, preaching so constantly as to injure his constitution. About fourteen years he spent in Limerick, where he enjoyed a happy and useful ministrv. While here he was offered, in case he should conform to the Established Church, a duke's chaplaincy, with a deanery and a bishopric whenever a vacancy should occur; but he rejected the offer. Notwithstanding his irreproachable character, he was again thrown into prison. During his imprisonment, his Church, divided into seven companies, were accustomed to visit him every day, each company in turn, until it was prohibited. No release would be granted unless he promised to leave the country. In 1684, accordingly, he came to New England, accompanied by Thomas, a younger brother, who was also a minister. At first he resided in Boston. In August, 1685, the Church at Watertown corresponded with him concerning a settlement in that place. The next year he was formally called, and Oct. 6 he was constituted their pastor. In November, 1687, his brother Thomas removed to Watertown as his assistant. In 1692 John removed to Boston, although the reasons of his removal are unknown: mental depression, in consequence of his brother's death, probably formed a part of them. In July, 1693, he was invited to assist Mr. Allen, pastor of the First Church in Boston, as public teacher, and here he remained until the close of his life, which occurred Dec. 12, 1697. A volume of his discourses was printed in Boston in 1689. Cotton Mather describes him as a man of eminent holiness, and of remarkably tender conscience. His preaching was of a spiritual cast, and he was unquestionably an able man. See Sprague, *Annals of the Amer. Pulpit, *1, 201.
BAIN, GEORGE A Bain, George A
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Bain, George A.
a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church South, was born near Baltimore, Md. July 6, 1798. He was left an orphan when about nine years of age; experienced conversion in 1818; and in 1820 received license to preach, and was admitted into the Baltimore Conference, and immediately transferred to the Virginia Conference. He died May 27, 1850. Mr. Bain's acquirements were thorough, Biblical, arid Methodistic. His piety was deep and fervent. See *Minutes of Annual Conferences of the M. E. Church South, *1850, p. 282.
BAIN, HOPE Bain, Hope
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Bain, Hope a Universalist minister, was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, May 30, 1795. He removed soon after, with his parents, to the West Indies; later, to Baltimore, Md.; served in the war of 1812, in a Baltimore company of volunteers; was a member of the Presbyterian Church for several years; and became agent of the American Sunday-school Union for the Mississippi Valley in 1830. He embraced Universalism in 1847, and was ordained a preacher of that faith in 1848, at Norfolk, Va. In 1851 he moved to North Carolina, wherein before the Rebellion he preached in twenty counties, and afterwards in six. He died at his home in Goldsborough, N. C., Oct. 5, 1876. See *Universalist Register, *1877, p. 116.
BAIN, JAMES Bain, James
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Bain, James an Irish Congregational minister, was a native of Dundee, Scotland, but removed to Belfast; Ireland, while yet a young man, and decided to consecrate himself to the ministry. He was educated at the Belfast College, and spent the two years succeeding the completion of his studies (1837-38) in evangelistic work in the County Antrim, preaching at two principal stations, Straid and Ballycraigg. In 1839 he was ordained over the Church at Straid, which he succeeded in building up to a large extent by earnest labors. A new chapel was built in 1858, and afterwards enlarged, thewhole being completed in 1861. His pastorate continued in this Church for more than forty years, with eminent success in all its departments. His health failed in 1878, and he was compelled to resign his charge in 1880. He removed to Londonderry the following year, and died July 17, 1881, having been in the ministry forty-two years. See (Lond.) *Cong. Yearbook.* 1882, p. 284.
BAIN, JOHN Bain, John
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Bain, John a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born in the Highlands of Scotland, Jan. 3, 1804. He emigrated to the United States in 1823; soon after became a local preacher; and in 1835 entered the Pittsburgh Conference, in which he labored vigorously and with faithfulness until his death, in 1872. Mr. Bain was learned, pious, and affable. See *Minutes of Annual Conferences,* 1872, p. 86.
BAIN, WILLIAM IRA Bain, William Ira
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Bain, William Ira a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born near Norfolk,Va., Oct. 30, 1844. His early advantages were limited. He was a remarkably wellread young man, and being bright, in possession of a good memory and an irrepressible perseverance, he trained himself to be a good thinker and fine preacher. He was converted in 1867, immediately joined the M. E. Church, and was shortly afterwards licensed to preach. In 1870 he was admitted to the Virginia Conference, and ordained deacon in 1871. He served Hillsborough Circuit as junior preacher. He was preacher in charge at Manassas three years, after which he served similar terms at Princess Anne and Fairmount respectively. His last appointment was Pocomoke City, Md., where, after a few weeks' labor, he died, on May 13, 1880. Success attended his work. As a preacher, he was studious, prayerful, and laborious. His sermons were clear, logical, and spiritual. See *Minutes of Annual Conferences, *1881.
BAINBRIDGE OR BAMBRIDGE, CHRISTOPHER Bainbridge or Bambridge, Christopher
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Bainbridge Or Bambridge, Christopher archbishop of York, and cardinal-priest of the Roman Church, was born at Hilton, in Westmoreland, and educated at Queen's College, Oxford, of which he became provost in 1495. He was afterward a liberal benefactor to his college. In 1503 he became dean of York; in 1505 dean of Windsor. In 1507 he was advanced to the see of Durham, and was translated the next year to the archbishopric of York. Bainbridge distinguished himself chiefly by his embassy from King Henry VIII to Pope Julius II, who created him cardinal of St. Praxede in March, 1511. His letter to King Henry VIII
concerning the pope's bull, giving him the title of Most Christian King, is extant in Rymer's *Faedera *(edit. 1704-1735, 13:376). Cardinal Bainbridge died at Rome, July 14, 1514. His death was caused by poison administered by Rinaldo de Modena, a priest whom he had employed in menial offices, and who, after confessing that he was suborned to this act by Sylvester de Giglis, bishop of Worcester, who was at that time envoy from King Henry VIII to Rome, committed suicide. See *Engl. Cyclop. *s.v.; *Biog. Britan. *ed. 1778, 1:515; Wood, *Athenae Oxon. *ed. Bliss, 2:702.
BAINBRIDGE, THOMAS Bainbridge, Thomas
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Bainbridge, Thomas, a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born in Appleby, England, Oct. 26, 1792. He received a careful religious training from his pious mother; did not experience conversion, however, until his twenty-fourth year; became a local preacher three years later; soon afterwards emigrated to the United States; and in 1833 united with the New York Conference. He espoused the antislavery and temperance causes with great zeal. He became superannuated in 1853, and died March 10, 1862. See *Minutes of Annual Conferences, *1862, p. 73.
BAINE, JOSEPH Baine, Joseph
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Baine, Joseph, an English Baptist minister, was born in Downshire, Scotland, about 1755. Early in life he removed to England, and about the year 1800 was called to the pastorate of a Church at Portsmouth, Hampshire. After remaining here for a time, he took charge, for a brief period, of a Church in Davenport, in the same county, and then removed to Harlow, where le was pastor for twenty-seven years. While minister in this place, he rendered efficient service to his denomination by raising funds for the erection of chapels in Cornwall. He died Feb. 3, 1830. He was "a good minister of Jesus Christ;" the style of his preaching being plain, experimental, and affectionate. He is represented as having a liberal, catholic spirit. See Haynes, *Baptist Cyclopedia; *i, 77. (J. C. S.)
BAINERD, NEHEMIAH Bainerd, Nehemiah
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Bainerd, Nehemiah, a Presbyterian minister, was a native of Haddam, Conn. He graduated at Yale College in 1732; was ordained pastor of the Second Congregational Church in Glastenbury, Conn., in April, 1740; and died Nov. 9, 1842. See Sprague, *Annals of the Amer. Pulpit, *3, 149.
BAINES, RALPH Baines, Ralph
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Baines, Ralph was born in Yorkshire, and educated at St. John's College, Cambridge: he was eminent as a Hebraist, and was made regius professor of Hebrew at Paris. In 1554 he was made bishop of Lichfield and Coventry; in 1559 he was ejected by Quean Elizabeth, and very shortly after died at Islington. He wrote a *Commentary on the Proverbs, *1555, and a few Hebrew works. — Godwin, *De Procs. Angliae, *p. 324.
BAINES, THOMAS DUCKLE Baines, Thomas Duckle
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Baines, Thomas Duckle an English Wesleyan minister, was born at Doncaster, Yorkshire, in 1803. When young he indulged a naturally gay and pleasure-loving disposition, at the same time regularly attending the parish church. At the age of twenty- seven he heard a Methodist preacher, was converted, declined proposals for education for the ministry of the Establishment, was received by the Wesleyan Conference, and sent as a supply to Grimsby in 1833. At the conference of 1864 he was appointed to Wisbeach, and on Sunday, Jan. 28, 1866, while riding from one appointment to another, he was killed by a fall from his horse. Baines was painstaking, cheerful, and generous. His style of preaching was argumentative, and he possessed considerable theological knowledge. *See Minutes of the British Conference, *1866, p. 19.
BAINES, WILLIAM Baines, William
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Baines, William one of Wesley's early helpers, was for some time master of Kingswood School, near Bristol. He afterwards procured ordination from the friendly bishop of Bath and Wells, and for several years preached in churches near Bristol. Mr. Wesley invited him to London to assist as curate in his chapels there. For some time he continued in connection with Wesley's work. .He seems to have been much agitated by the political contests which stirred the English mind during the time of the American Revolution; He died Dec. 27, 1777. His talents were not great, but he was a sensible and pious man. His name does not appear in Hill's "list of ministers who have died in the work." See Atmore, *Meth. Memorial, *s.v.
BAINHAM, JAMES Bainham, James
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Bainham, James, an English martyr, was a son of Master Bainham, a knight of Gloucestershire. He was a good Greek and Latin scholar, and a very pious man. He was taken andwhipped at the tree, and afterwards sent to the Tower to be racked. After he had thus been tortured, he was brought before the bishop of London and examined, Dec. 15, 1531. Again he was brought before the bishop, Feb. 1, 1532. This examination proved unsatisfactory, and he was again confined in the prison until Feb. 8. Then the sentence of condemnation was given against him, and he was taken to Newgate and burned in Smithfield, April 30, 1532. While in prison he was very cruelly handled: for two weeks he lay in the bishop's coal-house in the stocks, with irons upon his legs; then he was carried to the lord chancellor's house, and there chained to a post for two nights; thence he was carried to Fulton, where he was cruelly handled for a week; then to the Tower, where he lay a fortnight, scourged with whips to make him revoke his opinions. From here he was carried to Barking, previous to his martyrdom. — See Fox, *Acts and Monuments, *4:697.
BAINI, GIUSEPPE Baini, Giuseppe
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Baini, Giuseppe, an Italian musical critic and composer of church music, was born at Rome in 1775. He took priest's orders, and was instructed by his uncle, Lorenzo Baini, and by Jannaconi. He served for several years as one of the bass singers in the choir of the pontifical chapel, and in 1814 became musical director. He died at Rome in 1844. His compositions were very favorable specimens of the severe ecclesiastical style. His *Miserere *was long performed in the services of the Sistine Chapel during Passion week. His *Lije of Palestrina *(1828) ranks very high as a work on musical history and criticism. See *Encyclop. Brit. *(9th ed.), s.v.; Hoefer, *Nouv. Biog. Generale, *s.v.
BAINIANS Bainians
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Bainians in the religion of India, are priests of the Mariatale, belonging to the'pariah caste. Their name was given them from the instrument (*baini*) with which they accompany their singing, begging before the temple of their goddess.
BAINMADU Bainmadu
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Bainmadu is an idol of India, worshipped in a pagoda on the banks of the Ganges. It is held in so great veneration that as soon as the pagoda is opened the Indian priests, or Brahmins, fall flat on their faces, and some, with large fans, keep away the flies from the object of their devotion.
BAINS (OR DE BAY), JACQUES Bains (or De Bay), Jacques
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Bains (Or De Bay), Jacques, a Roman Catholic divine of Belgium (nephew of Michel), who died as professor of theology at Louvain. Oct. 5, 1614, is the author of *Institutio Christinnae Religionis Lib. IV*: — *De Vene rabili Eucharistice Sacracmento et Sacnrificio Missce Lib. III. *See Antdrea *Bibliotheca Belgica; *Bayle, *Dictionnaire Historique et Critique, *s.v.; Jocher,
*Allgemeines Gelehrten-Liexikon, *s.v.; Swertii *Athence Belgicoe; *Hoefer, *Nouv. Biog. Generale, *s.v.
BAION Baion
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Baion (Βάϊον)*, *or Bai's (Βαϊvς), a Greek term for a *palm-branch. SEE PALM- TREE*.
BAIRAM Bairam
BAIRD, GEORGE, DD Baird, George, Dd
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Baird, George, D.D.
a Scotch clergyman, was born at Inveravon in 1762; licensed to preach in 1786; presented to the living! of Dunkeld in 1787, and took his M.A. degree the same year; was transferred to the New Greyfriar's Church, Edinburgh, in 1792; transferred to the New North Church in 1798; held in conjunction the principalship of the university in 1799; was transferred to the High Church in 1801, and died January 14, 1840. At his suggestion the General Assembly, in 1824, formed a committee for extending education and religious instruction, especially in the Highlands and islands of Scotland. He devoted much time and money to this work, and travelled seven thousand miles in furtherance of the benevolent scheme. See *Fasti Eccles. Scoticanae, *1:30, 69, 71; 2:785, 786.
BAIRD, ROBERT Baird, Robert
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Baird, Robert D.D., an eminent Presbyterian minister and philanthropist, was born in Fayette Co., Penn., October 6, 1798. After academical training at Uniontown, he entered Washington College, and passed thence to Jefferson College, where he graduated in 1818. After spending a year as a teacher in Bellefonte, where he was a frequent newspaper contributor, he entered the theological seminary at Princeton, where he studied for three years, officiating one year as tutor in the college. In 1822 he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of New Brunswick, and in the same year took charge of an academy in Princeton, which position he held for five years. In 1828 he was ordained to the work of the Gospel ministry. In 1827 he entered upon the great field of all his subsequent labors — "the extension of Protestantism and the evangelization of the world, in connection with the great religious and benevolent societies." He took a leading part in the movement made by the New Jersey Bible Society to supply every destitute family in New Jersey with the Scriptures. This plan was carried into execution successfully. Next, as agent of the New Jersey Missionary Society, Dr. Baird did much to lay the foundation of public education in that state, and originated the first system of common schools established in the state, which, with few modifications, still remains in force. In 1829 he became agent of the American Sunday-school Union, and for five years he held meetings all over the country, doing much to advance the influence of the society, and adding largely to its funds. In 1835 Dr. Baird went to Europe, and resided in Paris and Geneva, with the exception of a few months, for the next eight years. His primary object was to ascertain what the American churches could do to revive the Protestant faith where it had lost its vitality, and to convert the Roman Catholics. Among the results of his labors was the formation of the Foreign Evangelical Society, since merged into the American and Foreign Christian Union, of which he was one of the founders. In the Scandinavian countries, in Russia and in Germany, he met with extraordinary success in giving an impulse to the temperance reform. His exertions in behalf of the Bible and Tract Societies were confined to no single country of Europe, while his intercessions for the persecuted were put forth alike in Protestant Sweden and in Roman Catholic France. The recent translation and publication of the Sacred Scriptures in the modern Russ, under the auspices of the imperial government, are believed to have been greatly attributable to Dr. Baird's strenuous personal efforts. To the cause of Protestantism, of temperance, and of education, Dr. Baird was enthusiastically devoted. Possessed of a fine personal appearance, an amiable disposition, and rare affability of manner, an accomplished linguist, and a man of broad information, Dr. Baird had a large personal acquaintance among the great and good men of America and Europe. He was admitted to interviews and discussions with all the monarchs that rule the destinies of the Old World. His thorough honesty and sincerity, his pure religious character, and his unbounded charity, stamped him as a man who could give counsel to kings, and who had access by right to every source of influence and power. In 1843 he returned to America, continuing to be corresponding secretary of the Foreign Evangelical Society and of the American and Foreign Christian Union (with slight interruption, and making several visits to Europe) to the time of his death, March 15, 1863.
This brief sketch suffices to show Dr. Baird as an indefatigable laborer. His sympathies were eminently catholic, and his activities were cosmopolitan. His name, and even his person, were known to all Protestant branches of the church throughout the United States and Europe. Amid his incessant missionary labors and travels he found time also for a large literary activity. Besides numerous reports for the benevolent societies with which he was connected, and many contributions to newspapers, magazines, and reviews, he wrote *A View of the Valley of the Mississippi *(Phila. 1832, 12mo);
*Memoir of Anna Jane Linnard *(Phila. 1835, 18mo); *Memoir of the Rev. Joseph Sanford *(Phila. 1836, 12mo); *Histoire des Societes de Temperance des Etats-Unis d'Amerique *(Paris, 1836, 12mo; translated into German, Dutch, Danish, Finnish, Russ, and Swedish — the latter translation by order of Bernadotte); *L' Union de l'Eglise et de l'Etat dans la Nouvelle Angleterre *(Paris, 1837, 18mo); *Visit to Northern Europe *(N. Y. 1841, 2 vols. 12mo); *Religion in America *(Glasgow and Edinburgh, 1842, 8vo; translated into German, Dutch, French, Swedish, etc.; revised ed. N. Y. 1844; enlarged and rewritten, N. Y. 1856); *Protestantism in Italy *(Boston, 1845, 12mo); 2d. ed. 1847); *Christian Retrospect and Register *(N. Y. 1851, 12mo, in part). — See *Life of Dr. Baird, *by his son, Prof. H. M. Baird (N. Y. 1866); Allibone, *Dict. of Authtors, *1:142; *Princeton Review,* 1843, p. 489; *Christian Intelligencer *(newspaper); Wilson, *Presb. Almanac, *1864; Sprague, *Sermon on Dr. Baird *(Albany, 1863).
BAIRD, THOMAS D Baird, Thomas D
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Baird, Thomas D.
a Presbyterian minister, was born near Guilford, County of Down, Ireland, Dec. 26, 1773. His early education was guarded by religious parents. In 1812 he was licensed to preach by the South Carolina Presbytery, and accepted a call to the Broadanay congregation, which was in Pendleton District. He held several responsible positions in the Church, all of which he discharged faithfully. He died in January,, 1839. He was the author of *The Science of Praise. *See Sprague, *Annals of the Amer. Pulpit, *3, 480.
BAIRD, THOMAS F Baird, Thomas F
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Baird, Thomas F.
a Presbyterian minister, was born at Antrim, Ohio, Sept. 14, 1824. He was educated at Madison College, Antrim, and studied theology in Allegheny Seminary, Pa. He was licensed by Muskingum Presbytery, and ordained by Big Spring Presbytery in 1861 as pastor of Clanford Church, Pa. Here he labored until June 14, 1865, when he died. See Wilson, *Presb. Hist. Almanac, *1866, p. 257.
BAIRD, WILLIAM S Baird, William S
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Baird, William S.
a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, was born at New Liberty, Pa., Nov. 4, 1815. He experienced religion in early life; graduated at Allegheny College in 1841; and in 1842 entered the Baltimore Conference. Between 1860 and 1866 he had charge of the Wesleyan Female Institute at Staunton, Va. During the following years he was presiding elder of Winchester. In March, 1872, he took charge of the *Baltimore Episcopal Methodist, *in connection with which he died, Aug. 13, 1874. Mr. Baird was meek and quiet in spirit, frank and genial in disposition, a devoted parent, and an exemplary Christian. See *Minutes of Annual Conferences of the M. E. Church South, *1875, p. 136; Simpson, *Cyclop. of Methodism, *s.v.
BAITHEN Baithen
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Baithen a name of many forms, and frequent occurrence in Irish hagiologies. *SEE BAEDAN*. Several appear as mere names, or with a simple designation; but others have a history, more or less distinct, such as
**(1.) ***Son *OF ALLA, of Cluain-de-an, in Down, commemorated Oct. 6, is believed to have flourished at the close of the 6th century, as he is mentioned in company with three other Baithens, who were connected with St. Columba, or lived about the same time. He is perhaps the Baithen commemorated at Tech-Baithin, in Arteach. See Colgan, *Acta SS. *p. 369; Lanigan, *Eccles. Hist. Ire. *ii, 413.
**(2.) **Baitan (or Boetan) OF CLUAIN-AN-DOBHAIR, situated in the present King's County. Aengus and Marianus, in the Festologies, commemorate him Dec. 1. Little is known of him; the *Mart. Doneg. *(p. 335) identifying him with *Mobaoi *(Dec. 13) of Cluain-fionnabhair, while Colgan (*Acta *SS. p. 598, c.3, App.) mentions "Beodan, who is also Mobecus, son of Sinell, etc., abbot of Cluain-dobhair (Dec. 13)."
**(3.) **Boetan (or Baotan), abbot OF CLUAIN-MICNOIS (A.D. 663, March 1), was descended from an ancient Connaught family, and succeeded Aedlugh, 651, as abbot of Clonmacnoise, now called also "The Seven Churches."
**(4.) ***Son *OF CUANA. and given in *Mart. Doneg. *as bishop of Teach- Baoithin. Both Colgan (*Acta SS. *p. 370) and Lanigan (*Eccles. Hist. Ire. *p.413) assign him to Tech-Baithin, Westmeath; Feb. 19. He flourished about 640, as he was a disciple of Columba, and a contemporary of St. Mochcemocus, who died March 13, 655. He was revered in many churches named after him, Tech-Baithin, "house of Baithen," and is identified with the bishop *Baitanus, *addressed, among others, in the letter on the proper time of Easter and on the Pelagian heresy by pope John IV, A.D. 640. See Colgan, *Acta SS. *p. 17; Belde, *Hist. Eccl. *ii, 19; Lanigan, *Eccles. Hist. Ire. *ii, 413.
**(5.) ***Son *OF FINNACH, commemorated May 22, was the son of Conall Clarnach, and had his church at Inisbaithin, now "within the townland of Inishboheen (or Inishboyne), parish of Dunganstown, barony of Arklow, County Wicklow." Colgan thinks he was a disciple of St. Ciaran (q.v.), and thus to have flourished about A.D. 550. The exact date of his death is unknown. See O'Donovan, *Four Masters, *1, 374.
**(6.) **Abbot OF IONA, June 9, was the son of Brendan, pupil. cousin, and successor of St. Columba at Iona. He was one of the twelve companions of St. Columba who came with him from Ireland, and was closely associated with that saint till his death. He is also known as *Comin; *and of him was related the curious story of three empty chairs being shown to him in heaven, for St. Ciaran, St. Columba, and himself. He ruled four years in Iona after Columba's death, and died June 6, 600. "His principal church was Teach-Baithaein, now Taughboyne, barony of Raphoe, County Donegal." See O'Curry, *Lect. on Manners and Cust. Anc. Ire.; *Bolland, *Acta.SS. *(Jun.) 2, 235.
**(7.) **Son of Maonan OF LANNLEIRE (June 18). *Mart. Tallaght *gives "Farodain ocus Baithin," and *Mart. Doneg. *has also this saint along with his brother Furadhran, abbot of Lannliere, now the old church of Lyn, County Westmeath. See O'Donovan, *Four Masters, *1, 342.
**(8.) **Baetan OF MONU (March 23) was, according to Colgan (*Acta SS. *p. 728), abbot of Kilboedain, son of Eugenius, and one of the six brothers of St. Corbmac. He followed his elder brothers, Corbmac and Diermit, into the scene of their missionary labors in the north of Ireland. Afterwards he took tup his abode and built his church at Kilboedain, under the patronage of the three noble families of Cinel-Decil, Clann-Scoba, and Silmiridhin. He, perhaps, returned to his native province of Munster, and died abbot of Moin. He is supposed to have lived about the beginning of the 6th century. See Colgan, *Acta SS. *p. 728; Kelly, *Cal. Ir. Saints, *p. 103.
**(9.) **Baithonus, Bathanus, or Bothanus, a ScotchIrish bishop (Dec. 25, 639), and especially connected with SHETLAND and THULE. The register of the priory of St. Andrews, giving the taxation of the churches in the archdeaconry of the Lothians, assigns one mark to the "Ecclesia St. Boythani." The parish of Gifford, or Yester, in East Lothian, was anciently called St. Bothans, and that of Bowden is also supposed to take its name from this saint. It is, however, difficult to identify him with certainty.
BAIUS, OR DE BAY, MICHAEL Baius, or De Bay, Michael
영
Baius, Or De Bay, Michael a Romanist writer of eminence, was born at Melin in 1513, and studied at Louvain. In 1551 he was appointed professor of theology at Louvain, as substitute for Professor Tapper, a delegate to the Council of Trent. The lectures which he delivered in this capacity gave great offense, and when Tapper and Ravenstein returned, they denounced eighteen propositions taken from his lectures and writings to the faculty of theology at Paris as heretical. In 1560 a censure was issued by that body, whereby three of these dogmas were declared to be erroneous, and fifteen either wholly or partly heretical. The following propositions and the corresponding censures may be cited:
*"***Proposition 4. **Free-will is in itself sinful; and every act of the free-will, left to itself, is either mortal or venial sin. — *Censure. *This proposition is heretical in both its parts.
**Proposition 5. **Man sins in every thing that depends on himself, and cannot avoid sinning. *Censure. *This proposition is heretical.
**Proposition 7. **Man's free-will cannot avoid sin without God's special grace; whence it follows that all the actions of unbelievers are sinful. — *Censure. *That the second part of this proposition is not properly deduced from the first, and is false.
**Proposition 9. **A schismatic or a heretic, or a man who is not purely an infidel, may sometimes merit eternal life by merit of condignity. — *Censure. *This proposition is heretical.
**Proposition 11. **Contrition does not remit sin without the sacrament of baptism or that of penance, except in cases of martyrdom or necessity. — *Censure. *This proposition is heretical.
**Proposition 12. **If a sinner does all that is ordered him, neither his contrition nor his confession avail to the remission of his sin, unless the priest gives him absolution, even though the priest refuse absolution out of malice, or unreasonably. *— Censure. *This proposition is heretical.
**Proposition 14. **Grace is never given to those who oppose it, and the same holds of the first justification; for justification is faith itself, and it is through faith that the sinner is made righteous. — *Censure. *The first two parts are heretical, and the last false.
**Proposition 16. **No one is without original sin, save Jesus Christ only; and, accordingly, the Blessed Virgin died owing to the sin which she had contracted in Adam; and all her sufferings in this life were, like those of all the other righteous, the penalty of actual or original sin. — *Censure. *This proposition is heretical in all its parts, and injurious to the Blessed Virgin and all the saints." The Franciscans appealed against the doctrines of Baius to the Cardinal Granvella, governor of the Low Countries, but he refused to receive the appeal, and enjoined silence on all parties. Baius and John Hessels were sent, in 1563, to the Council of Trent by Granvella as deputies of the University of Louvain. At the council the learning and talent of Baius gained him general admiration. On his return he published several works on the controverted points, viz. *De Meritis Operum *(1561): *— De Prima Hominis Justitia et Virtutibus Impiorum *(1565): — *De Sacramentis in Genere contra Calvinurn *(1565): — *De Libero Hominis Arbitrio, de Charitate et Justifcatione *(1566). The controversy was bitterly renewed, and on the 1st of October, 1567, Pius V issued a bull condemning seventy- six dogmas, but without naming Baius, for whom he had great regard; and to this Baius, after having written to the pope, was compelled to yield, which he did before Morillon, the grand vicar of the Cardinal Granvella, and afterward before Cardinal Tolet. In 1577 he was made inquisitor- general of Holland. He died September 16th, 1589. His doctrine (called
*Baianism*) was afterward taken up by the Jansenists. His works were edited by Quesnel and Gerberon (Colon. 1606, 2 vols. 4to): the edition was condemned at Rome, 1697. — *Biog. Univ. *3*, *245; Duchesne*, Histoire du Bajanisme *(Douay, 1731); Bayle, *Dictionary, *s.v.; Kuhn (R. C.), *Dogmatik, *p. 480 sq.; answered by Schazler (R. C.), *Dogma v. der Gnade *(Mainz, 1865, 8vo); Wetzer u. Welte, *Kirchen-Lexikon, *s.v. The bull of Pius V is given in Dens, *Theologia, *8:199.
BAIWE Baiwe
영
Baiwe in the mythology of Lapland, is the sun, of feminine sex, worshipped by the Lapps. The moon is thought to be her husband. She is the mother of all animals, and the protectress of the reindeer. Female calves of reindeer were offered to her. The bones of such animals were laid upon the table as her symbol.
BAIZE, NOEL PHILIPPE Baize, Noel Philippe
영
Baize, Noel Philippe, a French clergyman, was born at Paris, Oct. 28, 1672. He was director of the house of St. Charles, and edited the catalogue of the library of this house. He died in his native city, Jan. 4, 1746. He wrote a eulogy of P. le Semelier, published in the *Mercure *of July, 1725, and other articles fountd in the supplement to Moreri, as well as an abridged history of the Christian sects for the *Gallia Christianza. *See Hoefer, *Nouv. Biog. Generale, *s.v.
BAJARDO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA Bajardo, Giovanni Battista
영
Bajardo, Giovanni Battista, an Italian painter, was born at Genoa about 1620. He executed several fine pieces for the churches and public edifices of Genoa, particularly for the cloister of Sant Agostino, and for the portico of San Pietro. Soprani says he died in 1657.
BAJAS Bajas
영
Bajas in the mythology of India, is the third incarnation of Brahma in the third periodic age. His mother was Ghandari, who gave birth to him four hours after the embrace of a Rishi. Immediately after birth he went into a wood. His father, having received a revelation of his whereabouts, sought him, and made him a prophet. As such he is called *Muny. *He is the anthor of the *Mahabharata, Bhagavata, *and other poems, which he wrote under the name of *Viasa. *His son, Sukadewa, excelled the father in purity and virtue, so, that the heavenly Apsaras, six hundred millions of beautiful ethereal maidens, were not at all concerned at bathing in his presence; but they quickly dressed when his father appeared.
BAJITH Bajith
영
Ba'jith (Heb. with the art. *hab-ba'yith, *הִבִּיַת*, the house*)*, *taken by some to be the name of a city in Moab, where there may have been a celebrated idol temple. It occurs in the prophecy against Moab (Isa 15:2): "He is gone up to Bajith and to Dibon, the high places, to weep," which passage is thus interpreted by Bishop Lowth: *"He *is used for the people of Moab. Bajith and Dibon are in the Chaldee and Syriac versions made into the name of one place, *Beth-Dibon. Beth *[i.e. *Bajith*] may signify the house or temple of an idol." The Sept. has Λυπεῖσθε ἑφ᾿ ἑαυτούς*, *Vulg. *Ascendit domus. *Gesenius (*Comment. zu Jesa. *in loc.) understands it as referring, not to a place of this name, but to the "temple" of the false gods of Moab, as opposed to the "high places" in the same sentence (comp. 16:12). The allusion has been supposed to be to Beth-Baalmeon, or Beth-diblathaim, which are named in Jer 48:22, as here, with Dibon and Nebo. In this view Henderson (*Comment. *in loc.) coincides. *SEE BAMOTH*.
BAJULUS Bajulus
영
Bajulus
**(1.) **A conventual officer whose duty it was to receive and distribute the legacies and money. given for divine service and obits. Bishops and abbots also had domestic servants so called.
**(2.) **Persons who carried the cross, candles, etc., in processions.
BAKA Baka
BAKACS, THOMAS Bakacs, Thomas
영
Bakacs, Thomas, an Hungarian bishop, was born at Erdid in 1450, and studied at Vienna, Bologna, and Ferrara. For a time he acted as secretary to cardinal Hippolyt von Este, and thus became known to king Matthias Corvinus, who employed him in the same capacity, and placed the archives of the government under his care. In 1849 he was appointed bishop of Raab, and under Wladislav II he received the bishopric of Erlau in 1494, and three years later he was made archbishop of Gran. Pope Alexander VI made him cardinal in 1500, and pope Julius II patriarch of Conlstantinople in 1507. He died June 11, 1521. Bakacs served his church and country faithfully. and his merits were especially appreciated by the Roman see. See Danks, in Wetzer u. Welte's *Kirchenlexikon, *s.v. (1B. P.)
BAKANTIBOI Bakantiboi
영
Bakantiboi
*SEE VACANTIVI*.
BAKAR Bakar
BAKBAKKAR Bakbakkar
영
Bakbak'kar (Heb. *Bakbakkar', *בִּקבִּקִּר*, *prob. from בַּקֵּר reduplicated, *admirable *or *searcher, *perhaps i. q. בִּקּבִּקאּהִר, *wasting of *the *mount; *Sept. Βακβακάρ), one of the Levites inhabiting the villages of the Netophathites, who were carried captive to Babylon (1Ch 9:15). B.C. 588.
BAKBUK Bakbuk
영
Bak'buk (Heb. *Bakbuk', *בִּקבּוּקּ*, a bottle; *Sept. Βακβούκ)*, *the head of one of the families of the Nethinim that returned from Babylon (Ezr 2:51; Ne 7:53). B.C. ante 536.
BAKBUKIAH Bakbukiah
영
Bakbuki'ah (Heb. *Bakbukyah', *בִּקבֻּקיָה, prob. *wasting of Jehovah; *Sept. Βακβακίας, βοκχείας*, *but other copies omit), a Levits, "second among his brethren," who dwelt at Jerusalem on the return from Babylon (Ne 11:17; Ne 12:9,25, where the identity is proved by the associated names). B.C. post 536.
BAKE Bake
영
Bake
אָפָה, *aphah'*)*. *This domestic operation was usually, among the ancient Israelites, committed to the females or slaves of the family (Ge 18:6; Le 26:26; 1Sa 8:13; 1Sa 28:24; 2Sa 13:8; Mt 13:33; comp. Jer 7:18; Jer 44:19; see the Mishna, *Challah, *2:7; Thilo, *Cod. apocryph. *1:96; Pliny, 18:28; Arvieux, *Voyages,* 3, 226; v. 418; Burckhardt, 2:1003; Russell, *Aleppo, *1:146; Robinson, 2:180), but later they had regular bakers (אֹפַים, *ophin', *Ho 7:4,6; comp. Joseph. *Ant. *15:9, 2), and in Jerusalem (Jer 37:21) there was a special "Bakers' Street" (*bazaar, *forum pistorium). *SEE MECHANIC*. The dough (בָּצֵק, *batsek', *Sept. σταῖς) was made of wheat, barley, or spelt flour (Mishna, *Shebuoth, *3*, *2), and every family took care to bake their own supply in small quantities fresh daily (comp. Arvieux, 1:69; 3, 227; Tavernier, 2:280; Harmer, 3, 474), prepared in a wooden bowl or trough (מַשׁאֶרֶת, *mishe'reth, *Ex 12:28; comp. Shaw, *Trav. *p. 231; Rosenmüller, Morgenl. 1:303 sq.), leavened (an act denoted by the verb חָמֵוֹ, *chanets'*) properly (Pliny 18:26), and kneaded (an operation designated by לוּשׁ, *lush*)*. *The ferment was omitted whenever it was necessary to bake in haste (Ge 19:3; Ex 12:34 sq., 39; Jg 6:19; 1Sa 28:24; comp. Pliny 18:27), and the modern Bedouins scarcely use leaven at all (Arvieux, 3, 227; Robinson, 3, 76); and even in cities, for the most part, bread is baked unfermented in the East (Rippell, *Abyss. *1:199). *SEE PASSOVER; SEE LEAVEN*. The bread is made in the form of long or round cakes (כַּכּרוֹת לֶחֶם*, kikkeroth' le'chem, *Ex 29:23; 1Sa 2:36; Jg 8:5; Sept. κολλυρὶς ἄρτου)*, *of the size of a plate and the thickness of the thumb (Korte, *Reis. *p. 436; Russell, *Aleppo, *1:146; Harmer, *Obs. *3*, *60 sq.; Robinson, 2:496); hence in eating they were not cut, but broken (Isa 57:7; Mt 14:19; Mt 26:26; Ac 20:11; comp. Xenoph. *Anab. *7:3, 22; Plaut. *Pan. *3*, *5, 19; Curt. 4:2, 14; Robinson, 2:497). *SEE MEAL*. The proper oven (תִּנּוּר, *tannur', *comp. Ho 7:4,6), which in Oriental cities is sometimes public (Shaw, *Trav. *p. 202; Harmer, 1:246), differs little from ours (Arvieux, 3, 229). But, besides these, use was principally made of large stone jars, open at the mouth, about three feet high, with a fire made inside (regularly with wood, comp. Isa 44:15, but on occasion also of dry dung, Eze 4:12; comp. Arvieux, 3, 228 sq.; Korte, p. 438; *SEE FUEL *), for baking bread and cakes, as soon as the sides were sufficiently heated, by applying the thin dough to the exterior (according to others, to the interior surface likewise), the opening at the top being closed (comp. Arvieux, 3, 227; Niebuhr, *Beschr. *p. 57; Tavernier, 1:280; Rippell, *ut sup.*)*. *Such a pot is still called *tanur *by the Arabs (Michaelis, *Orient. Bibl. *7:176). Another mode of baking, which is still very common in the East, consists either in filling a shallow pit with red-hot gravel-stones, which, as soon as they have imparted their heat to the hole, are taken out and the cakes of dough laid in their place (Tavernier, 1:64); or a jar is half filled with hot pebbles and the dough spread on the surface of these (Arvieux, 3, 229). This preparation of bread is probably denoted by the עֻגּוֹת רצָפַים, *uggoth' retsaphim' *("cakes baken on the coals"), of 1Ki 19:6. That baked regularly in the oven, on the other hand, is called מִאֲפֵה תִּגּוּר , *naapheh' tannur' *("baken in the oven," Le 2:4). Still another kind was baked in the ashes (comp. Robinson, 2:496). *SEE ASH-CAKE*. The Israelites doubtless became early acquainted with the finer method of preparing bread practiced among the Egyptians (comp. Rossellini, II, 2:464). *SEE COOK*. The operations are delineated on the annexed cut, taken from the representations on the tombs of Rameses III at Thebes (Wilkinson's *Anc. Egyptians, *abridgm. 1:174 sq.). *SEE BREAD*.
BAKE, HENRY Bake, Henry
영
Bake, Henry an English Congregational minister, was born at Bishop Monkton, near Ripon, Nov. 26, 1800. His early educational advantages were very meagre. He joined the Methodists at the age of fifteen, and soon after became a local preacher. He had strong desires for the stated ministry, and, on his marrying, joined the Congregationalists, began to preach for them, and in 1835 was ordained to the pastorate at Wetherby. In 1842 Mr. Bake entered the town mission work in Leeds, where he preached three years; and then preached successively two years at Wakefield, ten years for the combined churches of Cowick and Polling ton, six years at Malpas, in Cheshire, and six years at Wellington. In 1869 he retired to Stone, where he died, April, 1876. See (Lond.) *Cong. Year-book, *1877, p. 342.
BAKE, REINHARD Bake, Reinhard
영
Bake, Reinhard a Protestant theologian of Germany, was born May 4, 1587. In 1616 he was appointed deacon and in 1617 pastor of the Cathedral Church at Magdeburg. When Tilly (well known in the history of the Thirty Years' War) had the cathedral church opened, in which, according to some, one thousand, according to others four thousand, people had taken refuge-this happened on May 12 Bake met him with the following slightly changed verses (see Virgil, *AEn*. ii, 324):
***"Venit summa dies et ineluctabile fatum Magd'burgo! Fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium et ingeus Gloria Parthenopes!"***
All efforts of the Jesuits who followed Tilly to convert Bake to their faith were in vain. In Tilly's secretary Bake found a friend, and thus succeeded in fleeing to Grimma, where he was made pastor and superintendent. In 1640 he returned, as first cathedral preacher, to Magdeburg, where he died, Feb. 19, 1657. See *Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, *s.v. (B. P.)
BAKEMEATS Bakemeats
영
Bake-meats (מִאֲכָל מִעֲשֵׂה אֹפֶה, *maikal' madseh' opheh', food *the *work of *the *baker*)*, *baked provisions (Ge 40:17). *SEE BAKE*.
BAKER Baker
BAKER, ABIJAH RICHARDSON DD Baker, Abijah Richardson Dd
영
Baker, Abijah Richardson D.D., a Congregational minister, was born in Franklin, Mass., Atug. 30, 1805. He was prepared for college in Medway and Bradford, Mass., and graduated at Amherst in 1830, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1835. From 1836 to 1837 he was a teacher in Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass.; and was ordained in 1838 as pastor of the First Trinitarian Congregational Church in Medford, continuing in that position until 1848. The following year he was agent of the Massachusetts Sabbathschool Society. In 1851 he was installed in Central Church, Lynn, Mass., remaining until 1854, when he became acting-pastor of the West Needham Church. He left in 1861, and in 1864 was acting-pastor of E Street Church, South Boston, where he continued until 1866, when he removed to Dorchester, Mass., without charge. Here he died, April 30, 1876. In addition to a number of sermons, he was the author of a *School History of the United States; *and was the editor of six volumes of *The Mother*'*s Assistant, *and of as many volumes of *Happy Home. *His wife was widely known by her writings, under the *nom de plume *of "Madeline Leslie." See *Congregational Quarterly, *1877, p. 408, 569.
BAKER, ALBERT Baker, Albert
영
Baker, Albert a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born in the city of Baltimore, Sept. 15, 1820. He experienced religion in 1835; and in 1839 entered the Baltimore Conference, wherein he served the Church until his death, Oct. 19, 1842. Mr. Baker was a vigorous, devoted, and very promising young man. See *Minutes of Annual Conferences, *1843, p. 353.
BAKER, B P Baker, B P
영
Baker, B. P.
a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born in Wayne County, O., May 2, 1832. He emigrated to Indiana with his parents in 1835; experienced religion at the age of fourteen; received license to preach in 1866, and was admitted into the North Indiana Conference,wherein he labored faithfully until his death in October, 1875. See *Minutes of Annual Conf., *1876, p. 37.
ABELL, JAMES Abell, James
영
Abell, James a Presbyterian minister, was born in Norwich, Conn., in 1792. He entered college from Lisbon, Conn. where his preparatory studies had been pursued. After leaving Yale he studied theology at the Seminary in Andover, Mass., graduating in 1822. He was ordained and installed, Jan. 18, 1825, pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Oswego, where he remained five years. He was then installed over the Presbyterian Church in Oxford, N. Y., Sept. 14, 1830, was settled there seven years, and was then called to the pastorate of the Reformed (Dutch) Church in Chittenango, N.Y., where he continued nearly nineteen years, and resigned in 1857. This was his last charge. He was fourteen years a member of the board of trustees of Hamilton College. He died May 7, 1868. See *Obituary Record of Yale College, *1868*. Presbyterianism in Central New York, *p. 685.
ABELLANE Abellane
영
Abellane
*SEE ABEL-BETH-MAACHAH*.
ABELLI, ANTOINE Abelli, Antoine
영
Abelli, Antoine a French theologian, was born in Paris in 1527. He became a Dominican, or Frere Precheur, and commendatory abbot of Notre Dame-de-Livry, in the Aunoy (a district in the ile de France). For three years he was vicar- general of his congregation, and was also preacher and confessor to the queen Catherine de Medicis. He signed the act of the University of Paris by which he took the oath of fidelity to Henry IV, April 22, 1594. According to Quetif and Richard I, he was a man of integrity and learning. He died about 1600. He wrote, *La Maniere de bien Prier, avec la Vertu et Efficace de l'Oraison Prouvee par l'Example des 'Anciens, *etc. (Paris, 1564, 8vo) *Sermon sur les. Lamentations du Saint Prophete Hierenmie *(Paris, 1582*): — Lettre a la Reyne Catherine de Medicis *(1564).
ABELLI, LOUIS Abelli, Louis
영
Abelli, Louis Bishop of Rodez (South France), was born at Vez, 1604. He was made bishop in 1664, but resigned in three years, to become a monk in the convent of St. Lazare, at Paris. He was a violent opposer of the Jansenists, and author of a system of Dogmatic Theology, entitled *Medulla Theologica *(republished in Mayence, 1839), and also of *Vie de St. Vincent de Paul, *4to. He was an ardent advocate of the worship of the Virgin Mary, and wrote, in its defense, *La Tradition de l'eglise touchont le culte de la Vierge, *1652, 8vo. He died in his convent in 1691.
ABELLI, LOUIS (2) Abelli, Louis (2)
영
Abelli, Louis a French theologian, was born in 1603 in the Vexin. He was first rector of St. Josse at Paris, then bishop of Rhodes. In 1664 he resigned his bishopric, and went to Paris to live in retirement. He was a strong adversary of Port-Royal. He died at Paris, Oct. 4, 1691. — He wrote, *Medulla Theologica *(1650): *— Tradition de 'Eglise touchant la Devotion des Chretiens' envers la Sainte Vierge *(1652-72): — *La Vie du Veneable Seriteur de Dieu, Vincent de Paul *(1664): — *La Couronne de l'Annee Chretime, ou Meditations sum' les plus Importantes Vieites de l'Evangile* (translated by him into Latin in 1732)*: — Considerations sur l'Eternite . — La Vie de Sainte Josse de Bretagne *(Abbeille): — *Defense de la*
*Hierarchie de Eglise, et de l'Autorite du Pape *(Paris, 1659)*: — Taite des Heresies (*1661*)., *See *Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, *s.v.
ABELMAIM Abelmaim
영
A'bel-ma'im (Heb. *Abel Ma'yim, *אָבַּל מִיַם*, meadow of water; *Sept. Α᾿βελμαϊvν*,* Vulg. *Abelmain), *one of the cities of Naphtali captured by Bendahad (2Ch 16:4); elsewhere (1Ki 15:20) called ABEL-BETH- MAACHAH *SEE ABEL-BETH-MAACHAH *(q.v.).
ABELMEA Abelmea
영
Abelmea
*SEE ABEL-MEHOLAH*.
ABELMEHOLAH Abelmeholah
영
A'bel-meho'lah (Heb. *Abel' Mecholah', *מחוֹלָה אָבֵל, *meadow of dancing; *Sept. Α᾿βελμεουλά and Α᾿βελμαουλά*, *Vul. *Abelmehula *and *Abelneuel), *a place not far from the Jordan, on the confines of Issachar and Manasseh, in the vicinity of Beth-shittah, Zeredah, and Tabbath, whither Gideon's three hundred picked men pursued the routed Midianites (Jg 7:22). It was the birthplace or residence of Elisha the prophet (1Ki 19:16), and lay not far from Beth-shean (1Ki 4:12); according to Eusebius *(Onomast. *Βηθμαελά*), *in the plain of the Jordan, 16 (Jerome 10) Roman miles south, probably the same with the village *Abelmea *mentioned by Jerome *(ibid. *Eusebius less correctly Α᾿βὲλ νεά) as situated between Scythopolis (Bethshean) and Neapolis (Shechem). It is also alluded to by Epiphanius (whose text has inaccurately Α᾿βελμούδ v. *r. *Α᾿μεμουήλ*, *and wrongly locates it in the tribe of Reuben), and (as Α᾿βελμαούλ) in the *Pas(kal Chronicle *(see Reland, *Palest. *p. 522). It was probably situated not far from where the Wady el-Maleh (which seems to retain a trace of the name) emerges into the Aulon or valley of the Jordan; perhaps at the ruins now called *Khurbet esh-Skul', *which are on an undulating plain beside a stream (Van de Velde, *Narrative. *2:340). This appears to agree with the conjectural location assigned by Schwarz *(Palest. *p. 159), although the places he names do not occur on any map.
ABELMEHOLAH (2) Abelmeholah (2)
영
Abel-meholah Tristram conjectures this to be "a spot now called *Sher-habiel, *a trace of the name lingering in the neighboring Wady Maleh" *(Bible Places *p. 229);. while Lieut. Conder locates it at "a place now called *Ain Helweh, *in the Jordan valley, to which the direct road led past Shunem down the valley of Jezreel' *(Tent Work, *1, 124).
ABELMIZRAIM Abelmizraim
영
A'bel-miz'raim (Heb.*Abel' Mitsra'yim, *מַצרִיַם אָבֵל*, meadow of 'Egypt; *but which should probably be pointed אֵבֶל מַצרִיַם, *E'bel Mistra'yim, mourning of *the *Egyptians, *as in the former part of the same verse: and so appear to have read the Sept. πένθος Αἰγύπτου*, *and Vulg. *Ploenctus Egypti), *a place beyond (i.e. on the west bank of) the Jordan, occupied (perhaps subsequently) by the threshing-floor of Atad. where the Egyptians performed their seven days' mourning ceremonies over the embalmed body of Jacob prior to interment (Ge 1; Ge 11). *SEE ATAD*. Jerome *(Onomast. *Area Atad) places it between Jericho and the Jordan, at three Roman miles distance from the former and two from the latter, corresponding (Reland, *Paloese. *p. 522) to the later site of BETH-HOGLAH *SEE BETH- HOGLAH *(q.v.).
