1
Exodus 30:1
英文原文
Exodus 37:25-28; Exodus 40:26-27. The altar of incense was to be a casing of boards of shittim wood Exodus 25:5, Exodus 25:18 inches square and three feet in height (taking the cubit as 18 inches), entirely covered with plates of gold. Four "horns" were to project upward at the corners like those of the altar of burnt-offering Exodus 27:2. A crown or moulding of gold was to run round the top. On each of two opposite sides there was to be a gold ring through which the staves were to be put when it was moved from place to place.
4
Exodus 30:4
「在两角」——不是"角"。见旁注。其意义似乎是：你要在坛的牙边以下，在坛的两边作两个金环，每边一个（即每边各一环）。
英文原文
By the two corners thereof - Not corners. See the margin. The sense appears to be: And two gold rings shalt thou make for it under its moulding; on its two sides shalt thou make them (i. e. one ring on each side).
6
Exodus 30:6
香坛的位置在幔子外，正对着约柜，介于南面的灯台与北面的陈设饼桌子之间（Exodus 40:22-24）。它似乎被视为与至圣所有比圣所中其他物件更亲密的关联；并且本节提到施恩座，若我们将其与香所象征的意义——即象征主百姓的祷告（Psalm 141:2；Revelation 5:8；Revelation 8:3-4）——联系起来，似乎就为以下推论提供了额外的根据：香坛的地位在陈设饼桌子和灯台之上。
英文原文
The place for the altar of incense was outside the veil, opposite to the ark of the covenant and between the candlestick on the south side and the showbread table on the north Exodus 40:22-24. It appears to have been regarded as having a more intimate connection with the holy of holies than the other things in the holy place; and the mention of the mercy-seat in this verse, if we associate with it the significance of incense as figuring the prayers of the Lord's people Psalm 141:2; Revelation 5:8; Revelation 8:3-4, seems to furnish additional pound for an inference that the incense altar took precedence of the table of showbread and the candlestick.
7
Exodus 30:7
「灯」——见 Exodus 25:37。
Exodus 30:7-8
烧香是与早晚献祭一同进行的。这两种献祭象征人的灵寻求与 Yahweh 相交——既在行为上，也在言语上。参 Psalm 141:2。
英文原文
The lamps - See Exodus 25:37.
Exodus 30:7-8
The offering of the incense accompanied that of the morning and evening sacrifice. The two forms of offering symbolized the spirit of man reaching after communion with Yahweh, both in act and utterance. See Psalm 141:2.
9
Exodus 30:9
藉着这一规定，香坛的象征意义得以免于含糊。赎罪是在外面的院子里、在铜祭坛上藉着祭牲成就的；而得和好的敬拜者之祷告，则在会幕之内有其预表。
英文原文
By this regulation, the symbolism of the altar of incense was kept free from ambiguity. atonement was made by means of the victim on the brazen altar in the court ontside; the prayers of the reconciled worshippers had their type within the tabernacle.
10
Exodus 30:10
见旁注。
英文原文
See the marginal references.
11
Exodus 30:11
「灵魂的赎价」——参 Exodus 38:25-28。将这些话与 Numbers 1:1-3 的话相比较，我们或许可以推断：前一段经文仅涉及在各人缴纳银钱之时数点成年以色列人，而后一段经文所吩咐的，则是按照家谱和兵役次序对他们作正式的登记。
「为他的性命把赎价」——诚恳的敬拜者如此缴纳的，既是他信靠耶和华之良善的果子，也是其凭据——这位耶和华已经救赎了他，领他进入圣约。因此，这笔款项被恰当地称为赎价，因为它涉及个人对自身蒙救赎这一事实的领受。关于"生命"（soul）一词，见 Leviticus 17:11。
「免得有灾殃」——即免得他们因忽略、轻视属灵的特权而遭受刑罚。参 Exodus 28:35；1 Corinthians 11:27-30；以及我们圣餐礼文中的劝勉。
英文原文
The Ransom of Souls. - Exodus 38:25-28. On comparing these words with those of Numbers 1:1-3, we may perhaps infer that the first passage relates to a mere counting of the adult Israelites at the time when the money was taken from each, and that what the latter passage enjoins was a formal enrolment of them according to their genealogies and their order of military service.
A ransom for his soul - What the sincere worshipper thus paid was at once the fruit and the sign of his faith in the goodness of Yahweh, who had redeemed him and brought him into the covenant. Hence, the payment is rightly called a ransom inasmuch as it involved a personal appropriation of the fact of his redemption. On the word soul, see Leviticus 17:11.
That there be no plague - i. e. that they might not incur punishment for the neglect and contempt of spiritual privileges. Compare Exodus 28:35; 1 Corinthians 11:27-30; and the exhortation in our communion Service.
13
Exodus 30:13
「半舍客勒」——半舍客勒所含银子的重量，按今日的价值约合 1 先令 3.5 便士（参 Genesis 23:16；见 Exodus 38:24 注释）。季拉（Gerah）字面上是"豆"，很可能是角豆树的豆子。它被用作一个小重量的名称，正如英语的 grain 一词由一粒麦子而来一样。
英文原文
Half a shekel - The probable weight of silver in the half-shekel would now be worth about 1 shilling, 3 1/2d. (Compare Genesis 23:16. See Exodus 38:24 note.) Gerah is, literally, a bean, probably the bean of the carob or locust-tree. It was used as the name of a small weight, as our word grain came into use from a grain of wheat.
15
Exodus 30:15
每一个以色列人都与耶和华站在完全相同的关系之中。见 Exodus 30:11-12。
英文原文
Every Israelite stood in one and the same relation to Yahweh. See Exodus 30:11-12.
16
Exodus 30:16
「会幕」——即"相会之幕"，在此处以及 Exodus 30:18、Exodus 30:20 中均然。
「给以色列人作纪念」——帐幕中所用的银子是一个纪念物，提醒每个人记住自己在主面前的地位，即立约之民中的一员。
英文原文
tabernacle of the congregation - tent of meeting, here and in Exodus 30:18, Exodus 30:20,
A memorial unto the children of Israel - The silver used in the tabernacle was a memorial to remind each man of his position before the Lord, as one of the covenanted people.
17
Exodus 30:17
参 Exodus 38:8。"铜洗濯盆"及其盆座所用的铜，出自那些甘愿舍弃这类奢侈之物的妇人的铜镜。古埃及人大量使用铜镜。关于洗濯盆的形状，经文没有给出任何提示。所罗门圣殿中作同样用途的铜海和十个盆，则以艺术化的设计精工制成，并在 1 Kings 7:23-29 中有详细的描述。
英文原文
Exodus 38:8. The bronze for the "Laver of brass" and its foot was supplied from the bronze mirrors of the women who voluntarily gave up these articles of luxury. Bronze mirrors were much used by the ancient Egyptians. No hint is given as to the form of the laver. The brazen sea and the ten lavers that served the same purpose in the temple of Solomon, were elaborately worked in artistic designs and are minutely described 1 Kings 7:23-29.
19
Exodus 30:19
「洗手洗脚」——在某些庄严的场合，他还须沐浴全身（Exodus 29:4；Leviticus 16:4）。洗濯盆想必也为洗净祭牲需经洁净的部位提供了水（Leviticus 1:9）。
英文原文
Wash their hands and their feet - On certain solemn occasions he was required to bathe his whole person Exodus 29:4; Leviticus 16:4. The laver must also have furnished the water for washing those parts of the victims that needed cleansing Leviticus 1:9.
20
Exodus 30:20
「免得死亡」——见 Exodus 28:35 注释。
英文原文
That they die not - See Exodus 28:35 note.
22
Exodus 30:22
参 Exodus 37:29。
英文原文
Compare Exodus 37:29.
23
Exodus 30:23
「上品的香料」——即最好的香料。
「流质的没药」——是一种树胶，出自一种低矮、多刺而粗糙的树木的茎干；这种树生长于幸福阿拉伯与东非，植物学家称之为 Balsamodendron myrrha（没药树）。这里译作“流质”的词，字面意思是“自由流出的”；这一形容可由如下事实解释：据说最好的没药会自动从树皮渗出，而品质较次的没药则从树皮的切口中更大量地渗出。
「五百舍客勒」——大概略多于15.25磅。见 Exodus 38:24。
「香肉桂」——取自一种与月桂近缘、生长于锡兰（斯里兰卡）及印度洋其他岛屿的树木，植物学上称为 Cinnamomum zeylanicum（锡兰肉桂）。它是这种树的内皮经日光晒干而成。很早以前，俄斐人就从印度把它输入；往来于埃及与叙利亚的商队，又把它与其他香料一起从阿拉伯南部运来。出埃及记中提到这些香料，可视为我们所拥有的与远东贸易相关的最早记载。
「二百五十舍客勒」——约7磅14盎司。
「香菖蒲」——这种芳香的藤状芦苇（或灯心草），大概就是现今印度所称的柠檬草。
英文原文
Principal spices - i. e. the best spices.
Pure myrrh - Is a gum which comes from the stem of a low, thorny, ragged tree, that grows in Arabia Felix and Eastern Africa, called by botanists Balsamodendron myrrha. The word here rendered pure, is literally, "freely flowing", an epithet which is explained by the fact that the best myrrh is said to exude spontaneously from the bark, while that of inferior quality oozes out in greater quantity from incisions made in the bark.
Five hundred shekels - Probably rather more than 15 1/4 lbs. See Exodus 38:24.
Cinnamon - is obtained from a tree allied to the laurel that grows in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and other islands of the Indian Ocean, known in Botany as the Cinnamomum zeylanicum. It is the inner rind of the tree dried in the sun. It was imported from India in very early times by the people of Ophir, and brought with other spices from the south part of Arabia by the trading caravans that visited Egypt and Syria. The mention of these spices in Exodus may be taken as the earliest notice we have connected with commerce with the remote East.
Two hundred and fifty shekels - about 7 lbs. 14 oz.
Sweet calamus - The fragrant cane (or rush) was probably what is now known in India as the Lemon Grass.
24
Exodus 30:24
「桂皮」——是一种印度树木（Cinnamomum cassia）的内皮；这树与产肉桂的树在叶形及若干其他细节上有所不同。古时大概也如现今一样，桂皮远比肉桂廉价；也许正因如此，它的用量是双倍的。
「一欣」——大概约为六品脱。见 Leviticus 19:36。
英文原文
Cassia - is the inner bark of an Indian tree (Cinnamomum cassia), which differs from that which produces cinnamon in the shape of its leaves and some other particulars. It was probably in ancient times, as it is at present, by far less costly than cinnamon, and it may have been on this account that it was used in double quantity.
An hin - Probably about six pints. See Leviticus 19:36.
25
Exodus 30:25
「圣膏油」——更宜作“分别为圣的膏油”。
「按做香之法」——按照犹太传统，香料的精华先被提取出来，然后与油调和。膏油与香的制作都托付给了比撒列（Exodus 37:29），保存的责任则交给亚伦的儿子以利亚撒（Numbers 4:16）。到了后来的时代，它由祭司的子孙制备（1 Chronicles 9:30）。
英文原文
An oil of holy ointment - Rather, a holy anointing oil.
After the art of the apothecary - According to Jewish tradition, the essences of the spices were first extracted, and then mixed with the oil. The preparation of the anointing oil, as well as of the incense, was entrusted to Bezaleel Exodus 37:29, and the care of preserving it to Eleazar, the son of Aaron Numbers 4:16. In a later age, it was prepared by the sons of the priests 1 Chronicles 9:30.
32
Exodus 30:32
「人的肉体上」——意即在非祭司之人的身上；他们在节庆场合可能会照常例使用膏油抹身（Psalm 104:15；Proverbs 27:9；Matthew 6:17 等）。
英文原文
Upon man's flesh - i. e. on the persons of those who were not priests who might employ it for such anointing as was usual on festive occasions (Psalm 104:15; Proverbs 27:9; Matthew 6:17, etc.).
33
Exodus 30:33
「外人」——见 Exodus 29:33。
「从民中剪除」——见 Exodus 31:14。
英文原文
A stranger - See Exodus 29:33.
Cut off from his people - See Exodus 31:14.
34
Exodus 30:34
参 Exodus 37:29。这香与膏油一样，由四种芳香配料构成。
「拿他弗」——被认为是安息香树（Styrax officinale）的树脂，这种树见于叙利亚及其邻近地区；也可能是称为安息香脂（Benzoin，即“Gum Benjamin”）的树脂——那是今日教堂与清真寺所用香品中的重要成分，产自生长于爪哇和苏门答腊的另一种安息香树（Styrax benzoin）。
「施喜列」——大概是用凤螺即翼贝的螺盖制成的香料，这种贝类盛产于红海。
「喜利比拿」——是一种黄褐色的树脂，呈颗粒或块状，由印度、波斯和非洲输入；但其来源植物至今尚未确知。
「净乳香」——这是最重要的芳香树脂。它如没药一样，本身就被视为珍贵的香料（Sol 3:6；Matthew 2:11），并在律法的一些礼仪中不经掺杂、单独使用。产乳香之树不见于阿拉伯，极可能如肉桂、桂皮与菖蒲一样（见 Exodus 30:23），由示巴人从印度贩运而来。这树如今称为 Boswellia serrata 或 B. thurifera，盛产于印度高地。商业上流通的“乳香”则是另一种物质，即云杉及某些其他冷杉类的树脂。
英文原文
Exodus 37:29. The incense, like the anointing oil, consisted of four aromatic ingredients.
Stacte - supposed to be either the gum of the Storax tree (Styrax officinale) found in Syria and the neighboring countries, or the gum known as Benzoin, or Gum Benjamin, which is an important ingredient in the incense now used in churches and mosques, and is the produce of another storax tree (Styrax benzoin) that grows in Java and Sumatra.
Onycha - , a perfume perhaps made from the cap of the strombus, or wing-shell, which abounds in the Red Sea.
Galbanum - , a gum of a yellowish brown color, in the form of either grains or masses. It is imported from India, Persia, and Africa; but the plant from which it comes is not yet certainly known.
Pure frankincense - This was the most important of the aromatic gums. Like myrrh, it was regarded by itself as a precious perfume Sol 3:6; Matthew 2:11, and it was used unmixed with other substances in some of the rites of the law. The tree from which it is obtained is not found in Arabia, and it was most likely imported from India by the Sabaeans, like Cinnamon, Cassia, and Calamus (see Exodus 30:23). The tree is now known as the Boswellia serrata, or B. thurifera, and grows abundantly in the highlands of India. The frankincense of commerce is a different substance, the resin of the spruce and of some other kinds of fir.
35
Exodus 30:35
见 Exodus 30:25。
「调和在一起」——四种物料大概是先捣碎、充分混合，再熔合成一块。这个译法比旁注的译法更可取。
英文原文
See Exodus 30:25.
Tempered together - The four substances were perhaps pounded and thoroughly mixed together, and then fused into a mass. This rendering is to be preferred to that in the margin.
36
Exodus 30:36
见 Exodus 30:6。
英文原文
See Exodus 30:6.
37
Exodus 30:37
参 Exodus 30:32-33。
英文原文
Compare Exodus 30:32-33.
参 Exodus 37:25-28；Exodus 40:26-27。香坛要用皂荚木（Exodus 25:5、Exodus 25:18）的木板作成一个框架，十八英寸见方、高三英尺（以一肘为十八英寸计），外面全部包上金片。四个"角"要在四角向上突出，如同烔祭坛的角一样（Exodus 27:2）。顶部周围要有一道金牙边（冠冕状的饰边）。在两个相对的侧面，各要作一个金环，用以穿杠，以便从一个地方搬到另一个地方时抬坛。