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De 11:1-32.
英文原文
De 11:1-32.
AN EXHORTATION TO OBEDIENCE.
1. Therefore thou shalt love the Lord thy God, and keep his charge--The reason for the frequent repetition of the same or similar counsels is to be traced to the infantine character and state of the church, which required line upon line and precept upon precept. Besides, the Israelites were a headstrong and perverse people, impatient of control, prone to rebellion, and, from their long stay in Egypt, so violently addicted to idolatry, that they ran imminent risk of being seduced by the religion of the country to which they were going, which, in its characteristic features, bore a strong resemblance to that of the country they had left.
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2-9. 我今日不是与你们的儿女说话，他们不知道……惟有你们亲眼看见耶和华所行的一切大事——摩西在此简述神为拯救他们脱离法老的暴政所施行的奇事与可畏的审判，以及在旷野中所发生的事。他知道他尽可在此详述，因为他所面对的，有许多人曾是那些可畏之事的目击者。因为当记得，神关于他们要死在旷野的警告及其执行，只限于二十岁以上、能出去打仗的男丁。凡二十岁以下的男丁、一切妇女，以及利未支派的所有人，都不在那定罪之列（见
民 14:28-30；16:49）。
因此在那时候，可能有好几千以色列人，摩西可以对他们说：「你们亲眼看见耶和华所行的一切大事」；对这些人而言，摩西这一历史的回顾，恰能激发他们的心，去尽顺服的本分并领受其中的益处。
英文原文
2-9. I speak not with your children which have not known . . . But your eyes have seen all the great acts of the Lord which he did--Moses is here giving a brief summary of the marvels and miracles of awful judgment which God had wrought in effecting their release from the tyranny of Pharaoh, as well as those which had taken place in the wilderness. He knew that he might dwell upon these, for he was addressing many who had been witnesses of those appalling incidents. For it will be remembered that the divine threatening that they should die in the wilderness, and its execution, extended only to males from twenty years and upward, who were able to go forth to war. No males under twenty years of age, no females, and none of the tribe of Levi, were objects of the denunciation (see
Nu 14:28-30; 16:49).
There might, therefore, have been many thousands of the Israelites at that time of whom Moses could say, "Your eyes have seen all the great acts which He did"; and with regard to those the historic review of Moses was well calculated to stir up their minds to the duty and advantages of obedience.
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10-12. 因为你要得为业的那地，不像你出来的埃及地——巴勒斯坦的自然特征与那为奴之地形成鲜明对比。埃及的可耕部分是一片广袤的平原，而在这片低平的国土大部分地区，雨水从不降落。这一天然不足由尼罗河每年的泛滥来补充，并在河水退回其常轨之后，借同一水源的人工手段来灌溉。在靠近河岸之处，灌溉的程序很简单：农人打开播种了种子的方形苗床边缘的小闸，一行接一行地灌水；当足够的水量注入后，他便用脚把闸关上。在河岸高的地方，水由水力机械提上来——所用机械有三种，功率各异，视河水退落而定。水通过小渠或土制水道来分配，构造简单，以脚操作，由园丁用锄头修筑并引导其走向，并视需要用脚踩压泥土以筑堤或开口。以色列人长久所居之地就是这样灌溉的。这样的警醒和劳苦在应许之地便不需要了。那里不会像埃及一样，仅在短暂的一季得着滋润，其余时间都在枯萎的灾患之下；每一季节都享受温和气候的恩泽。山岭吸引频繁的云彩，在清新的阵雨中，神的赐福要特别临到那地。
英文原文
10-12. For the land, whither thou goest in to possess it, is not as the land of Egypt, from whence ye came out--The physical features of Palestine present a striking contrast to those of the land of bondage. A widely extending plain forms the cultivated portion of Egypt, and on the greater part of this low and level country rain never falls. This natural want is supplied by the annual overflow of the Nile, and by artificial means from the same source when the river has receded within its customary channel. Close by the bank the process of irrigation is very simple. The cultivator opens a small sluice on the edge of the square bed in which seed has been sown, making drill after drill; and when a sufficient quantity of water has poured in, he shuts it up with his foot. Where the bank is high, the water is drawn up by hydraulic engines, of which there are three kinds used, of different power, according to the subsidence of the stream. The water is distributed in small channels or earthen conduits, simple in construction, worked by the foot, and formed with a mattock by the gardener who directs their course, and which are banked up or opened, as occasion may require, by pressing in the soil with the foot. Thus was the land watered in which the Israelites had dwelt so long. Such vigilance and laborious industry would not be needed in the promised land. Instead of being visited with moisture only at one brief season and left during the rest of the year under a withering blight, every season it would enjoy the benign influences of a genial climate. The hills would attract the frequent clouds, and in the refreshing showers the blessing of God would especially rest upon the land.
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12. 是耶和华你神所眷顾的地——即祂亲手浇灌，无需人力或机械之助。
英文原文
12. A land which the Lord thy God careth for--that is, watering it, as it were, with His own hands, without human aid or mechanical means.
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14. 秋雨春雨——秋雨始于秋季，主要在九、十月间；春雨降于春季，主要在三、四月间。整个冬季确有偶尔的阵雨；但春秋两季雨水更为频繁、丰沛而重要；因为经过漫长炎热的夏季之后，秋雨是预备土壤接受种子的必需；而紧在收割之前的春雨，对使衰萎的植物恢复生机极为有用
(耶 5:24; 珥 2:23; 摩 4:7; 雅 5:7)。
英文原文
14. the first rain and the latter rain--The early rain commenced in autumn, that is, chiefly during the months of September and October, while the latter rain fell in the spring of the year, that is, during the months of March and April. It is true that occasional showers fell all the winter; but, at the autumnal and vernal seasons, they were more frequent, copious, and important; for the early rain was necessary, after a hot and protracted summer, to prepare the soil for receiving the seed; and the latter rain, which shortly preceded the harvest, was of the greatest use in invigorating the languishing powers of vegetation
(Jer 5:24; Joe 2:23; Am 4:7; Jas 5:7).
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15-17. 也必使田野为你的牲畜长草——秋雨春雨的特别赐福
[申 11:14]
无疑是古代迦南异常肥沃的主要原因之一。这赐福应许给以色列人，作为他们对国家圣约忠心的属地赏赐
[申 11:13]。
他们若悖逆或背道，这赐福就要收回；现今巴勒斯坦的贫瘠正是这警告应验的最显著记号。英国农夫 LOWTHIAN 先生从雅法往耶路撒冷途中，因竟看不见一根草——即使在英国最贫瘠之地也有一些野草——而深为震惊，便特意关注此事，在耶路撒冷居住一个月期间继续探查。他得知当地居民每日以高价买到极少量的奶，且主要是驴奶。『我极清楚地看出，』他说，『该国大片地区的荒芜，是由于秋雨春雨的停止，而草和花的消失使其不再成为
(申 11:9)
流奶与蜜之地。』
英文原文
15-17. I will send grass in thy fields for thy cattle--Undoubtedly the special blessing of the former and the latter rain
[De 11:14]
was one principal cause of the extraordinary fertility of Canaan in ancient times. That blessing was promised to the Israelites as a temporal reward for their fidelity to the national covenant
[De 11:13].
It was threatened to be withdrawn on their disobedience or apostasy; and most signally is the execution of that threatening seen in the present sterility of Palestine. MR. LOWTHIAN, an English farmer, who was struck during his journey from Joppa to Jerusalem by not seeing a blade of grass, where even in the poorest localities of Britain some wild vegetation is found, directed his attention particularly to the subject, and pursued the inquiry during a month's residence in Jerusalem, where he learned that a miserably small quantity of milk is daily sold to the inhabitants at a dear rate, and that chiefly asses' milk. "Most clearly," says he, "did I perceive that the barrenness of large portions of the country was owing to the cessation of the early and latter rain, and that the absence of grass and flowers made it no longer the land
(De 11:9)
flowing with milk and honey."
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18-25. 你们要将我这话存在心内，留在意中，系在手上——（参
申 6:1)。
英文原文
18-25. lay up these my words in your heart and in your soul, and bind them--(See on
De 6:1).
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24. 你们脚掌所踏之地都必归你们——并非说犹太人要作世界之主，而是指应许之地内的每一处。在顺服的条件下，这地要赐给他们并由他们拥有：
从旷野——即南方的亚拉巴；
黎巴嫩——北方的界限；
伯拉大河（幼发拉底河）——东边的边界。他们的统治权延伸如此之远，这权利在所罗门时实现。
直到西海——即地中海。
英文原文
24. Every place whereon the soles of your feet shall tread shall be yours--not as if the Jews should be lords of the world, but of every place within the promised land. It should be granted to them and possessed by them, on conditions of obedience:
from the wilderness--the Arabah on the south;
Lebanon--the northern limit;
Euphrates--their boundary on the east. Their grant of dominion extended so far, and the right was fulfilled to Solomon.
even unto the uttermost sea--the Mediterranean.
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26-32. 看哪，我今日将祝福与咒诅都陈明在你们面前——（参
申 27:11)。
英文原文
26-32. Behold, I set before you this day a blessing and a curse--(See on
De 27:11).
De 11:1-32.
劝勉顺服。
1. 所以你要爱耶和华你的神，常守祂的吩咐——之所以如此频繁地重复相同或相似的训诲，其原因可追溯到教会尚处幼年的特性与状态，需要「命上加命、令上加令」地反复教导。况且，以色列人是个顽梗悖逆的民族，难以约束，易于反叛，又因长年寄居埃及而深陷拜偶像的恶习，所以随时都有被他们所要前往之地的宗教诱惑的危险——那地的宗教在其特征上与他们所离开之地的宗教极为相似。