1
De 11:1-32.
英文原文
De 11:1-32.
AN EXHORTATION TO OBEDIENCE.
1. Therefore thou shalt love the Lord thy God, and keep his charge--The reason for the frequent repetition of the same or similar counsels is to be traced to the infantine character and state of the church, which required line upon line and precept upon precept. Besides, the Israelites were a headstrong and perverse people, impatient of control, prone to rebellion, and, from their long stay in Egypt, so violently addicted to idolatry, that they ran imminent risk of being seduced by the religion of the country to which they were going, which, in its characteristic features, bore a strong resemblance to that of the country they had left.
2
無標題
2-9. 今日你們知道，我本不是和你們的兒女說話……你們親眼看見耶和華所行的一切大事——摩西在此簡略概述神為成就他們從法老暴政下得釋放所行的奇事和可畏的審判，以及在曠野中所發生的種種。他知道他可以詳論這些，因為他所面對的許多人是那些可畏事件的見證人。因為當記得，那使他們死在曠野的警告及其執行，僅限於二十歲以上能出去打仗的男丁。二十歲以下的男丁、一切女丁，以及利未支派的任何人，都不是咒詛的對象（參
民 14:28-30; 16:49)。
因此當時可能有成千上萬的以色列人，摩西可以對他們說："你們親眼看見祂所行的一切大事"；對這些人而言，摩西的歷史回顧很能激發他們順服的心志和認識順服的益處。
英文原文
2-9. I speak not with your children which have not known . . . But your eyes have seen all the great acts of the Lord which he did--Moses is here giving a brief summary of the marvels and miracles of awful judgment which God had wrought in effecting their release from the tyranny of Pharaoh, as well as those which had taken place in the wilderness. He knew that he might dwell upon these, for he was addressing many who had been witnesses of those appalling incidents. For it will be remembered that the divine threatening that they should die in the wilderness, and its execution, extended only to males from twenty years and upward, who were able to go forth to war. No males under twenty years of age, no females, and none of the tribe of Levi, were objects of the denunciation (see
Nu 14:28-30; 16:49).
There might, therefore, have been many thousands of the Israelites at that time of whom Moses could say, "Your eyes have seen all the great acts which He did"; and with regard to those the historic review of Moses was well calculated to stir up their minds to the duty and advantages of obedience.
10
無標題
10-12. 你要得為業的那地，本不像你出來的埃及地——巴勒斯坦的自然景觀與那為奴之地形成鮮明對比。埃及的可耕地是一片廣闊的平原，而在這片低平的土地上大部分地區從不下雨。這一天然的缺乏由尼羅河每年的氾濫以及河水退回常態河道後的人工灌溉來補足。在河岸近處，灌溉極其簡單。耕作者在已播種的方形畦邊開一小水口，一行接一行地灌水；待水量充足，便用腳將口堵住。在岸高的地方，則用水車將水提上——所用的水車有三種，功率各異，視河水水位而定。水順著小渠或土溝分佈，構造簡單，用腳操作，由園丁以鶴嘴鋤開掘並引導其流向，並視需要以腳踏土堵住或開放。以色列人久居之地便是如此灌溉的。應許之地卻不需要這樣的警醒和辛勤。那地不像只在短暫的季節得到滋潤、其餘時日都在枯萎的炙曬之下，而是每個季節都享受溫和氣候的美善影響。山嶽吸引頻繁的雲彩，在清新的陣雨之中，神的賜福特別臨到那地。
英文原文
10-12. For the land, whither thou goest in to possess it, is not as the land of Egypt, from whence ye came out--The physical features of Palestine present a striking contrast to those of the land of bondage. A widely extending plain forms the cultivated portion of Egypt, and on the greater part of this low and level country rain never falls. This natural want is supplied by the annual overflow of the Nile, and by artificial means from the same source when the river has receded within its customary channel. Close by the bank the process of irrigation is very simple. The cultivator opens a small sluice on the edge of the square bed in which seed has been sown, making drill after drill; and when a sufficient quantity of water has poured in, he shuts it up with his foot. Where the bank is high, the water is drawn up by hydraulic engines, of which there are three kinds used, of different power, according to the subsidence of the stream. The water is distributed in small channels or earthen conduits, simple in construction, worked by the foot, and formed with a mattock by the gardener who directs their course, and which are banked up or opened, as occasion may require, by pressing in the soil with the foot. Thus was the land watered in which the Israelites had dwelt so long. Such vigilance and laborious industry would not be needed in the promised land. Instead of being visited with moisture only at one brief season and left during the rest of the year under a withering blight, every season it would enjoy the benign influences of a genial climate. The hills would attract the frequent clouds, and in the refreshing showers the blessing of God would especially rest upon the land.
12
無標題
12. 是耶和華你神所眷顧的地——即祂親自澆灌那地，彷彿用祂自己的手，不需人力或機械工具的幫助。
英文原文
12. A land which the Lord thy God careth for--that is, watering it, as it were, with His own hands, without human aid or mechanical means.
14
無標題
14. 秋雨春雨——秋雨始於秋季，主要在九、十月間；春雨降於春季，主要在三、四月間。整個冬季確有零星陣雨；但春秋兩季的雨水更為頻繁、豐沛而重要；因為經過炎熱漫長的夏天之後，秋雨對預備土壤接受種子是不可少的；而春雨在收割前不久降下，對激發植物萎靡的生機大有助益
(耶 5:24; 珥 2:23; 摩 4:7; 雅 5:7)。
英文原文
14. the first rain and the latter rain--The early rain commenced in autumn, that is, chiefly during the months of September and October, while the latter rain fell in the spring of the year, that is, during the months of March and April. It is true that occasional showers fell all the winter; but, at the autumnal and vernal seasons, they were more frequent, copious, and important; for the early rain was necessary, after a hot and protracted summer, to prepare the soil for receiving the seed; and the latter rain, which shortly preceded the harvest, was of the greatest use in invigorating the languishing powers of vegetation
(Jer 5:24; Joe 2:23; Am 4:7; Jas 5:7).
15
無標題
15-17. 也必使田野為你的牲畜長草——無疑，秋雨春雨特別的賜福
[申 11:14]
是古代迦南格外肥沃的主要原因之一。那賜福是應許給以色列人的，作為他們忠於國家聖約的屬世賞賜
[申 11:13]。
他們若悖逆或背道，這賜福便被警告要收回；而在巴勒斯坦現今的貧瘠之中，這警告的執行最為顯著。英國農夫 LOWTHIAN 先生從雅法往耶路撒冷的途中，因看不見一片草葉而深感驚訝——即使在英國最貧瘠的地方也總有些野草——便特別留意此事，並在耶路撒冷居住一個月期間繼續探究；他在那裡得知，居民每日以高昂的價格購得極少量的奶，而且主要是驢奶。他說：「我清楚地看出，大片國土的荒蕪是因為秋雨春雨停止了；青草和花卉的消失，使這地不再是
(申 11:9)
那流奶與蜜之地。」
英文原文
15-17. I will send grass in thy fields for thy cattle--Undoubtedly the special blessing of the former and the latter rain
[De 11:14]
was one principal cause of the extraordinary fertility of Canaan in ancient times. That blessing was promised to the Israelites as a temporal reward for their fidelity to the national covenant
[De 11:13].
It was threatened to be withdrawn on their disobedience or apostasy; and most signally is the execution of that threatening seen in the present sterility of Palestine. MR. LOWTHIAN, an English farmer, who was struck during his journey from Joppa to Jerusalem by not seeing a blade of grass, where even in the poorest localities of Britain some wild vegetation is found, directed his attention particularly to the subject, and pursued the inquiry during a month's residence in Jerusalem, where he learned that a miserably small quantity of milk is daily sold to the inhabitants at a dear rate, and that chiefly asses' milk. "Most clearly," says he, "did I perceive that the barrenness of large portions of the country was owing to the cessation of the early and latter rain, and that the absence of grass and flowers made it no longer the land
(De 11:9)
flowing with milk and honey."
18
無標題
18-25. 你們要將我這話存在心內、留在意中、繫在手上——
(參 申 6:1)。
英文原文
18-25. lay up these my words in your heart and in your soul, and bind them--(See on
De 6:1).
24
無標題
24. 你們腳掌所踏之地都必歸你們——並非說猶太人要作世界之主，而是應許之地內的每一處。這地要賜給他們並為他們所佔有，條件是順服：
從曠野——南面的亞拉巴；
黎巴嫩——北方的界限；
伯拉大河——東方的邊界。他們所賜的統治權延伸如此之遠，這權利在所羅門時得著應驗。
直到西海——即地中海。
英文原文
24. Every place whereon the soles of your feet shall tread shall be yours--not as if the Jews should be lords of the world, but of every place within the promised land. It should be granted to them and possessed by them, on conditions of obedience:
from the wilderness--the Arabah on the south;
Lebanon--the northern limit;
Euphrates--their boundary on the east. Their grant of dominion extended so far, and the right was fulfilled to Solomon.
even unto the uttermost sea--the Mediterranean.
26
無標題
26-32. 看哪，我今日將祝福與咒詛的話都陳明在你們面前——
(參 申 27:11)。
英文原文
26-32. Behold, I set before you this day a blessing and a curse--(See on
De 27:11).
申 11:1-32.
勸勉順服。
1. 所以你要愛耶和華你的神，常守他的吩咐——同樣或類似的訓誨之所以屢次重複，當追溯到教會的幼稚特性與狀態——需要"上加一線，又加一線，律上加律，例上加例"。況且以色列人是一個頑梗悖逆的百姓，不服管束，易於反叛，且因長期在埃及而極度沉溺於偶像崇拜，以致他們處於極大的危險之中，會被將要前往之地的宗教所誘惑——那宗教在其特徵上與他們所離開之地的宗教極為相似。