1
De 15:1-11.
英文原文
De 15:1-11.
THE SEVENTH YEAR, A YEAR OF RELEASE FOR THE POOR.
1. At the end of every seven years--during the last of the seven, that is, the sabbatical year
(Ex 21:2; 23:11; Le 25:4; Jer 34:14).
2
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2. 凡债主要把借给邻舍的豁免了——并非指债务的绝对免除，而是指那一年暂不追讨。这宽免是暂时的，且为那一年所特有，因在那年中农业劳作完全停顿。
不可向……弟兄追讨——即以色列人，这样称呼是相对于外人和外人而言。
因为耶和华的豁免年已经宣告了——在那一特定时期释放债户的原因，是出于对神命令的顺服与对神尊荣的顾念；承认他们的产业都是从祂而得，并为祂的恩慈心存感恩。
英文原文
2. Every creditor that lendeth ought unto his neighbour shall release it--not by an absolute discharge of the debt, but by passing over that year without exacting payment. The relief was temporary and peculiar to that year during which there was a total suspension of agricultural labor.
he shall not exact it . . . of his brother--that is, an Israelite, so called in opposition to a stranger or foreigner.
because it is called the Lord's release--The reason for acquitting a debtor at that particular period proceeded from obedience to the command, and a regard for the honor, of God; an acknowledgment of holding their property of Him, and gratitude for His kindness.
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3. 若借给外邦人，你可以向他追讨——外邦归化者可自由享有以色列人的一切宗教特权，尽管这种属灵的合一并不总是意味着民事权利和特权的同等享有
(利 25:44; 耶 34:14; 参 代上 22:2; 代下 2:17)。
英文原文
3. Of a foreigner thou mayest exact it again--Admission to all the religious privileges of the Israelites was freely granted to heathen proselytes, though this spiritual incorporation did not always imply an equal participation of civil rights and privileges
(Le 25:44; Jer 34:14; compare 1Ch 22:2; 2Ch 2:17).
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4. 你若中间没有一个穷人——这看来是限制上述声明
[申 15:3]
的附加从句；于是当释放的"弟兄"指的是贫穷的借债人；隐含之意是，他若富有，即使在禧年也可追还借款。但这些话也可恰当地译作（如旁注）为要……使你们中间没有一个穷人——即叫无人因在不劳动、无收成的时节被不当追讨债务而陷入窘困与贫穷，使众人共享安乐昌盛——只要他们顺从，神必特别赐福此地。
英文原文
4. Save when there shall be no poor man among you--Apparently a qualifying clause added to limit the application of the foregoing statement
[De 15:3];
so that "the brother" to be released pointed to a poor borrower, whereas it is implied that if he were rich, the restoration of the loan might be demanded even during that year. But the words may properly be rendered (as on the Margin) to the end, in order that there may be no poor among you--that is, that none be reduced to inconvenient straits and poverty by unseasonable exaction of debts at a time when there was no labor and no produce, and that all may enjoy comfort and prosperity, which will be the case through the special blessing of God on the land, provided they are obedient.
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7-11. 在你中间若有一个穷人……你不可忍着心——摩西恐怕前述的律法会妨碍以色列人借钱给穷人，便在此劝诫他们不可心怀如此卑鄙自私的精神，并勉励他们以慷慨的慈善和仁爱之心施与，这样必蒙神的赐福
(罗 12:8; 林后 9:7)。
英文原文
7-11. If there be among you a poor man . . . thou shalt not harden thine heart--Lest the foregoing law should prevent the Israelites lending to the poor, Moses here admonishes them against so mean and selfish a spirit and exhorts them to give in a liberal spirit of charity and kindness, which will secure the divine blessing
(Ro 12:8; 2Co 9:7).
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11. 原来那地上的穷人永不断绝——虽然每个以色列人在征服迦南之后都成为产业的主人，但按着预知此事的神的旨意，允许穷人存在——部分作为不顺服的刑罚，部分作为仁慈慈善之心的操练——使"那地上的穷人永不断绝"。
英文原文
11. For the poor shall never cease out of the land--Although every Israelite on the conquest of Canaan became the owner of property, yet in the providence of God who foresaw the event, it was permitted, partly as a punishment of disobedience and partly for the exercise of benevolent and charitable feelings, that "the poor should never cease out of the land."
12
De 15:12-19.
申 15:12-19.
希伯来仆婢的释放。
12. 你弟兄中若有一个希伯来男人或是希伯来女人被卖给你——一个破产的负债者在房屋或田地不足以偿还债务时，最后的绝境便是连同家人被卖为奴
(利 25:39; 王下 4:1; 尼 5:1-13; 伯 24:9; 太 18:25)。
奴役的期限不得超过六年。他们或在被卖后六年期满、或在第七年未满之前获得自由。在禧年，这样的奴仆即使六年服役未满，也得释放〔参
利 25:39〕。
英文原文
De 15:12-19.
HEBREW SERVANTS' FREEDOM.
12. if thy brother, an Hebrew man, or an Hebrew woman, be sold unto thee--The last extremity of an insolvent debtor, when his house or land was not sufficient to cancel his debt, was to be sold as a slave with his family
(Le 25:39; 2Ki 4:1; Ne 5:1-13; Job 24:9; Mt 18:25).
The term of servitude could not last beyond six years. They obtained their freedom either after six years from the time of their sale or before the end of the seventh year. At the year of jubilee, such slaves were emancipated even if their six years of service were not completed [see on
Le 25:39].
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13-15. 你不可使他空手而去——这是使一个不幸的穷人得以恢复其社会原状的一项合时明智的规定；而所提出善待希伯来奴仆的动机，是记念全国曾在埃及为受贬为奴、受迫害的苦工。这样，向其奴仆施以仁慈——在当日别处无可比拟——便由摩西律法所教导；在他们对待如此窘境之人的一切行为上，宽厚与温柔都借着一个任何以色列人都无法抗拒的呼吁加以强调。
英文原文
13-15. thou shalt not let him go away empty--A seasonable and wise provision for enabling a poor unfortunate to regain his original status in society, and the motive urged for his kindness and humanity to the Hebrew slave was the remembrance that the whole nation was once a degraded and persecuted band of helots in Egypt. Thus, kindness towards their slaves, unparalleled elsewhere in those days, was inculcated by the Mosaic law; and in all their conduct towards persons in that reduced condition, leniency and gentleness were enforced by an appeal which no Israelite could resist.
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16, 17. 他若对你说，我不愿意离开你——他们若不肯利用释放的特权，宁愿留在主人这里，便借一种特别的礼仪成为此交易的一方，自愿将自己卖给雇主，并终身事奉他。
英文原文
16, 17. if he say unto thee, I will not go away from thee--If they declined to avail themselves of the privilege of release and chose to remain with their master, then by a peculiar form of ceremony they became a party to the transaction, voluntarily sold themselves to their employer, and continued in his service till death.
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18. 他服事你胜如双倍的雇工——即他当得双倍的工价，因为他的服事对你更有益——既是无工资的，又是长期的；而雇工则按年受雇
(利 25:53)，
最多不过三年
(赛 16:14)。
英文原文
18. he hath been worth a double hired servant to thee--that is, he is entitled to double wages because his service was more advantageous to you, being both without wages and for a length of time, whereas hired servants were engaged yearly
(Le 25:53),
or at most for three years
(Isa 16:14).
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19. 你牛群羊群中凡头生的公的，都要分别为圣归耶和华你的神——〔参
出 13:2〕；
又参
出 22:30)。
牛群中头生的，你不可用它耕地——即第二次的头生（参
申 12:17, 18; 14:23)。
英文原文
19. All the firstling males of thy herd and of thy flock thou shalt sanctify unto the Lord thy God--[See on
Ex 13:2];
see
Ex 22:30).
thou shalt do not work with the firstling of thy bullock--that is, the second firstlings (see
De 12:17, 18; 14:23).
De 15:1-11.
第七年——豁免穷人的禧年。
1. 每逢七年末一年——即七年中的最后一年，亦即安息年
(Ex 21:2; 23:11; Le 25:4; Jer 34:14)。