1
De 15:1-11.
英文原文
De 15:1-11.
THE SEVENTH YEAR, A YEAR OF RELEASE FOR THE POOR.
1. At the end of every seven years--during the last of the seven, that is, the sabbatical year
(Ex 21:2; 23:11; Le 25:4; Jer 34:14).
2
無標題
2. 凡債主要把借給鄰舍的豁免了——不是絕對免除債務，而是當年不追討還款。這是暫時的寬免，為那一年——其間農業勞動完全停頓——所特設。
不可向弟兄追討——"弟兄"指以色列人，與外人或外國人相對而言。
因為耶和華的豁免年已經宣告了——在那特定時期釋放債戶，理由出於對神命令的順服和對神榮耀的看重；承認產業是從祂而得，並為祂的恩慈獻上感恩。
英文原文
2. Every creditor that lendeth ought unto his neighbour shall release it--not by an absolute discharge of the debt, but by passing over that year without exacting payment. The relief was temporary and peculiar to that year during which there was a total suspension of agricultural labor.
he shall not exact it . . . of his brother--that is, an Israelite, so called in opposition to a stranger or foreigner.
because it is called the Lord's release--The reason for acquitting a debtor at that particular period proceeded from obedience to the command, and a regard for the honor, of God; an acknowledgment of holding their property of Him, and gratitude for His kindness.
3
無標題
3. 若借給外邦人，你可以向他追討——外邦歸化者可自由享有以色列人的一切宗教特權，儘管這種屬靈的合一並不總是意味著民事權利和特權的同等享有
(利 25:44; 耶 34:14; 參 代上 22:2; 代下 2:17)。
英文原文
3. Of a foreigner thou mayest exact it again--Admission to all the religious privileges of the Israelites was freely granted to heathen proselytes, though this spiritual incorporation did not always imply an equal participation of civil rights and privileges
(Le 25:44; Jer 34:14; compare 1Ch 22:2; 2Ch 2:17).
4
無標題
4. 你若中間沒有一個窮人——這看來是限制上述聲明
[申 15:3]
的附加從句；於是當釋放的"弟兄"指的是貧窮的借債人；隱含之意是，他若富有，即使在禧年也可追還借款。但這些話也可恰當地譯作（如旁註）為要……使你們中間沒有一個窮人——即叫無人因在不勞動、無收成的時節被不當追討債務而陷入窘困與貧窮，使眾人共享安樂昌盛——只要他們順從，神必特別賜福此地。
英文原文
4. Save when there shall be no poor man among you--Apparently a qualifying clause added to limit the application of the foregoing statement
[De 15:3];
so that "the brother" to be released pointed to a poor borrower, whereas it is implied that if he were rich, the restoration of the loan might be demanded even during that year. But the words may properly be rendered (as on the Margin) to the end, in order that there may be no poor among you--that is, that none be reduced to inconvenient straits and poverty by unseasonable exaction of debts at a time when there was no labor and no produce, and that all may enjoy comfort and prosperity, which will be the case through the special blessing of God on the land, provided they are obedient.
7
無標題
7-11. 在你中間若有一個窮人……你不可忍著心——為防備上述律法使以色列人不肯借貸給窮人，摩西在此警告他們不可存如此卑鄙自私的心，並勸勉他們要以慷慨慈善的精神施與，這必蒙神的賜福
(羅 12:8; 林後 9:7)。
英文原文
7-11. If there be among you a poor man . . . thou shalt not harden thine heart--Lest the foregoing law should prevent the Israelites lending to the poor, Moses here admonishes them against so mean and selfish a spirit and exhorts them to give in a liberal spirit of charity and kindness, which will secure the divine blessing
(Ro 12:8; 2Co 9:7).
11
無標題
11. 原來那地上的窮人永不斷絕——以色列人雖在征服迦南後各人都有了產業，但在那預知此事的神的護理下，部分作為悖逆的刑罰、部分作為仁慈善心的操練，"那地上的窮人"仍被允許"永不斷絕"。
英文原文
11. For the poor shall never cease out of the land--Although every Israelite on the conquest of Canaan became the owner of property, yet in the providence of God who foresaw the event, it was permitted, partly as a punishment of disobedience and partly for the exercise of benevolent and charitable feelings, that "the poor should never cease out of the land."
12
De 15:12-19.
申 15:12-19.
希伯來僕人的釋放。
12. 你的弟兄，無論是希伯來男人或是希伯來女人，若被賣給你——一個無力還債的債務人，到了房產不足以抵債的最後絕境，就要連同家屬被賣為奴
(利 25:39; 王下 4:1; 尼 5:1-13; 伯 24:9; 太 18:25)。
奴役的期限不得超過六年。他們或在賣身後六年期滿、或在第七年結束之前獲得自由。到了禧年，這樣的奴僕即使六年的服役未滿，也要被釋放
[參 利 25:39]。
英文原文
De 15:12-19.
HEBREW SERVANTS' FREEDOM.
12. if thy brother, an Hebrew man, or an Hebrew woman, be sold unto thee--The last extremity of an insolvent debtor, when his house or land was not sufficient to cancel his debt, was to be sold as a slave with his family
(Le 25:39; 2Ki 4:1; Ne 5:1-13; Job 24:9; Mt 18:25).
The term of servitude could not last beyond six years. They obtained their freedom either after six years from the time of their sale or before the end of the seventh year. At the year of jubilee, such slaves were emancipated even if their six years of service were not completed [see on
Le 25:39].
13
無標題
13-15. 你不可使他空手而去——這是一項合時而明智的規定，使一個不幸的窮人能恢復其在社會中原有的地位；而對希伯來奴僕要仁慈人道，其動機是記念整個國家曾在埃及為受壓迫的奴隸。因此，對奴僕的善待——在那時代別處無可比擬——是摩西律法所教導的；在他們一切對待處於此等困境之人的行為上，寬厚和溫和都因一個以色列人不能抗拒的呼籲而被強調。
英文原文
13-15. thou shalt not let him go away empty--A seasonable and wise provision for enabling a poor unfortunate to regain his original status in society, and the motive urged for his kindness and humanity to the Hebrew slave was the remembrance that the whole nation was once a degraded and persecuted band of helots in Egypt. Thus, kindness towards their slaves, unparalleled elsewhere in those days, was inculcated by the Mosaic law; and in all their conduct towards persons in that reduced condition, leniency and gentleness were enforced by an appeal which no Israelite could resist.
16
無標題
16, 17. 他若對你說，我不願離開你——若他們不願利用釋放的特權、選擇留在主人那裡，那麼借著一種特別的儀式，他們便成為這交易的一方，自願將自己賣給雇主，終身服事他。
英文原文
16, 17. if he say unto thee, I will not go away from thee--If they declined to avail themselves of the privilege of release and chose to remain with their master, then by a peculiar form of ceremony they became a party to the transaction, voluntarily sold themselves to their employer, and continued in his service till death.
18
無標題
18. 他服事你六年，比雇工的工價多一倍——即他當得雙倍的工錢，因為他的服事對你更為有利——既無工資、又歷時長久；而雇工則是按年雇用
(利 25:53)，
最多不過三年
(賽 16:14)。
英文原文
18. he hath been worth a double hired servant to thee--that is, he is entitled to double wages because his service was more advantageous to you, being both without wages and for a length of time, whereas hired servants were engaged yearly
(Le 25:53),
or at most for three years
(Isa 16:14).
19
無標題
19. 你牛群羊群中頭生的、凡是公的，都要分別為聖歸耶和華你的神——
[參 出 13:2]；
亦參 出 22:30)。
不可用頭生的牛耕地——即"第二頭生的"
(參 申 12:17, 18; 14:23)。
英文原文
19. All the firstling males of thy herd and of thy flock thou shalt sanctify unto the Lord thy God--[See on
Ex 13:2];
see
Ex 22:30).
thou shalt do not work with the firstling of thy bullock--that is, the second firstlings (see
De 12:17, 18; 14:23).
申 15:1-11.
第七年——為窮人而設的豁免年。
1. 每逢七年末一年——即在這七年的最後一年，也就是安息年
(出 21:2; 23:11; 利 25:4; 耶 34:14)。