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Jos 11:1-9.
英文原文
Jos 11:1-9.
DIVERS KINGS OVERCOME AT THE WATERS OF MEROM.
1-9. And it came to pass, when Jabin king of Hazor had heard those things--The scene of the sacred narrative is here shifted to the north of Canaan, where a still more extensive confederacy was formed among the ruling powers to oppose the further progress of the Israelites. Jabin ("the Intelligent"), which seems to have been a hereditary title
(Jud 4:2),
took the lead, from Hazor being the capital of the northern region
(Jos 11:10).
It was situated on the borders of lake Merom. The other cities mentioned must have been in the vicinity though their exact position is unknown.
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2. 北方山地——指黎巴嫩山对面的山区。
基尼烈南边的亚拉巴——即约旦河谷的北部。
高原——低平之地，包括沙仑平原。
西边多珥的境界——即多珥的高地，延伸至迦密山下、地中海沿岸的多珥城。
英文原文
2. the kings that were on the north of the mountains--the Anti-libanus district.
the plains south of Chinneroth--the northern part of the Arabah, or valley of the Jordan.
the valley--the low and level country, including the plain of Sharon.
borders of Dor on the west--the highlands of Dor, reaching to the town of Dor on the Mediterranean coast, below mount Carmel.
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3. 东边西边的迦南人——这是迦南族中一支特定的民，占据约旦河西岸，北至加利利海一带，亦占据地中海沿岸之地。
黑门山下——即今日的 Jebel-es-sheikh。这是迦南在约旦河东的北界。
米斯巴地——即今日的 Cœlo-Syria（叙利亚谷地）。
英文原文
3. the Canaanites on the east and on the west--a particular branch of the Canaanitish population who occupied the western bank of the Jordan as far northward as the Sea of Galilee, and also the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea.
under Hermon--now Jebel-es-sheikh. It was the northern boundary of Canaan on the east of the Jordan.
land of Mizpeh--now Cœlo-Syria.
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4、5. 他们出来……人数多如海边的沙——耶宾召集了这些部族的首领，他们大概都臣属于夏琐王国。据约瑟夫所记，他们的联军共有步兵三十万、骑兵一万、战车二万。
并有极多的马匹车辆——这些战车大概与埃及的相仿，以木制而成，钉以铁钉、镶以铁头。这些战车在迦南之战中初次出现，为这最后决死的一搏助阵；「正是由于这些战器的使用，会师的地点似乎才定在米伦湖（即今胡列湖）旁，因为沿其平坦的湖岸，战车的威力可以尽情施展。」敌军人数既如此浩大，军备又如此精良，自必使以色列人惊惶丧胆。因此神再次向约书亚重申得胜的应许
(书 11:6)，
他便大得鼓励，凭充足的信心出发迎敌。
英文原文
4, 5. they went out, . . . as the sand that is upon the sea-shore in multitude--The chiefs of these several tribes were summoned by Jabin, being all probably tributary to the kingdom of Hazor. Their combined forces, according to JOSEPHUS, amounted to three hundred thousand infantry, ten thousand cavalry, and twenty thousand war chariots.
with horses and chariots very many--The war chariots were probably like those of Egypt, made of wood, but nailed and tipped with iron. These appear for the first time in the Canaanite war, to aid this last determined struggle against the invaders; and "it was the use of these which seems to have fixed the place of rendezvous by the lake Merom (now Huleh), along whose level shores they could have full play for their force." A host so formidable in numbers, as well as in military equipments, was sure to alarm and dispirit the Israelites. Joshua, therefore, was favored with a renewal of the divine promise of victory
(Jos 11:6),
and thus encouraged, he, in the full confidence of faith, set out to face the enemy.
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6-8. 明日这时，我必将他们交付以色列人全然杀了——既不可能在一日之内从吉甲行军到米伦，我们便当设想约书亚早已挥师北上，距迦南人的营盘只有一日路程，主就在这时赐他必胜的保证。他以惯有的劲头突然推进，大概是在夜间，趁敌军散布在高地上（七十士译本），尚未及在平原上重新集结，便如雷霆般临到他们。「耶和华将他们交在以色列人手里，击杀他们，追赶他们」，全军溃败。溃兵有的往西翻山而去，经利合河（Leontes）峡谷之上，逃到西顿和附近的米斯利弗玛音（即「玻璃熔炼之所」）；有的往东逃到米斯巴平原。
英文原文
6-8. to-morrow, about this time will I deliver them up all slain before Israel--As it was impossible to have marched from Gilgal to Merom in one day, we must suppose Joshua already moving northward and within a day's distance of the Canaanite camp, when the Lord gave him this assurance of success. With characteristic energy he made a sudden advance, probably during the night, and fell upon them like a thunderbolt, when scattered along the rising grounds (Septuagint), before they had time to rally on the plain. In the sudden panic "the Lord delivered them into the hand of Israel, who smote them, and chased them." The rout was complete; some went westward, over the mountains, above the gorge of the Leontes, to Sidon and Misrephothmaim ("glass-smelting houses"), in the neighborhood, and others eastward to the plain of Mizpeh.
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8. 没有留下一个——这是指他们追上的人。凡落入他们手中的人，尽都被杀。
英文原文
8. they left none remaining--of those whom they overtook. All those who fell into their hands alive were slain.
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9. 约书亚就照耶和华所吩咐的去行——
(参
书 11:6)。
砍断马蹄的筋，是割断后腿的筋脉和血管，使马不仅残废无望，还要流血致死。神所以特下此令，原因在于：主定意要引导以色列人专心倚靠祂，而不倚靠军事力量
(诗 20:7)；
要表明在应许之地马匹并无用处；最后，也要遏制他们远行游历，因为他们将是农耕之民，而非贸易之民。
英文原文
9. Joshua did unto them as the Lord bade him--(See
Jos 11:6).
Houghing the horses is done by cutting the sinews and arteries of their hinder legs, so that they not only become hopelessly lame, but bleed to death. The reasons for this special command were that the Lord designed to lead the Israelites to trust in Him, not in military resources
(Ps 20:7);
to show that in the land of promise there was no use of horses; and, finally, to discourage their travelling as they were to be an agricultural, not a trading, people.
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11. 约书亚用火焚烧夏琐——想必是平静从容地、按着神的指示而行。
英文原文
11. he burnt Hazor with fire--calmly and deliberately, doubtless, according to divine direction.
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13. 至于那些造在山冈上的城——原文作「在其堆上」。在天然或人工的高处建城，乃是腓尼基人的风俗 [HENGSTENBERG]。
英文原文
13. as for the cities that stood still in their strength--literally, "on their heaps." It was a Phœnician custom to build cities on heights, natural or artificial [HENGSTENBERG].
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16. 约书亚夺了那一带全地——以下是对这次征服的概览。当地分作五部分：山地、歌珊地（即基遍附近的一片牧野
(书 10:41)）、
谷地、平原和以色列的山地（即迦密山）；这一划分，乃是基于该地区地理形势的多样——正是此地的特色。
英文原文
16. So Joshua took all that land--Here follows a general view of the conquest. The division of the country there into five parts; namely, the hills, the land of Goshen, that is, a pastoral land near Gibeon
(Jos 10:41);
the valley, the plains and the mountains of Israel, i. e., Carmel, rests upon a diversity of geographical positions, which is characteristic of the region.
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17. 从哈拉山——希伯来文作「光滑之山」。
那上到西珥的——一道不规整的白色秃岭，高约八十英尺，长七八地理英里，横贯整个 Ghor，位于死海以南八英里，大概就是「亚克拉滨坡」 [ROBINSON]。
直到黎巴嫩平原的巴力迦得——即巴力别克的「命运之神」之城或庙。
英文原文
17. from the mount Halak--Hebrew, "the smooth mountain."
that goeth up to Seir--an irregular line of white naked hills, about eighty feet high, and seven or eight geographical miles in length that cross the whole Ghor, eight miles south of the Dead Sea, probably "the ascent of Akrabbim" [ROBINSON].
unto Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon--the city or temple of the god of destiny, in Baalbec.
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23. 这样，约书亚夺了那全地——米伦湖之战之于北方，正如伯和仑之战之于南方；其记述较为简略，后果也较不完全，但仍是决定性的一战，迦南全境北方因此落入以色列之手 [STANLEY]。
英文原文
23. Joshua took the whole land--The battle of the take of Merom was to the north what the battle of Beth-horon was to the south; more briefly told and less complete in its consequences; but still the decisive conflict by which the whole northern region of Canaan fell into the hands of Israel [STANLEY].
约书亚记 11:1-9。
诸王在米伦水边被击败
1-9. 夏琐王耶宾听见这事——圣经叙事的场面在此转向迦南北部，那里的执政势力组成了一个更为庞大的联盟，企图阻挡以色列人继续推进。耶宾（意为"明智的"）似乎是一个世袭的称号
(士 4:2)，
因夏琐是北方重镇的首都
(书 11:10)，
故由他牵头。该城位于米伦湖边。所提的其他城邑必定在附近，只是确切位置已无可考。