1
Jos 11:1-9.
英文原文
Jos 11:1-9.
DIVERS KINGS OVERCOME AT THE WATERS OF MEROM.
1-9. And it came to pass, when Jabin king of Hazor had heard those things--The scene of the sacred narrative is here shifted to the north of Canaan, where a still more extensive confederacy was formed among the ruling powers to oppose the further progress of the Israelites. Jabin ("the Intelligent"), which seems to have been a hereditary title
(Jud 4:2),
took the lead, from Hazor being the capital of the northern region
(Jos 11:10).
It was situated on the borders of lake Merom. The other cities mentioned must have been in the vicinity though their exact position is unknown.
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2. 北方山地諸王——即反黎巴嫩山一帶。
基尼烈南邊的平原——即亞拉巴（約旦河谷）的北部。
平原——低平之地，包括沙崙平原。
西邊多珥的境界——多珥的高地，延伸到地中海濱、迦密山下的多珥城。
英文原文
2. the kings that were on the north of the mountains--the Anti-libanus district.
the plains south of Chinneroth--the northern part of the Arabah, or valley of the Jordan.
the valley--the low and level country, including the plain of Sharon.
borders of Dor on the west--the highlands of Dor, reaching to the town of Dor on the Mediterranean coast, below mount Carmel.
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3. 東邊西邊的迦南人——這是迦南族中一支特定的民，佔據約旦河西岸，北至加利利海一帶，亦佔據地中海沿岸之地。
黑門山下——即今日的 Jebel-es-sheikh。這是迦南在約旦河東的北界。
米斯巴地——即今日的 Cœlo-Syria（敘利亞谷地）。
英文原文
3. the Canaanites on the east and on the west--a particular branch of the Canaanitish population who occupied the western bank of the Jordan as far northward as the Sea of Galilee, and also the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea.
under Hermon--now Jebel-es-sheikh. It was the northern boundary of Canaan on the east of the Jordan.
land of Mizpeh--now Cœlo-Syria.
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4、5. 他們出來……人數多如海邊的沙——耶賓召集了這些部族的首領，他們大概都臣屬於夏瑣王國。據約瑟夫所記，他們的聯軍共有步兵三十萬、騎兵一萬、戰車二萬。
並有極多的馬匹車輛——這些戰車大概與埃及的相仿，以木製而成，釘以鐵釘、鑲以鐵頭。這些戰車在迦南之戰中初次出現，為這最後決死的一搏助陣；「正是由於這些戰器的使用，會師的地點似乎才定在米倫湖（即今胡列湖）旁，因為沿其平坦的湖岸，戰車的威力可以盡情施展。」敵軍人數既如此浩大，軍備又如此精良，自必使以色列人驚惶喪膽。因此神再次向約書亞重申得勝的應許
(書 11:6)，
他便大得鼓勵，憑充足的信心出發迎敵。
英文原文
4, 5. they went out, . . . as the sand that is upon the sea-shore in multitude--The chiefs of these several tribes were summoned by Jabin, being all probably tributary to the kingdom of Hazor. Their combined forces, according to JOSEPHUS, amounted to three hundred thousand infantry, ten thousand cavalry, and twenty thousand war chariots.
with horses and chariots very many--The war chariots were probably like those of Egypt, made of wood, but nailed and tipped with iron. These appear for the first time in the Canaanite war, to aid this last determined struggle against the invaders; and "it was the use of these which seems to have fixed the place of rendezvous by the lake Merom (now Huleh), along whose level shores they could have full play for their force." A host so formidable in numbers, as well as in military equipments, was sure to alarm and dispirit the Israelites. Joshua, therefore, was favored with a renewal of the divine promise of victory
(Jos 11:6),
and thus encouraged, he, in the full confidence of faith, set out to face the enemy.
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6-8. 明日這時，我必將他們交付以色列人全然殺了——既不可能在一日之內從吉甲行軍到米倫，我們便當設想約書亞早已揮師北上，距迦南人的營盤只有一日路程，主就在這時賜他必勝的保證。他以慣有的勁頭突然推進，大概是在夜間，趁敵軍散佈在高地上（七十士譯本），尚未及在平原上重新集結，便如雷霆般臨到他們。「耶和華將他們交在以色列人手裏，擊殺他們，追趕他們」，全軍潰敗。潰兵有的往西翻山而去，經利合河（Leontes）峽谷之上，逃到西頓和附近的米斯利弗瑪音（即「玻璃熔煉之所」）；有的往東逃到米斯巴平原。
英文原文
6-8. to-morrow, about this time will I deliver them up all slain before Israel--As it was impossible to have marched from Gilgal to Merom in one day, we must suppose Joshua already moving northward and within a day's distance of the Canaanite camp, when the Lord gave him this assurance of success. With characteristic energy he made a sudden advance, probably during the night, and fell upon them like a thunderbolt, when scattered along the rising grounds (Septuagint), before they had time to rally on the plain. In the sudden panic "the Lord delivered them into the hand of Israel, who smote them, and chased them." The rout was complete; some went westward, over the mountains, above the gorge of the Leontes, to Sidon and Misrephothmaim ("glass-smelting houses"), in the neighborhood, and others eastward to the plain of Mizpeh.
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8. 沒有留下一個——這是指他們追上的人。凡落入他們手中的人，盡都被殺。
英文原文
8. they left none remaining--of those whom they overtook. All those who fell into their hands alive were slain.
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9. 約書亞就照耶和華所吩咐的去行——
(參
書 11:6)。
砍斷馬蹄的筋，是割斷後腿的筋脈和血管，使馬不僅殘廢無望，還要流血致死。神所以特下此令，原因在於：主定意要引導以色列人專心倚靠祂，而不倚靠軍事力量
(詩 20:7)；
要表明在應許之地馬匹並無用處；最後，也要遏制他們遠行遊歷，因為他們將是農耕之民，而非貿易之民。
英文原文
9. Joshua did unto them as the Lord bade him--(See
Jos 11:6).
Houghing the horses is done by cutting the sinews and arteries of their hinder legs, so that they not only become hopelessly lame, but bleed to death. The reasons for this special command were that the Lord designed to lead the Israelites to trust in Him, not in military resources
(Ps 20:7);
to show that in the land of promise there was no use of horses; and, finally, to discourage their travelling as they were to be an agricultural, not a trading, people.
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11. 約書亞用火焚燒夏瑣——想必是平靜從容地、按着神的指示而行。
英文原文
11. he burnt Hazor with fire--calmly and deliberately, doubtless, according to divine direction.
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13. 至於那些造在山岡上的城——原文作「在其堆上」。在天然或人工的高處建城，乃是腓尼基人的風俗 [HENGSTENBERG]。
英文原文
13. as for the cities that stood still in their strength--literally, "on their heaps." It was a Phœnician custom to build cities on heights, natural or artificial [HENGSTENBERG].
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16. 約書亞奪了那一帶全地——以下是對這次征服的概覽。當地分作五部分：山地、歌珊地（即基遍附近的一片牧野
(書 10:41)）、
谷地、平原和以色列的山地（即迦密山）；這一劃分，乃是基於該地區地理形勢的多樣——正是此地的特色。
英文原文
16. So Joshua took all that land--Here follows a general view of the conquest. The division of the country there into five parts; namely, the hills, the land of Goshen, that is, a pastoral land near Gibeon
(Jos 10:41);
the valley, the plains and the mountains of Israel, i. e., Carmel, rests upon a diversity of geographical positions, which is characteristic of the region.
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17. 從哈拉山——希伯來文作「光滑之山」。
那上到西珥的——一道不規整的白色禿嶺，高約八十英尺，長七八地理英里，橫貫整個 Ghor，位於死海以南八英里，大概就是「亞克拉濱坡」 [ROBINSON]。
直到黎巴嫩平原的巴力迦得——即巴力別克的「命運之神」之城或廟。
英文原文
17. from the mount Halak--Hebrew, "the smooth mountain."
that goeth up to Seir--an irregular line of white naked hills, about eighty feet high, and seven or eight geographical miles in length that cross the whole Ghor, eight miles south of the Dead Sea, probably "the ascent of Akrabbim" [ROBINSON].
unto Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon--the city or temple of the god of destiny, in Baalbec.
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23. 這樣，約書亞奪了那全地——米倫湖之戰之於北方，正如伯和崙之戰之於南方；其記述較為簡略，後果也較不完全，但仍是決定性的一戰，迦南全境北方因此落入以色列之手 [STANLEY]。
英文原文
23. Joshua took the whole land--The battle of the take of Merom was to the north what the battle of Beth-horon was to the south; more briefly told and less complete in its consequences; but still the decisive conflict by which the whole northern region of Canaan fell into the hands of Israel [STANLEY].
書 11:1-9。
眾王在米倫水邊被擊敗
1-9. 夏瑣王耶賓聽見這事——聖史的場景在此轉到迦南的北方，那裡執政的權勢結成了更廣泛的同盟，要抵擋以色列人的繼續推進。耶賓（意即「明哲者」）似乎是世襲的尊號
(士 4:2)，
由他領頭，因夏瑣是北方一帶的京城
(書 11:10)。
它位於米倫湖邊。所提的別的城必在附近，雖然其確切位置已不可考。