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Nu 33:1-15.
英文原文
Nu 33:1-15.
TWO AND FORTY JOURNEYS OF THE ISRAELITES--FROM EGYPT TO SINAI.
1. These are the journeys of the children of Israel--This chapter may be said to form the winding up of the history of the travels of the Israelites through the wilderness; for the three following chapters relate to matters connected with the occupation and division of the promised land. As several apparent discrepancies will be discovered on comparing the records here given of the journeyings from Sinai with the detailed accounts of the events narrated in the Book of Exodus and the occasional notices of places that are found in that of Deuteronomy, it is probable that this itinerary comprises a list of only the most important stations in their journeys--those where they formed prolonged encampments, and whence they dispersed their flocks and herds to pasture on the adjacent plains till the surrounding herbage was exhausted. The catalogue extends from their departure out of Egypt to their arrival on the plains of Moab.
went forth . . . with their armies--that is, a vast multitude marshalled in separate companies, but regular order.
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2. 摩西遵着耶和华的吩咐，记载他们所行的路程——这道神命所蕴含的智慧，可从其所服事之目的的重要性看出——即部分为确立这历史的真实性，部分为存留神为以色列所行奇妙作为的记念，部分为要在他们即将从事的艰难事业——入侵迦南——的前景中坚固他们的信心。
英文原文
2. Moses wrote their goings out according to their journeys by the commandment of the Lord--The wisdom of this divine order is seen in the importance of the end to which it was subservient--namely, partly to establish the truth of the history, partly to preserve a memorial of God's marvellous interpositions on behalf of Israel, and partly to confirm their faith in the prospect of the difficult enterprise on which they were entering, the invasion of Canaan.
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3. 兰塞——通常被认为即英雄城，即今日的 Abu-Keisheid （参
Ex 12:37），
该城可能是歌珊的首府，并在摩西的指示下，作为他们启程前总集合之地。
英文原文
3. Rameses--generally identified with Heroopoils, now the modern Abu-Keisheid (see on
Ex 12:37),
which was probably the capital of Goshen, and, by direction of Moses, the place of general rendezvous previous to their departure.
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4. 也败坏他们的神——这是照圣经的用语，或指他们的统治者（王与众首领的长子），或指埃及人所敬拜的偶像之物。
英文原文
4. upon their gods--used either according to Scripture phraseology to denote their rulers (the first-born of the king and his princes) or the idolatrous objects of Egyptian worship.
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5. 在疏割安营——意即“棚”——一个无名之地，只作为临时歇脚之处，位于 Birketel-Hadji，即朝圣者之池 [CALMET]。
英文原文
5. pitched in Succoth--that is, "booths"--a place of no note except as a temporary halting place, at Birketel-Hadji, the Pilgrim's Pool [CALMET].
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6. 以倘——意即边缘或边界，指阿拉伯石地中毗邻埃及、以书耳为通称的那一部分的边缘。
英文原文
6. Etham--edge, or border of all that part of Arabia-Petræa which lay contiguous to Egypt and was known by the general name of Shur.
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7. 比哈希录、巴力洗分……密夺——（参
Ex 14:2）。
英文原文
7. Pi-hahiroth, Baal-zephon . . . Migdol--(See on
Ex 14:2).
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8. 玛拉——被认为是 Ain Howarah，这可从其位置以及他们带着孩童和畜群从摩西泉到该地所需的时间（三天）推断。
英文原文
8. Marah--thought to be Ain Howarah, both from its position and the time (three days) it would take them with their children and flocks to march from the water of Ayun Musa to that spot.
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9. 以琳——据推测即 Wady Ghurundel （参
Ex 15:27）。
英文原文
9. Elim--supposed to be Wady Ghurundel (see on
Ex 15:27).
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10. 在红海边安营——从 Wady Ghurundel 出来的路通向内陆，因一道连绵的高岭遮挡了一切眺望大海的视线。在 Wady-et-Tayibeh 的出口处，约行三天之后，路又展开到一片沿红海边缘的平原。圣经叙事的细致精确，与此地的地理特征如此吻合，实在令人瞩目——它描述以色列人走的是唯一可行的路线。他们扎营的这片平原，就是汛的旷野 （参
Ex 16:1）。
英文原文
10. encamped by the Red Sea--The road from Wady Ghurundel leads into the interior, in consequence of a high continuous ridge which excludes all view of the sea. At the mouth of Wady-et-Tayibeh, after about three days' march, it opens again on a plain along the margin of the Red Sea. The minute accuracy of the Scripture narrative, in corresponding so exactly with the geographical features of this region, is remarkably shown in describing the Israelites as proceeding by the only practicable route that could be taken. This plain, where they encamped, was the Desert of Sin (see on
Ex 16:1).
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12-14. 脱弗加……亚录……利非订——这三个站口位于 El Sheikh 和 Feiran 的大谷中，对这样的大队人马而言相当于四天的路程。利非订
(Ex 17:6)
在何烈——意即焦灼之地——这是一个泛指，指炎热多山之地。[参
Ex 17:1。]
英文原文
12-14. Dophkah . . . Alush . . . Rephidim--These three stations, in the great valleys of El Sheikh and Feiran, would be equivalent to four days' journey for such a host. Rephidim
(Ex 17:6)
was in Horeb, the burnt region--a generic name for a hot, mountainous country. [See on
Ex 17:1.]
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15. 西奈的旷野——即 Wady Er-Raheh。
英文原文
15. wilderness of Sinai--the Wady Er-Raheh.
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Nu 33:16-56.
Nu 33:16-56.
从西奈 到加低斯 及摩押 平原。
16-37. 基博罗哈他瓦（意即“贪欲之人的坟墓”， 参
Nu 11:34）——离开西奈营地后，路线沿 Wady Sheikh 下行；然后越过分割半岛的 Jebel-et-Tih，下到 Wady Zalaka，先后在两个短暂却值得记念的站口扎营
(De 9:22)；
然后他们在哈洗录（意即“无城墙的村庄”）安营，据推测即在 Ain-Hadera（参
Nu 11:35）。
加低斯，即加低斯巴尼亚，据推测是 Ghor 大谷，而加低斯城则位于这谷的边缘 [BURCKHARDT; ROBINSON]。但由于在哈洗录和加低斯之间插入了不下十八个站口，而走完那段路程只用了十一天
(De 1:2)，
可见此处所记的中间站口属于另一次完全不同的加低斯之行。第一次是在他们二月间离开西奈
(Nu 1:11; 13:20)，
八月间到达加低斯
(De 1:45)，
并在那里“住了多日”。后来因探子所报的恶信而发怨言，便奉命转回旷野，“往红海那条路走”。本目录所提到的到达加低斯，对应于第二次在那里的停留，即正月、约四月间
(Nu 20:1)。
两次到访之间相隔三十八年，期间他们在 El-Tih（意即“漂泊”）全地四处游荡，因畜群牧放的需要常回到同一地点；最有力的理由相信，哈洗录
(Nu 33:8)
与加低斯
(Nu 33:36)
之间所列的站口属于那段漫长的漂泊时期。这些站口中有许多位置迄今尚无法确定。站口的实际数目必定多于所记的；因大概只有那些他们停留较久、立起帐幕、摩西与众长老扎营之处才被记录，而百姓则散在四周放牧。例如，从位于亚喀巴湾顶端的以旬迦别到加低斯，不会少于 Ghor 大谷的全长——至少一百英里——无论加低斯的确切位置如何；其间当然必有若干中转站，虽然未予记载。余下前往摩押平原之程途中的事件和阶段，在前面的章节中已足够清楚。
英文原文
Nu 33:16-56.
FROM SINAI TO KADESH AND PLAINS OF MOAB.
16-37. Kibroth-Hattaavah ("the graves of lust," see on
Nu 11:34)
--The route, on breaking up the encampment at Sinai, led down Wady Sheikh; then crossing Jebel-et-Tih, which intersected the peninsula, they descended into Wady Zalaka, pitching successively at two brief, though memorable, stations
(De 9:22);
then they encamped at Hazeroth ("unwalled villages"), supposed to be at Ain-Hadera (see on
Nu 11:35).
Kadesh, or Kadesh-barnea, is supposed to be the great valley of the Ghor, and the city Kadesh to have been situated on the border of this valley [BURCKHARDT; ROBINSON]. But as there are no less than eighteen stations inserted between Hazeroth and Kadesh, and only eleven days were spent in performing that journey
(De 1:2),
it is evident that the intermediate stations here recorded belong to another and totally different visit to Kadesh. The first was when they left Sinai in the second month
(Nu 1:11; 13:20),
and were in Kadesh in August
(De 1:45),
and "abode many days" in it. Then, murmuring at the report of the spies, they were commanded to return into the desert "by the way of the Red Sea." The arrival at Kadesh, mentioned in this catalogue, corresponds to the second sojourn at that place, being the first month, or April
(Nu 20:1).
Between the two visits there intervened a period of thirty-eight years, during which they wandered hither and thither through all the region of El-Tih ("wanderings"), often returning to the same spots as the pastoral necessities of their flocks required; and there is the strongest reason for believing that the stations named between Hazeroth
(Nu 33:8)
and Kadesh
(Nu 33:36)
belong to the long interval of wandering. No certainty has yet been attained in ascertaining the locale of many of these stations. There must have been more than are recorded; for it is probable that those only are noted where they remained some time, where the tabernacle was pitched, and where Moses and the elders encamped, the people being scattered for pasture in various directions. From Ezion-geber, for instance, which stood at the head of the gulf of Akaba, to Kadesh, could not be much less than the whole length of the great valley of the Ghor, a distance of not less than a hundred miles, whatever might be the exact situation of Kadesh; and, of course, there must have been several intervening stations, though none are mentioned. The incidents and stages of the rest of the journey to the plains of Moab are sufficiently explicit from the preceding chapters.
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18. 利提玛（意即“金雀花之地”）——大概是 Ghor 以西某条干谷中的一个站口。
英文原文
18. Rithmah ("the place of the broom")--a station possibly in some wady extending westward of the Ghor.
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19. 利门法列斯——或作临门，犹大和西缅的一座城
(Jos 15:32)；
立拿，因其白杨而得名
(Jos 10:29)，
或如某些人所认为，是加低斯与迦萨之间的一座白山
(Jos 10:29)；
利撒（El-arish）；沙弗山（卡西乌斯）；摩西录，邻近何珥山，在 Wady Mousa。以旬迦别，靠近亚喀巴，是埃拉提湾西岸的一个海港；汛的旷野，在西奈半岛的东侧；普嫩，在何珥山的岩壁峡谷中，以其附近的矿场和采石场以及果树闻名，即今日位于以东边境的 Tafyle；亚巴琳，亚嫩河西北的一列崎岖山岭——称为尼波的部分是其最高峰之一——与耶利哥相对。（参
De 10:6）。
英文原文
19. Rimmon-parez, or Rimmon--a city of Judah and Simeon
(Jos 15:32);
Libnah, so called from its white poplars
(Jos 10:29),
or, as some think, a white hill between Kadesh and Gaza
(Jos 10:29);
Rissah (El-arish); mount Shapher (Cassius); Moseroth, adjacent to mount Hor, in Wady Mousa. Ezion-geber, near Akaba, a seaport on the western shore of the Elanitic gulf; Wilderness of Zin, on the east side of the peninsula of Sinai; Punon, in the rocky ravines of mount Hor and famous for the mines and quarries in its vicinity as well as for its fruit trees, now Tafyle, on the border of Edom; Abarim, a ridge of rugged hills northwest of the Arnon--the part called Nebo was one of its highest peaks--opposite Jericho. (See on
De 10:6).
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50-53. 你们要从你们面前赶出那地所有的居民——但不是逐出，而是灭绝
(申 7:1)。
毁坏他们一切的石像——即用于偶像敬拜的柱像（参见
利 26:1 的注释）。
毁坏他们一切的铸像，拆毁他们一切的邱坛——这是借代说法，指他们一切的神坛、坛和山冈上敬拜用的器具。
英文原文
50-53. ye shall drive out all the inhabitants of the land from before you--not, however, by expulsion, but extermination
(De 7:1).
and destroy all their pictures--obelisks for idolatrous worship (see on
Le 26:1).
and destroy all their molten images, and quite pluck down all their high places--by metonymy for all their groves and altars, and materials of worship on the tops of hills.
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54. 你们要按阄分那地——每个支派所在的具体位置要用这方法决定；而量度比例时要用准绳
(书 18:10； 诗 16:5, 6)。
英文原文
54. ye shall divide the land by lot--The particular locality of each tribe was to be determined in this manner while a line was to be used in measuring the proportion
(Jos 18:10; Ps 16:5, 6).
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55. 若不赶出那地的居民——不可与那些居民结交；否则"若让他们留下，他们必作你们眼中的刺、肋下的荆棘"——即他们必成为烦扰而危险的邻舍，引诱你们拜偶像，因而使你们失去神的恩宠与祝福。这反对与拜偶像的居民联合的忠告一旦被忽视，对他们是致命的。这劝勉是以色列人在特殊情况下所领受的，对我们也是一种有益的教训——我们不可容让隐藏的罪恶习惯留在心中。这属灵的仇敌必须从我们里面根除；否则必将损及我们今生的平安与未来的救恩。
英文原文
55. But if ye will not drive out the inhabitants of the land from before you--No associations were to be formed with the inhabitants; otherwise, "if ye let remain, they will be pricks in your eyes, and thorns in your sides"--that is, they would prove troublesome and dangerous neighbors, enticing to idolatry, and consequently depriving you of the divine favor and blessing. The neglect of the counsel against union with the idolatrous inhabitants became fatal to them. This earnest admonition given to the Israelites in their peculiar circumstances conveys a salutary lesson to us to allow no lurking habits of sin to remain in us. That spiritual enemy must be eradicated from our nature; otherwise it will be ruinous to our present peace and future salvation.
Nu 33:1-15.
以色列人 四十二段 行程—— 从埃及 到西奈。
1. 以色列人的行程如下——这一章可以说构成了以色列人旷野漂流历史的总结；因为接下来的三章所论及的，皆与应许之地的占据与分配有关。将此处关于从西奈出发之行程的记录，与《出埃及记》中所叙述事件的详尽记载，以及《申命记》中对各地的零散提及加以比较，就会发现若干看似矛盾之处；因此，这份行程清单很可能只列出了他们旅程中最重要的站点——即他们长期扎营之处，并从那里将群畜散放到附近的平原上牧放，直到周围的牧草耗尽。这份目录从他们出埃及起，一直延伸到他们抵达摩押平原。
按着军队出去——即一支庞大的群众，编列为各自分开的队伍，却井然有序。